全文获取类型
收费全文 | 965篇 |
免费 | 40篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 5篇 |
2022年 | 10篇 |
2021年 | 27篇 |
2020年 | 15篇 |
2019年 | 18篇 |
2018年 | 27篇 |
2017年 | 26篇 |
2016年 | 40篇 |
2015年 | 49篇 |
2014年 | 56篇 |
2013年 | 110篇 |
2012年 | 113篇 |
2011年 | 95篇 |
2010年 | 49篇 |
2009年 | 38篇 |
2008年 | 55篇 |
2007年 | 68篇 |
2006年 | 53篇 |
2005年 | 34篇 |
2004年 | 29篇 |
2003年 | 15篇 |
2002年 | 12篇 |
2001年 | 3篇 |
2000年 | 6篇 |
1999年 | 3篇 |
1998年 | 5篇 |
1997年 | 3篇 |
1996年 | 3篇 |
1995年 | 4篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 1篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 2篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 5篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
1968年 | 1篇 |
1967年 | 1篇 |
1962年 | 1篇 |
1957年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1007条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
21.
Shawn E. Yost Sandra Pastorino Sophie Rozenzhak Erin N. Smith Ying S. Chao Pengfei Jiang Santosh Kesari Kelly A. Frazer Olivier Harismendy 《PloS one》2013,8(2)
Recent advances in the ability to efficiently characterize tumor genomes is enabling targeted drug development, which requires rigorous biomarker-based patient selection to increase effectiveness. Consequently, representative DNA biomarkers become equally important in pre-clinical studies. However, it is still unclear how well these markers are maintained between the primary tumor and the patient-derived tumor models. Here, we report the comprehensive identification of somatic coding mutations and copy number aberrations in four glioblastoma (GBM) primary tumors and their matched pre-clinical models: serum-free neurospheres, adherent cell cultures, and mouse xenografts. We developed innovative methods to improve the data quality and allow a strict comparison of matched tumor samples. Our analysis identifies known GBM mutations altering PTEN and TP53 genes, and new actionable mutations such as the loss of PIK3R1, and reveals clear patient-to-patient differences. In contrast, for each patient, we do not observe any significant remodeling of the mutational profile between primary to model tumors and the few discrepancies can be attributed to stochastic errors or differences in sample purity. Similarly, we observe ∼96% primary-to-model concordance in copy number calls in the high-cellularity samples. In contrast to previous reports based on gene expression profiles, we do not observe significant differences at the DNA level between in vitro compared to in vivo models. This study suggests, at a remarkable resolution, the genome-wide conservation of a patient’s tumor genetics in various pre-clinical models, and therefore supports their use for the development and testing of personalized targeted therapies. 相似文献
22.
Nidhi Kapoor Santosh Pawar Tatiana D. Sirakova Chirajyoti Deb William L. Warren Pappachan E. Kolattukudy 《PloS one》2013,8(1)
Tuberculosis (TB) is responsible for death of nearly two million people in the world annually. Upon infection, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) causes formation of granuloma where the pathogen goes into dormant state and can live for decades before resuscitation to develop active disease when the immune system of the host is weakened and/or suppressed. In an attempt to better understand host-pathogen interactions, several groups have been developing in vitro models of human tuberculosis granuloma. However, to date, an in vitro granuloma model in which Mtb goes into dormancy and can subsequently resuscitate under conditions that mimic weakening of the immune system has not been reported. We describe the development of a biomimetic in vitro model of human tuberculosis granuloma using human primary leukocytes, in which the Mtb exhibited characteristics of dormant mycobacteria as demonstrated by (1) loss of acid-fastness, (2) accumulation of lipid bodies (3) development of rifampicin-tolerance and (4) gene expression changes. Further, when these micro granulomas were treated with immunosuppressant anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha monoclonal antibodies (anti-TNFα mAbs), resuscitation of Mtb was observed as has been found in humans. In this human in vitro granuloma model triacylglycerol synthase 1deletion mutant (Δtgs1) with impaired ability to accumulate triacylglycerides (TG), but not the complemented mutant, could not go into dormancy. Deletion mutant of lipY, with compromised ability to mobilize the stored TG, but not the complemented mutant, was unable to come out of dormancy upon treatment with anti-TNFα mAbs. In conclusion, we have developed an in vitro human tuberculosis granuloma model that largely exhibits functional features of dormancy and resuscitation observed in human tuberculosis. 相似文献
23.
