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81.
Communicated by R. N. Beachy 相似文献
82.
Jorge Zorzopulos Sara DeLong Virginia Chapman Lloyd M. Kozloff 《Journal of cellular biochemistry》1982,18(3):363-375
The characteristics of pure preparations of short-tail fibers of bacteriophage T4 have been studied in the optical and electron microscope. Three main structures were observed: 1) spheres of 8.1 nm diameter; 2) fibers 43 nm long and 3.8 nm thick; and 3) fibers 54 nm long and 3.2 nm thick. Both types of fibers exhibited a regular beaded appearance. The 43-nm fibers were the most abundant structure. During the process of purification of the short-tail fibers, the formation of aggregates was observed each time the material containing the short-tail fibers was dialyzed against saline solutions. These aggregates became increasingly fibrous (as observed in the optical microscope) as the material used was increasingly enriched in short-tail fibers. Finally, most of the aggregates were of the fibrous type when they were formed from a purified preparation of short-tail fibers. In the electron microscope, it was found that the filamentous aggregates were organized in well-defined bundles. The amino acid composition of the highly purified short-tail fibers was also determined. Among the known fibrous proteins, the ones that most resemble the amino acid composition of the short-tail fibers are actin and fibrinogen. These observations are discussed in relation to the T4 short-tail fiber structure and their localization on the hexagonal baseplate of the T4 tail structure. 相似文献
83.
Endogeneous levels of zinc and copper were found to be 1.2±0.1×10−2 and 0.3±0.1×10−2 μg/A260 unit, respectively, in polysomal fractions from control animals; cadmium, however, was undetectable. In experimental
animals (injected with cadmium) zinc, copper, and cadmium were found in polysomal fractions isolated by two different methods.
One hour after a cadmium injection there was a rise in both the zinc and copper content of the polysomal fractions, which
then declined steadily to below control levels by 16 h. Neither zinc nor cadmium were dialyzable from these fractions by a
TRIS buffer; however, addition of 0.01M EDTA to the buffer resulted in removal of 75% of the zinc and all of the detectable cadmium.
The addition of cadmium (CdCl2) to control supernatants (adjusted to the cadmium concentration present in supernatants 6 h after in vivo exposure) resulted
in metal binding to polysomal fractions in levels comparable to those observed after in vivo exposures to the metal. When
cadmium was added in the form of cadmium thionein, a smaller fraction of the metal was isolated with the polysomal fraction.
Cadmium bound to polysomal fractions in vivo (24 h after exposure) was sensitive to release by protease digestion, but insensitive
to release by ribonuclease digestion. 相似文献
84.
Marker rescue transformation by linear plasmid DNA in Bacillus subtilis 总被引:21,自引:0,他引:21
Although plasmid-free Bacillus subtilis cannot be transformed for markers carried by linear or nicked plasmid DNA, a resident plasmid can rescue a marker on such damaged DNA under certain conditions. Linearized chimeric plasmid DNA has been used to transform cultures carrying a resident plasmid which is homologous with a portion of the donor. This system has revealed the following properties of the marker rescue process: (1) It is recE dependent. (2) It requires the presence in the resident plasmid of sequences which are homologous to the donor. (3) When the selected marker is on a nonhomologous segment it must be flanked by segments which are homologous to the resident plasmid. (4) The efficiency of rescue varies in a regular way with the position of the linearizing cut. (5) Marker rescue is first order with respect to DNA concentration. These properties and other data are interpreted as providing a strong indication that marker rescue occurs by recombination, although an alternative explanation involving recE-dependent recircularization of the donor plasmid has not been eliminated. Our results also suggest that if the major pathway of marker rescue is by recombination, an average of 0.15 Mdal (single strand) must be removed from each donor DNA molecule or otherwise rendered unavailable for recombination and that the exchange frequency during transformational recombination is approximately 0.2 to 0.5 Mdal−1. 相似文献
85.
86.
The existence of two types of binding sites for ouabain in human erythrocyte membranes is described. Receptor sites designated as ‘type I’, which may be identical to the K+-insensitive sites of intact cells, were detected at concentrations of ouabain as low as 10−7 M. The ‘type II’ receptor sites require the inclusion of Mg2+ + Pi to form complexes with ouabain; they may be identical to the K+-sensitive sites of intact cells. These sites were saturated at approx. 5 · 10−7 M ouabain but could not be detected at higher concentrations. The range of ouabain concentrations at which ‘type I’ receptors start to predominate (i.e. 5 · 10−8–5 · 10−7 M) was termed ‘critical digitalis concentrations’. The process of binding reached equilibrium within 1 and 4 h for ‘type I’ and ‘type II’ sites, respectively. The dissociation constant for ‘type II’ receptor-ouabain complexes was 7.6 · 10−9 M.Under similar experimental conditions, rat erythrocyte membranes exhibited only non-saturable sites.Alterations in the proportions of the two types of receptors were demonstrated by preincubation of the membranes, in the presence or absence of Mg2+ + Pi, prior to the addition of ouabain. In the first case, ‘type II receptor-ouabain’ complexes were stabilized at about 50% of the untreated membranes and ‘type I-ouabain’ complexes slowly approached equilibrium over a period of 24 h. In the latter instance, ‘type I’ receptors were not detected, and only ‘type II-ouabain’ complexes prevailed. 相似文献
87.
Labeled mevalonate is incorporated into terpenes and hop bitter compounds by Humulus lupulus. The role of mevalonate as a precursor for the prenyl (3-methyl-but-2-enyl) side chain of the hop bitter compounds is discussed. 相似文献
88.
Summary The innervation of the endometrium of rabbit, rat, mink, mongoose and pig has been investigated electron microscopically. Large bundles of nerve fibers can be observed in the connective tissue spaces within the basal layer of the endometrium. Unmyelinated nerve fibers enter the lamina functionalis, terminal nerve fibers penetrate the basal lamina and make contact with the glandular and the cavum epithelial cells. The terminal axons contain abundant synaptic vesicles, dense core vesicles and mitochondria. To date, no specialized presynaptic or postsynaptic membranes have been found.Supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Bonn-Bad Godesberg (Grants Ku 210/5 and Be 524/4).Dedicated to Prof. Dr. Drs. h.c. Wolfgang Bargmann on his 70th birthday in friendship and admiration. 相似文献
89.
The concentration of prostaglandins of the E-group (PGE) and F-group (PGF) and the activity of prostaglandin-synthetase in rat ovaries increased on the evening of the day of proestrus and reached a peak at 5.00 h on the following morning, i.e. about the time of ovulation. Enzyme activity and PG concentrations receded to basal levels by 10.00 h on the day of estrus. These changes were prevented when the proestrous gonadotropin surge was blocked by administration of nembutal, and could be restored by administration of either LH or of FSH freed of LH contamination. The spontaneous preovulatory rise in prostaglandin concentration was about 6-fold for PGF and 30-fold for PGE, compared with values observed during the remainder of the cycle, whereas the rise in prostaglandin synthetase activity was only about 1.7-fold. The LH effect on PG accumulation had a latency of 2–4 h, which argues for enzyme synthesis rather than activation of preformed enzyme as the mechanism responsible. The small magnitude of the change in enzymic activity suggests that LH may, in addition, augment the availability of PG precursors. The results are compatible with the concept that prostaglandins play a physiological role in the gonadotropin-induced process of follicular rupture. 相似文献