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91.
A. Chiba M. Kikuchi K. Aoki 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》1995,176(4):473-477
We examined whether melatonin can act as a synchronizing agent within the circadian system of amphibians by testing the ability of melatonin injections to entrain the circadian locomotor activity rhythm of a newt (Cynops pyrrhogaster). Under constant darkness, all newts (13 cases) showing the free-running rhythms were subcutaneously injected with 10 g melatonin at the same time every other day for at least 30 days. Subsequently, they were injected with vehicle (1% ethanolic saline) instead of melatonin for at least another 30 days. In 10 of the 13 newts, the locomotor activity rhythms could be entrained to a period of 24 h by melatonin injections but not by vehicle injections. During the entrained steady-state, the active phase of an activity-rest cycle preceded the time of melatonin injections as previously reported in other diurnal species. These results suggest that the endogenous circadian rhythm of melatonin concentration may be involved in synchronizing circadian oscillator(s) within the newt's circadian system. 相似文献
92.
-Mannanase produced by Bacillus sp. W-2, isolated from decayed commercial konjak cake, was purified from the culture supernatant by (NH4)2 SO4 precipitation, adsorption to konjak gel, and column chromatography with DEAE-cellulose, Sephadex G-100 and Sephacryl S-200. Its molecular size was estimated by SDS-PAGE as 40 kDa, and by gel filtration as 36 kDa. The enzyme was most active at pH 7 and 70°C and was stable for at least 1 h between pH 5 and 10 and below 60°C. Its activity was completely inhibited by Hg2+. The enzyme hydrolysed galactomannan better than glucomannan and mainly produced mannose and mannobiose.The authors are with the Department of Bioproductive Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University. Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321, Japan 相似文献
93.
Y Kikuchi H Okayama M Okayama H Sasaki T Takishima 《Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)》1984,56(3):590-595
We examined the interaction between histamine and vagal efferent activity on airway smooth muscle reactivity in 11 anesthetized vagotomized dogs using an isolated closed segment of the intrathoracic trachea filled with Tyrode solution under an isovolumetric condition. Intratracheal pressure change was measured as an index of tracheal smooth muscle tone. The administration into the tracheal segment of histamine (0.1 or 1.0 mg/ml) in six dogs and methacholine chloride (0.001 or 0.01 mg/ml) in the other five dogs elevated intratracheal pressure by about 5 cmH2O. The electrical stimulation of the peripheral ends of both of the cut cervical vagus nerves in the presence of histamine produced significantly greater responses than the additive responses of these two stimuli applied individually (two-way analysis of variance, P less than 0.025). However, the combined effects of vagal stimulation and methacholine were not significantly different from the additive responses of these two stimuli applied individually. The average values of intratracheal pressure elevated by the combined effects of vagal stimulation and histamine were significantly higher than those obtained by the combination of vagal stimulation and methacholine (two-way analysis of variance, P less than 0.01). This suggests that histamine potentiates tracheal smooth muscle reactivity to electrical vagal stimulation, which may contribute to the hyperreactivity observed in patients with asthma. 相似文献
94.
Abstract Passive transfer between rates of protection against cholera toxin (CT) was studied. Extracts of various organs, obtained from CT-immunized rats, were injected intravenously into non-immunized recipient rats. The ability of the extracts to inhibit CT-induced secretion in ligated jejunal loop were tested. A significant inhibition of the response to CT was achieved by extracts from hypophysis, brain and jejunal mucosa. Extracts from pancreas, spleen or adrenal glands were without effect, as were all extracts obtained from control rats. The antisecretory effects of the hypophysis extracts became intensified with increasing numbers of immunizations, and the antisecretory effect was most pronounced when the extract was injected immediately before the CT challenge. The active component of the hypophysis extract was heat-labile and negatively charged, suggesting an acidic protein as the mediator of the protective effect against CT. 相似文献
95.
T. Kudoh K. Kikuchi F. Nakamura S. Yokoyama K. Karube S. Tsugawa R. Minami T. Nakao 《Human genetics》1978,44(3):287-293
Summary A prenatal diagnosis of GM1-gangliosidosis was made in a pregnancy at risk, on the basis of a deficiency of -galactosidase activity demonstrated in cultured aminiotic fluid cells. Biochemical analyses were performed in the aborted fetus. GM1-ganglioside -galactosidase activity was reduced to 1% of the control value in both the brain and liver of the affected fetus. Lamellar bodies suggestive of membranous cytoplasmic bodies were found in cells of basal ganglions, while the accumulation of GM1-ganglioside in the brain was not remarkable. 相似文献
96.
