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31.
32.
A common polygenic basis for quinine and PROP avoidance in mice 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
Inbred strains of mice (Mus musculus) differ greatly in ability to taste
various bitter compounds. For some compounds, the differences result from
allelic variation at a single locus. However, segregation patterns
incompatible with monogenic inheritance have been found for quinine
avoidance. The Soa bitter sensitivity locus exerts some influence on this
phenotype, but an unknown number of other loci also contribute. Relative
avoidance patterns for quinine sulfate in panels of naive inbred strains
resembled avoidance patterns for 6-n-propyl-2- thiouracil (PROP),
suggesting a common genetic basis. In particular, C57BL/6J mice strongly
avoided both 0.1 mM quinine sulfate and 1 mM PROP in two-bottle preference
tests, whereas C3H/HeJ mice were indifferent to both. Therefore, 12 BXH/Ty
recombinant inbred strains, derived from these strains, were tested with
both solutions to begin identification of the unknown bitter loci. Naive
mice were tested for four consecutive days with each compound (order
counterbalanced). Some BXH/Ty strain means resembled those of the parent
strains, but others were intermediate. This indicated recombination among
loci affecting avoidance, and therefore polygenic inheritance. The strain
means were highly correlated across compounds (r = 0.98), suggesting that
the same polygenes controlled both phenotypes. The BXH/Ty means for both
compounds were then compared with the strain genotypes at 212 chromosome
position markers distributed throughout the genome. Eight markers on five
chromosomes (3, 6, 7, 8 and 9) yielded significant correlations. Six of the
markers were correlated with both phenotypes, again suggesting common
polygenic inheritance. The marker with the highest correlation was Prp,
tightly linked to Soa on chromosome 6. The correlated marker regions likely
contain quantitative trait loci affecting bitter avoidance. The phenotypic
similarity of PROP to quinine, rather than to phenylthiourea, apparently
stemming from a common polygenic basis, indicates a difference between mice
and humans in gustatory organization related to bitters.
相似文献
33.
The lophotoxin analogue, bipinnatin-B, is a potent neurotoxin isolated from the gorgonian coral Pseudopterogorgia bipinnata. When tested on the cell body of an identified motor neurone, the fast coxal depressor motor neurone (Df) in the cockroach metathoracic ganglion, bipinnatin-B, at concentrations of 10 micronM,partially blocked nicotine-induced depolarization. Blockade of the response to nicotine was almost complete at 30 micronM bipinnatin-B, and was partially reversible on rebathing the preparation in normal saline. Responses of the same neurone to GABA were unaffected by 30 micronM bipinnatin-B. 相似文献
34.
Jacqueline M. Skeer David B. Sattelle 《Archives of insect biochemistry and physiology》1993,23(3):111-124
This study has identified specific, stereoselective phenylalkylamine (PAA, (±)- [3H]verapamil) binding sites of low-affinity and high-density in cockroach (Periplaneta americana) nervous system and skeletal muscle membranes. Scatchard transformation of equilibrium binding data revealed a single population of binding sites in both tissues with dissociation constants (Kd) of 273 nM and 377 nM and binding capacities (Bmax) of 23 pmol·mg protein?1 and 37pmol·mg protein?1 for cockroach nervous tissue and skeletal muscle membranes, respectively. The PAA binding site in cockroach nervous tissue membranes was found to be dihydropyridine (DHP)-insensitive, whereas the corresponding site in cockroach skeletal muscle membranes was DHP-sensitive. This property of a DHP-sensitive PAA receptor distinguishes the binding sites identified in cockroach skeletal muscle from those in cockroach nervous tissue and indicates that pharmacologically distinct putative Ca2+ channel subtypes are present in insect nerve and muscle. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
35.
David B. Sattelle Maria-Isabel Sepúlveda Haruhiko Shinozaki Michiko Ishida 《Archives of insect biochemistry and physiology》1994,25(2):87-94
Acromelic acid, a naturally occurring kainoid, isolated from the mushroom Clitocybe acromelalga, is a weak displacer of [3H]L-glutamate binding to cockroach (Periplaneta americana) nerve cord membranes. Acromelic acid (1 mM) displaces ~?60% of specifically bound [3H]L-glutamate. When applied by bath perfusion to the cell body membrane of the cockroach fast coxal depressor motor neurone, acromelic acid generated slow, prolonged, dose-dependent depolarizations at concentrations of 0.3 μM and above. Thus acromelic acid is among the most potent of the excitatory amino acids tested to date on insect neurones. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
36.