Post-translational modification (PTM) of RNA binding proteins (RBPs) play a very important role in determining their binding to cognate RNAs and therefore regulate the downstream effects. Lysine can undergo various PTMs and thereby contribute to the regulation of different cellular processes. It can be reversibly acetylated and methylated using a pool of respective enzymes, to act as a switch for controlling the binding efficiency of RBPs. Here we have delineated the thermodynamic and kinetic effects of N-acetylation and N-monomethylation of lysine on interaction between HIV-1 TAR RNA and its cognate binder Tat peptide ( a model system). Our results indicate that acetylation of lysine 50 (K50), leads to eight- fold reduction in binding affinity, originating exclusively from entropy changes whereas, lysine 51 (K51) acetylation resulted only in three fold decrease with large enthalpy-entropy compensation. The measurement of kinetic parameters indicated major change (4.5 fold) in dissociation rate in case of K50 acetylation however, K51 acetylation showed similar effect on both association and dissociation rates. In contrast, lysine methylation did not affect the binding affinity of Tat peptide to TAR RNA at K50, nonetheless three fold enhancement in binding affinity was observed at K51 position. In spite of large enthalpy-entropy compensation, lysine methylation seems to have more pronounced position specific effect on the kinetic parameters. In case of K50 methylation, simultaneous increase was observed in the rate of association and dissociation leaving binding affinity unaffected. The increased binding affinity for methylated Tat at K51 stems from faster association rate with slightly slower dissociation rate. 相似文献
24.
25.
Savita Rani Sanjeev Kumar Syed Mudassir Jeelani Santosh Kumari Raghbir Chand Gupta 《Plant Systematics and Evolution》2013,299(9):1801-1807
Detailed male meiosis, critical morphological observations and distribution pattern of diploid as well as tetraploid cytotypes of the Western Himalayan species, Bupleurum lanceolatum have been evaluated at present. A diploid (n = 8) cytotype is reported from Kashmir, whereas, both diploid (n = 8) and tetraploid (n = 16) cytotypes are available from two districts Kangra and Sirmaur of Himachal Pradesh. Out of these, the tetraploid cytotype makes new addition for the species on a worldwide basis. As per behavior, a tetraploid cytotype is characterized by abnormal meiosis leading to high pollen sterility and size variation of the pollen grains. Morphologically, tetraploids are noted to be luxuriant in comparison to the diploids. 相似文献
26.
Syed Mudassir Jeelani Savita Rani Sanjeev Kumar Santosh Kumari Raghbir Chand Gupta 《Cytology and Genetics》2013,47(1):20-28
Cytological studies have been carried out on 12 species of Brassicaceae Burn. on population basis from different geographical areas of Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh in the Western Himalayas. Variable chromosome reports for Barbaraea intermedia (n = 16), Cardamine loxostemonoides (n = 8), Nasturtium officinale (n = 8), Sisymbrium orientale (n = 14) on world-wide basis have been added to the previous reports of these species. The chromosome numbers in seven species as Barbaraea intermedia (n = 8), B. vulgaris (n = 8), Capsella bursa-pastoris (n = 8), Descuriania Sophia (n = 10), Rorippa islandica (n = 8), Sisymbrium strictum (n = 7) and Thlaspi alpestre (n = 7) have been worked out for the first time from India. The meiotic course in the populations of seven species such as Barbaraea intermedia, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Coronopus didymus, Descuriania sophia, Nasturtium officinale, Sisymbrium orientale and S. strictum varies from normal to abnormal while all the populations of two species Barbaraea vulgaris and Sisymbrium irio show abnormal meiotic course. Meiotic abnormalities are in the form of cytomixis, chromosomal stickiness, unoriented bivalents, inter-bivalent connections, formation of laggards and bridges, all resulting into abnormal microsporogenesis. Heterogenous sized fertile pollen grains and reduced reproductive potentialities have invariably been observed in all the meiotically abnormal populations. However, the meiotic course in all the populations of Cardamine loxostemonoides, Rorippa islandica and Thalspi alpestre is found to be normal with high pollen fertility. 相似文献
27.
