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61.
E. A. Santos R. Keller 《Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology》1993,163(5):374-379
The effects of glutamate, aspartate, glycine, proline, alanine, taurine, glycerol, glucose and lactate injections on the haemolymph levels of the crustancean hyperglycemic hormone and/or glucose and lactate in the shore crab, Carcinus maenas, were investigated. Only glucose and lactate caused significant changes of hyperglycaemic hormone levels. Glucose injections resulted in a drop of both hormone and lactate, while lactate had an opposite effect, i.e. it raised both crustacean hormone and glucose levels. The results suggest that during increases in glycolytic flux, lactate may cause a release of hormone by a positive feedback mechanism. The hormone would then stimulate glycogenolysis, thus increasing glucose availability. If more glucose is released than is metabolized, excess glucose may leak from the cells and suppress crustancean hyperglycemic hormone release from the X-organ/sinus gland complex by negative feedback.Abbreviations ABTS
2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline sulphonic acid)
- ANOVA
one-way analysis of variance
- BSA
bovine serum albumin
- BW
body weight
- CHH
crustacean hyperglycemic hormone
- ELISA
cnzyme-liked immunosorbent assay
- GIH
gonadinhibiting hormone
- IgG
immunoglobin G
- MIH
moult-inhibiting hormone
- MTGXO
medulla terminalis X-organ
- PB
sodium phosphate buffer
- PBS
phosphate buffered saline
- Pi
inorganic phosphate
- XO-SG
X-organ-sinus gland complex 相似文献
62.
L. M. Freitas dos Santos A. G. Livingston 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》1993,40(1):151-157
The biological treatment of waste-waters containing 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) in conventional bioreactors results in air-stripping of DCE. In the present work, a novel bioreactor system intended to overcome this problem has been developed for the treatment of a synthetically concocted DCE-containing waste-water (1000 mg DCE l–1). The operation of a conventional air-lift bioreactor at a waste-water flow rate of 0.24 l h–1 led to 33% of the DCE supplied to the reactor being lost to the exit gas stream. The use of the novel enclosed system, operated with a recycling O2 sparge instead of air, resulted in negligible air-stripping at the same waste-water flow rate. A control system was implemented to add O2 as required to maintain the pressure of the recycle gas stream, and a scrubber removed the CO2 produced. Over 99% of DCE supplied was biodegraded during operation of this system, and virtually all carbon entering the system was evolved as CO2.
Correspondence to: A. G. Livingston
Correspondence to: A. G. Livingston 相似文献
63.
M. Diez M. M. Jiménez J. L. Santos 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1993,87(1-2):17-21
In order to elucidate the possible effects of rye B chromosomes (Bs) on synapsis and metaphase-I associations of the A set, a comparative study between pachytene and metaphase-I-cells of rye plants carrying different numbers of Bs (0–8) has been carried out. The number of Bs was found to be positively correlated with the frequency of synaptic irregularities of the A set, i.e. multivalents and foldback pairing, and with the frequency of pachytene interlockings. It is proposed that interlockings are the origin of these irregularities because both appeared in close proximity in many nuclei. Examples of A-B pairing are described. The frequency of synaptic abnormalities seems to be unrelated to the mean of A chromosome-bound arms at metaphase I. 相似文献
64.
The effects of four exogenous amino acids (proline, glycine, asparagine and serine) on the production of maize embryogenic callus and on its endogenous amino acid content have been investigated. For this purpose, an established embryogenic line of Type 1 callus from the inbred W64Ao2 has been used. From the results it may be concluded that a concentration of proline exceeding 6 mM is negative for the production of embryogenic callus. When proline is eliminated from the medium, other amino acids tested in certain concentrations yield a percentage of embryogenic callus production that exceeds or equals that of proline. The endogenous free proline content in embryogenic callus is significantly higher than that in non-embryogenic callus regardless of proline presence in the medium. The only exception are the glycine-containing media, in which endogenous free alanine of embryogenic callus increases at the expense of endogenous free proline. This study suggest a positive role of endogenous free proline or alanine accumulation in the embryogenic callus production which might be related to an adaptation to the metabolic changes produced by in vitro culture and embryogenesis induction. Furthermore, these results indicate that treatments with amino acids that are different from proline can be used to improve the efficiency of embryogenic callus production from well established maize callus cultures.Abbreviations Ala
alanine
- Asn
asparagine
- 2,4-d
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- EC
embryogenic callus
- nEC
non-embryogenic callus
- Gaba
gamma-aminobutyric acid
- Glu
glutamic acid
- Gly
glycine
- Pro
proline
- Ser
serine 相似文献
65.
66.