37.
D B Sattelle U M?dler H Heilgenberg H Breer 《Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Containing papers of a Biological character. Royal Society (Great Britain)》1989,238(1291):189-192
A polyclonal, monospecific antiserum raised against a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor protein affinity-purified from insect nervous tissue, was employed to demonstrate the localization of antigenic sites in the neuropile of the terminal (sixth) abdominal ganglion of the cockroach Periplaneta americana. In agreement with previously published autoradiographic mapping of specific [125I]alpha-bungarotoxin binding sites, specific areas of the central neuropile of this ganglion were densely stained, but not the cercal afferent axons. No staining was detected corresponding to the dense, peripheral, partly non-specific binding of alpha-bungarotoxin seen in autoradiographs of the same tissue. Certain peripherally located neuronal cell bodies, including the cell body of giant interneuron 2, contained intracellularly located antigenic sites. 相似文献
38.
Edit, cut and paste in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene family of Drosophila melanogaster 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Sattelle DB Jones AK Sattelle BM Matsuda K Reenan R Biggin PC 《BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology》2005,27(4):366-376
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are important for fast synaptic cholinergic transmission. They are targets of drugs/chemicals for human and animal health as well as for pest control. With the advent of genome sequencing, entire nAChR gene families have now been described for vertebrates and invertebrates. Mostly, these are extensive with a large number of distinct subunits, making possible many nAChR subtypes differing in transmitter affinity, channel conductance, ion selectivity, desensitization, modulation and pharmacology. The smallest nAChR gene family to date is that of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, with only 10 members. This apparently compact family belies its true diversity as 4 of the 10 subunits show alternative splicing. Also, using Drosophila, A-to-I pre-mRNA editing has been demonstrated for the first time in nAChRs. Such is the extent of this variation, that one subunit alone (Dalpha6) can potentially generate far more isoforms than seen in entire gene families from other species. We present here three-dimensional models constructed for insect nAChRs, which show that many variations introduced by alternative splicing and RNA editing may influence receptor function. 相似文献
39.
The central neuropile of thoracic ganglia in the central nervous system (CNS) of the cockroach Periplaneta americana contains synapses with characteristic pre- and post-synaptic membrane specializations and associated structures. These include dense pre-synaptic T-bars surrounded by synaptic vesicles, together with post-synaptic densities of varying electron opacity. Exocytotic release of synaptic vesicles is observed only rarely near presynaptic densities, but coated pits are seen at variable distances from them, and may be involved in membrane retrieval. After freeze-fracture, paralinear arrays of intramembranous articles (IMPs) are detected on the P face of many presynaptic terminals, with associated dimples indicative of vesicular release. The E face of these membranes exhibits protuberances complementary to the P face dimples, as well as scattered larger IMPs. Post-synaptic membranes possess dense IMP aggregates on the P face, some of which may represent receptor molecules. Electrophysiological studies with biotinylated alpha-bungarotoxin reveal that biotinylation does not inhibit the pharmacological effectiveness of the toxin in blocking acetylcholine receptors on an identified motoneurone in the metathoracic ganglion. Preliminary thin section ultrastructural analysis of this tissue post-treated with avidin-HRP or avidin-ferritin indicates that alpha-bungarotoxin-binding sites are localized at certain synapses in these insect thoracic ganglia. 相似文献
40.
Accumulation of amyloid (Aβ) peptides has been suggested to be the primary event in Alzheimer's disease. In neurons, K+ channels regulate a number of processes, including setting the resting potential, keeping action potentials short, timing interspike intervals, synaptic plasticity, and cell death. In particular, A‐type K+ channels have been implicated in the onset of LTP in mammalian neurons, which is thought to underlie learning and memory. A number of studies have shown that Aβ peptides alter the properties of K+ currents in mammalian neurons. We set out to determine the effects of Aβ peptides on the neuronal A‐type K+ channels of Drosophila. Treatment of cells for 18 h with 1 μM Aβ1‐42 altered the kinetics of the A‐type K+ current, shifting steady‐state inactivation to more depolarized potentials and increasing the rate of recovery from inactivation. It also caused a decrease in neuronal viability. Thus it seems that alteration in the properties of the A‐type K+ current is a prelude to the amyloid‐induced death of neurons. This alteration in the properties of the A‐type K+ current may provide a basis for the early memory impairment that was observed prior to neurodegeneration in a recent study of a transgenic Drosophila melanogaster line over‐expressing the human Aβ1‐42 peptide. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol, 2006 相似文献