Mahesh S. Majik Deepak Naik Chinmay Bhat Santosh Tilve Supriya Tilvi Lisette D’Souza 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2013,23(8):2353-2356
(R)-Bgugaine is a natural pyrrolidine alkaloid from Arisarum vulgare, which shows antifungal and antibacterial activity. In this Letter, we have accomplished the simple synthesis of norbgugaine (demethylated form of natural bgugaine) employing Wittig olefination and cat. hydrogenation as the key steps and its biological studies are reported for the first time. The synthesized norbgugaine was evaluated for inhibition of quorum sensing mediated virulence factors (motility, biofilm formation, pyocyanin pigmentation, rhamnolipid production and LasA protease) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa wherein swarming motility is reduced by 95%, and biofilm formation by 83%. 相似文献
28.
Gunjan Arora Andaleeb Sajid Mary Diana Arulanandh Richa Misra Anshika Singhal Santosh Kumar Lalit K. Singh Abid R. Mattoo Rishi Raj Souvik Maiti Sharmila Basu-Modak Yogendra Singh 《Biometals》2013,26(5):715-730
Bacillus anthracis Ser/Thr protein kinase PrkC (BasPrkC) is important for virulence of the bacterium within the host. Homologs of PrkC and its cognate phosphatase PrpC (BasPrpC) are the most conserved mediators of signaling events in diverse bacteria. BasPrkC homolog in Bacillus subtilis regulates critical processes like spore germination and BasPrpC modulates the activity of BasPrkC by dephosphorylation. So far, biochemical and genetic studies have provided important insights into the roles of BasPrkC and BasPrpC; however, regulation of their activities is not known. We studied the regulation of BasPrkC/BasPrpC pair and observed that Zn2+ metal ions can alter their activities. Zn2+ promotes BasPrkC kinase activity while inhibits the BasPrpC phosphatase activity. Concentration of Zn2+ in growing B. anthracis cells was found to vary with growth phase. Zn2+ was found to be lowest in log phase cells while it was highest in spores. This variation in Zn2+ concentration is significant for understanding the antagonistic activities of BasPrkC/BasPrpC pair. Our results also show that BasPrkC activity is modulated by temperature changes and kinase inhibitors. Additionally, we identified Elongation Factor Tu (BasEf-Tu) as a substrate of BasPrkC/BasPrpC pair and assessed the impact of their regulation on BasEf-Tu phosphorylation. Based on these results, we propose Zn2+ as an important regulator of BasPrkC/BasPrpC mediated phosphorylation cascades. Thus, this study reveals additional means by which BasPrkC can be activated leading to autophosphorylation and substrate phosphorylation. 相似文献
29.
Murali Mohan Challa Santosh Kumar Sanivada Uma Devi Koduru 《Biocontrol Science and Technology》2013,23(10):1169-1185
Intracellular total soluble proteins of Beauveria bassiana are believed to play an important role in virulence against insect hosts. Thirty B. bassiana isolates collected from different geographical regions and host ranges were characterised by total soluble proteins present in cells, using the SDS–PAGE technique to differentiate the isolates based on virulence and host insect origin. In vitro analysis of total soluble protein profiles of 30 isolates was studied to understand the relationship of isolates with their host of origin and virulence against Helicoverpa armigera. There was a positive relationship between virulence and host origin. All the non-virulent isolates are grouped together. Similarly, highly virulent isolates against H. armigera were grouped together. The relationship between total soluble proteins and pathogenicity was positively correlated. Thirty isolates shared only 22% similarity in their protein profiles. 相似文献
30.
Polymorphisms in the IRGM gene, associated with Crohn disease (CD) and tuberculosis, are among the earliest identified examples documenting the role of autophagy in human disease. Functional studies have shown that IRGM protects against these diseases by modulating autophagy, yet the exact molecular mechanism of IRGM's activity has remained unknown. We have recently elucidated IRGM's mechanism of action. IRGM functions as a platform for assembling, stabilizing, and activating the core autophagic machinery, while at the same time physically coupling it to conventional innate immunity receptors. Exposure to microbial products or bacterial invasion increases IRGM expression, which leads to stabilization of AMPK. Specific protein-protein interactions and post-translational modifications such as ubiquitination of IRGM, lead to a co-assembly with IRGM of the key autophagy regulators ULK1 and BECN1 in their activated forms. IRGM physically interacts with 2 other CD risk factors, ATG16L1 and NOD2, placing these 3 principal players in CD within the same molecular complex. This explains how polymorphisms altering expression or function of any of the 3 factors individually can affect the same process—autophagy. Furthermore, IRGM's interaction with NOD2, and additional pattern recognition receptors such as NOD1, RIG-I, and select TLRs, transduces microbial signals to the core autophagy apparatus. This work solves the long-standing enigma of how IRGM controls autophagy. 相似文献