Comparison of glucose fermentation by suspended and gel-entrapped yeast cells: An in vivo nuclear magnetic resonance study 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance ((31)P NMR) was used to compare the anaerobic metabolism of glucose by suspended and gel-entrapped Saccharomyces bayanus cells. The fermentation of glucose was carried out in a reaction system with continuous circulation through the NMR sample tube. The intracellular pH and the levels of some phosphorylated compounds were the levels of some phosphorylated compounds were noninvasively monitored by (31)P NMR while glucose, fermentation products, and biomass were determined by analytic techniques comparisons showed that no significant differences are observed in the relative concentrations in the spectra, but distinct profiles for the variation of both intracellular and extracellular pH are found. The internal pH of immobilized cells is maintained at a constant value throughout the fermentation as opposed to freely suspended cells for which a steady decrease in the internal pH occurs. A faster and stronger acidification is also observed in the external medium of the assays with suspended cells. Furthermore, higher yields for ethanol and biomass production and lower yields of fermentation by-products are obtained with immobilized cells. It is concluded that the higher intracellular pH achieved in the presence of the gel matrix had a regulatory effect on the metabolism which favored the ethanol production pathway. (c) 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
67.
Amanda dos Santos Marina Tenório Botelho Willian Reina Joviano Vicente Gomes José Roberto Machado Cunha da Silva Gisela de Aragão Umbuzeiro 《Invertebrate Biology》2023,142(1):e12394
Hemocytes are circulating blood cells that play a crucial function in amphipods and other crustacean immune systems. The hemocytes of the marine tropical amphipod Parhyale hawaiensis have been used for the evaluation of DNA damage and micronuclei, but they have not been characterized in the scientific literature. The aim of this study was to describe the hemolymph cells of P. hawaiensis and study their phagocytotic activity. Basic dyes were used to differentiate the cell types and the presence of lipids. The total hemocyte counts (THCs) and the proportion and sizes of the hemocyte types were determined. Hemolymph was exposed to Escherichia coli for verification of the presence of phagocytosis. Three cell types, all containing lipids, were identified in P. hawaiensis: granulocytes (oval shape, 13.4 × 7.6 μm), semi-granulocytes (oval shape, 14.1 × 7.2 μm), and hyalinocytes (round shape, 9.6 × 7.2 μm). Those three cell types were found in different percentages in males (64.8%, 31.1%, and 4.2%) and females (70.1%, 28.2%, and 1.7%). THCs for males were 9007 ± 3800 cells per individual and 4695 ± 1892 cells per individual for females. The cells of E. coli were phagocytized by the hemocytes. Our findings increased the knowledge of hemocytes in P. hawaiensis and is a step forward in using hemocyte-based immune responses as an endpoint in ecotoxicology. 相似文献
68.
Aleksandra Marconi Cassandra Zie Yang Samuel McKay M. Emília Santos 《Evolution & development》2023,25(2):170-193
The cichlid fishes comprise the largest extant vertebrate family and are the quintessential example of rapid “explosive” adaptive radiations and phenotypic diversification. Despite low genetic divergence, East African cichlids harbor a spectacular intra- and interspecific morphological diversity, including the hyper-variable, neural crest (NC)-derived traits such as coloration and craniofacial skeleton. Although the genetic and developmental basis of these phenotypes has been investigated, understanding of when, and specifically how early, in ontogeny species-specific differences emerge, remains limited. Since adult traits often originate during embryonic development, the processes of embryogenesis could serve as a potential source of species-specific variation. Consequently, we designed a staging system by which we compare the features of embryogenesis between three Malawi cichlid species—Astatotilapia calliptera, Tropheops sp. ‘mauve’ and Rhamphochromis sp. “chilingali”—representing a wide spectrum of variation in pigmentation and craniofacial morphologies. Our results showed fundamental differences in multiple aspects of embryogenesis that could underlie interspecific divergence in adult adaptive traits. First, we identified variation in the somite number and signatures of temporal variation, or heterochrony, in the rates of somite formation. The heterochrony was also evident within and between species throughout ontogeny, up to the juvenile stages. Finally, the identified interspecific differences in the development of pigmentation and craniofacial cartilages, present at the earliest stages of their overt formation, provide compelling evidence that the species-specific trajectories begin divergence during early embryogenesis, potentially during somitogenesis and NC development. Altogether, our results expand our understanding of fundamental cichlid biology and provide new insights into the developmental origins of vertebrate morphological diversity. 相似文献
69.
Paula Tatiana Lopes Seixas Antonio Jacinto Demuner Luiz Claudio Almeida Barbosa Cristiane Isaac Cerceau Daiane Einhardt Blank Marcelo Henrique Dos Santos Elizeu de Sá Farias Marcelo Coutinho Picanço 《Journal of Applied Entomology》2023,147(2):116-125
Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae) is a vector for serious diseases in tropical regions. This pest is mainly controlled by commercial larvicides but the application of such products has led to environmental problems. Essential oils (EO) have been consistently reported as molecules with insecticidal activity and can be used to produce more environmentally friendly larvicides in the control of A. aegypti. In this study, the larvicidal effect of essential oils (EO) from the leaves of three Artemisia species was evaluated against A. aegypti. The oils were obtained from steam distillation and their chemical composition was determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The EO of Artemisia camphorata was the most active in the screening bioassay and presented LC50 and LC95 of 64.95 and 74.18 μg ml−1, respectively. In addition, we found that germacrene D-4-ol was the constituent responsible for the toxicity of this EO. Artemisia camphorata EO and its major constituent, germacrene D-4-ol, are promising for the development of natural larvicides against A. aegypti. 相似文献
70.