Summary Paternal age distribution for 1279 cases of Down's syndrome born in 1952–1968 was compared with the corresponding distribution for the general population, corrected for the maternal age as well as for the year of birth of the patients. Although there was no difference in the mean paternal age, the two distributions differed significantly, largely due to the excess of fathers aged 55 years and over and to the deficit of those aged 40–44 years in the patients born to mothers aged 30 years and over. The overall pattern of the relative incidence of Down's syndrome with advancing paternal age, with maternal age controlled, seems consistent with the hypothesis proposed by Stene et al. (1977). It increased from 0.8 for fathers aged 20–24 years slowly up to 1.2 for those aged 45–49 years, though with an intermediate drop to 0.8 at the age of 40–44 years, and then sharply to 2.4 for those aged 55 years and over. This rising pattern of the relative incidence with paternal age was essentially the same for the patients born in 1952–1960 and for those born in 1961–1968, although the slope was less steep in the latter than in the former group.This paper is dedicated to Professor Heinrich Schade in honor of his 70th birthday 相似文献
97.
98.
Prolonged administration of dipropylacetic acid, a branched-chain fatty acid, reduced the glycine cleavage activity in the liver of rat to about one-third of the activity in the control rat. The reduction of the activity appeared to be due mainly to reduction of the level of P-protein, a pyridoxal phosphate enzyme, which is responsible for the first step of the glycine cleavage, although dipropylacetic acid was also found to inhibit the activity of P-protein in vitro in a noncompetitive but partially competitive manner with respect to glycine. The rat treated with dipropylacetic acid may provide an experimental approach for the biochemical study of hyperglycinemia which accompanies to metabolic disorders of branchedchain keto acids. In the dipropylacetic acid-treated rat, however, the glycine concentration in the serum was not appreciably elevated and this may be accounted for by the fact that the activities of both the glycine cleavage system and serine dehydratase are considerably higher in the rat liver as compared with those in other animals including human. 相似文献
99.
Satoru Kawamura Tôru Yoshizawa Kazumi Horiuchi Masayoshi Ito Akiko Kodama Kiyoshi Tsukida 《BBA》1979,548(1):147-152
9-cis-Retro-γ;rhodopsin (λmax = 420 nm) was prepared from 9-cis-retro-γ-retinal and cattle opsin. After cooling to liquid nitrogen temperature (77 K), the pigment was irradiated with light at 380 nm. The spectrum shifted to the longer wavelengths, owing to formation of a batho product. This fact indicates that the conjugated double bond system from C-5 to C-8 of the chromophoric retinal in rhodopsin was not necessary for formation of bathorhodopsin. Reirradiation of the batho product with light at wavelengths longer than 520 nm yielded a mixture composed of presumably 9- or 11-cis forms of retro-γ-rhodopsin. These three isomers are interconvertible by light at liquid nitrogen temperature. Thus the retro-γ-rhodopsin system is similar in photochemical reaction at 77 K to cattle rhodopsin system. Each system has its own batho product. Based on these results, it was infered that the formation of bathorhodopsin is due to photoisomerization of the chromophoric retinal of rhodopsin and is not due to translocation of a proton on the ring or on the side chain from C-6 to C-8 of the chromophoric retinal to the Schiff-base nitrogen. 相似文献
100.
A new type of molecular orbital method is proposed. It is applicable to large molecules containing large conjugated substructures. Only π-electrons in the conjugated part, but all-valence electrons in the non-conjugated part of a molecule, are taken into account explicitly. The Fock matrix elements are evaluated from the semi-empirical values employed in the existing all-valence-electron methods. The examples presented here suggest that the new type of MO method predicts electronic structures which are quite similar to those obtained by complete semi-empirical MO calculations. This new method may make it possible to reasonably well describe the electronic structure of, and interaction between, large molecules using considerably less computation time and core storage than the complete calculation analogs. 相似文献