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51.
52.
Damian F. J. Purcell Nicholas J. Deacon Sarah M. Andrew Ian F. C. McKenzie 《Immunogenetics》1990,31(1):21-28
CD46, until recently known as HuLy-m5, is a non-lineage restricted surface antigen ubiquitously expressed by almost all human cells except erythrocytes. The CD46 antigen is identified by the E4.3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) and exists at the surface of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) as two acidic, non-disulfide bonded chains, and , ofM
r 66 000 and 56 000. Receptor density analysis showed that CD46 was of moderately low abundance on PBLs with 7.5×103 molecules present on each cell. The two chains of CD46 were purified (144 000-fold) by immunoaffinity-chromatography with E4.3 mAb from the plasma membranes of a human spleen infiltrated with chronic myelogenous leukemia cells. Amino acid sequence analysis of the NH2-terminal of both and chains yielded the same sequence; XEEPPQ/TFEAMELIGKPKPYYEIGE. Peptide mapping studies confirmed that both CD46 chains were closely related, except for one peptide fragment. This amino acid sequence is identical to that of the NH2-terminal of the recently cloned membrane co-factor protein (MCP), a membrane protein that binds the C3b and C4b fragments of complement and acts as a co-factor for I protein-mediated decay of the complement convertases. CD46 shares a cross-reactive epitope with some primate retroviruses, and this may indicate that some retroviruses mimic the mechanisms used by autologous human cells to evade complement-mediated immune clearance.
Offprint requests to: I. F. C. McKenzie. 相似文献
53.
Mutation analysis of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator gene in native American populations of the southwest 下载免费PDF全文
Theresa A. Grebe Winifred W. Doane Sarah F. Richter Carol Clericuzio R. A. Norman William K. Seltzer Susan N. Rhodes Bruce E. Goldberg Lucy S. Hernried Melody McClure Gail Kaplan 《American journal of human genetics》1992,51(4):736-740
We report DNA and clinical analyses of cystic fibrosis (CF) in two previously unstudied, genetically isolated populations: Pueblo and Navajo Native Americans. Direct mutation analysis of six mutations of the CFTR gene--namely, delta F508, G542X, G551D, R553X, N1303K, and W1282X--was performed on PCR-amplified genomic DNA extracted from blood samples. Haplotype analyses with marker/enzyme pairs XV2c/TaqI and KM19/PstI were performed as well. Of the 12 affected individuals studied, no delta F508 mutation was detected; only one G542X mutation was found. None of the other mutations was detected. All affected individuals have either an AA, AC, or CC haplotype, except for the one carrying the G542X mutation, who has the haplotype AB. Clinically, six of the affected individuals examined exhibit growth deficiency, and five (all from the Zuni Pueblo) have a severe CF phenotype. Four of the six Zunis with CF are also microcephalic, a finding not previously noted in CF patients. Our DNA data have serious implications for risk assessment of CF carrier status for these people. 相似文献
54.
Sarah L. Roberts-Oehlschlager James M. Dunwell 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1990,20(3):235-240
A period of four days preincubation at 25 °C on a medium containing mannitol was found to be superior to those pretreatments requiring incubation at 4 °C. In addition, the yield of green plants was improved by orienting anthers flat on the medium during mannitol preincubation, and reducing the number of anthers cultured per dish. 相似文献
55.
Toshimitsu Okeda Yasushi Yokogawa Hiroaki Ueo Mary A. Bury Paul O. P. Ts'o Sarah A. Bruce 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1990,26(12):1157-1166
Summary Primary cultures of 9-d-gestation Syrian hamster embryo (E9) cells are distinct from primary cultures of later gestational
age in terms of their growth and differentiation. First, primary E9 cell cultures express multiple mesenchymal differentiation
lineages (e.g., adipocyte, myoblast) only rarely seen in cultures of 13-d-gestation fetal (F13) cells. Second, although most
primary E9 cultures have a limited in vitro proliferative life span and exhibit cellular senescence similar to primary cultures
of F13 cells, E9 cultures seem to have higher frequency of escape from senescence and conversion to continuous cell lines
compared to F13 cells. Moreover, this frequency can be further increased 4- to 5-fold by continuous exposure of the E9 cells
to tumor promoters or epidermal growth factor. Eleven continuous cell lines have been isolated from unreated, promoter-treated,
or epidermal growth factor-treated primary E9 cultures. Seven of these are neoplastic or preneoplastic. However, the remaining
four do not show any evidence of being in neoplastic progression and three of these continue to express the same differentiated
phenotype observed in ther parental primary cell cultures.
These studies were supported in part by grants from the National Institutes of Health (AG 01998), Bethesda, MD, and the U.S.
Department of Energy (DE-A-C02-76-EVO-3280), Washington, DC. 相似文献
56.
57.
J. Laybourn-Parry Mark R. James Diane M. McKnight John Priscu Sarah A. Spaulding Russell Shiel 《Polar Biology》1996,17(1):54-61
Samples collected from Lake Fryxell, southern Victoria Land, Antarctica in January 1992 and 1994 were analysed for the abundance
of bacterioplankton and the diversity and abundance of protistan plankton. At the times of sampling, 14 ciliate species and
10 species of autotrophic flagellate were recorded. The samples contained two species of rotifer (Philodina spp.), which formed the first record of planktonic metazoans in the Dry Valley lakes of this region of Antarctica. Bacterial
concentrations ranged between 1.0 and 3.8×108 l-1 in the upper oxic waters increasing to 20×108 l-1 in the anoxic waters. Heterotrophic flagellates decreased in abundance down the oxygenated water column, disappearing completely
at 9 m, and ranged between 0.28 and 7.39×105 l-1 in abundance. Autotrophic flagellates were much more abundant exhibiting a number of distinct peaks down the water column
(1.89–25.3×108 l-1). The ciliated protozoa were very abundant (up to 7720 l-1) in relation to flagellate and bacterial numbers, typical of oligotrophic lakes world-wide. The distribution of the protistan
plankton showed marked zonation, probably in response to the differing salinity and temperature gradients in the water column.
Possible trophic interactions are discussed and comparisons with other continental Antarctic lakes made.
Received: 29 November 1995/Accepted: 18 February 1996 相似文献
58.
Harold Gouzoules Sarah Gouzoules Kimran Miller 《International journal of primatology》1996,17(4):549-568
Signalers that misinform sufficiently open may become devalued as sources of information; however, “skepticism” and any comparison
involved in testing reliability entail a cost that involves delays and energy expenditure. Skepticism may be less costly though,
if, as a rule, animals are not equally skeptical of the signals of all conspecifics. Animals with the ability to recognize
individual conspecifics and to recall past encounters with them may have the capacity to restrict skepticism to subsets of
animals that are most likely to benefit from deception. We played tape-recorded alarm calls of high- and low-ranking rhesus
monkeys(Macaca mulatta) to their groups in a feeding context once daily over 8 consecutive days at the Yerkes Primate Center Field Station. Over
the sequence of playbacks, response was greater to the calls of high-ranking monkeys, adult response patterns were different
from those of juveniles, and for adults especially, decline in responsiveness was punctuated by partial resurgences of response.
These differences may be the consequence of the adults’ more extensive histories of interaction with group members that, though
generally reliable, vary with respect to the potential benefits of deceptive signaling. 相似文献
59.
60.
Susan M. Rankin Sarah K. Storm Dana L. Pieto Andrea L. Risser 《Journal of Insect Behavior》1996,9(1):85-103
The expression and maintenance of maternal behavior in the earwig,Euborellia annulipes, was examined through manipulation of clutch size, age, and species and through observations of interactions between brooding females. Females underwent discrete gonadotrophic cycles culminating in oviposition of first clutches that were highly variable in size. Neither the head capsule width nor the age of the mother was correlated with clutch size. Maternal care extended through embryogenesis and for the week following hatching. Clutch removal significantly shortened the interclutch interval, indicating that the presence of brood inhibited the onset of the second gonadotrophic cycle. Brooding females readily accepted replacement clutches of the same age. Thus, mothers did not appear to distinguish their own eggs from those of other females. Experimental doubling of clutch size did not significantly reduce the proportion hatching or fledging. In contrast, reducing clutch size diminished the percentage successfully fledging. Manipulation of clutch age resulted in reduced hatching/fledging success. Placing two females, each with newly laid clutches, in the same cage usually resulted in egg transfer from the nest of one female to that of the other within 12 h. Nests of females with larger forceps were significantly more likely to contain both clutches. When mothers with first clutches were paired with mothers with third clutches, eggs were more likely to be transferred to the nest of the older female.E. annulipes females with newly laid clutches appeared to accept as replacement clutches eggs of the earwigDoru taeniatum. Alien clutches were maintained for the typical duration of embryogenesis; however, noD. taeniatum hatchlings were observed. 相似文献