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21.
Sommer Frank; Hansen Thomas; Feuchtmayr Heidrun; Santer Barbara; Tokle Nils; Sommer Ulrich 《Journal of plankton research》2003,25(7):869-871
In a mesocosm study, the appendicularian Oikopleura dioica bloomedafter the reduction of copepod abundance, and in a second treatmentshowed a significantly negative correlation with copepod densities.Calculations, together with field data from the Baltic Sea,suggest that common calanoid copepods may control appendicularianpopulation dynamics. 相似文献
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Following analysis of the serum of the blood of the plaice ( Pleuronectes platessa L.), a Ringer solution specific for this fish has been devised and tested. It has proved a satisfactory physiological saline for use in electrophysiological experiments and in the preparative procedures for electron microscopy. 相似文献
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Rodrigo H. Willemart Roger D. Santer Andrew J. Spence Eileen A. Hebets 《Journal of Ethology》2011,29(1):177-180
Solifugids (Arachnida, Solifugae) have unique evertable adhesive organs on the tips of their pedipalps, named ‘suctorial’
or ‘palpal’ organs. Previous studies have shown that these organs enable solifugids to climb smooth glass-like surfaces and
have hypothesized that these structures facilitate prey capture. Here, we use high-speed videography to demonstrate that the
suctorial organs of Eremochelis bilobatus are its primary means of capturing insect prey. We also present calculations of the adhesive pressure exerted by these suctorial
organs during real prey capture events. 相似文献
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Adrian Egli Deanna M. Santer Daire O'Shea Khaled Barakat Mohammedyaseen Syedbasha Madeleine Vollmer Aliyah Baluch Rakesh Bhat Jody Groenendyk Michael A. Joyce Luiz F. Lisboa Brad S. Thomas Manuel Battegay Nina Khanna Thomas Mueller D. Lorne J. Tyrrell Michael Houghton Atul Humar Deepali Kumar 《PLoS pathogens》2014,10(12)
Influenza is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in immunosuppressed persons, and vaccination often confers insufficient protection. IL-28B, a member of the interferon (IFN)-λ family, has variable expression due to single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). While type-I IFNs are well known to modulate adaptive immunity, the impact of IL-28B on B- and T-cell vaccine responses is unclear. Here we demonstrate that the presence of the IL-28B TG/GG genotype (rs8099917, minor-allele) was associated with increased seroconversion following influenza vaccination (OR 1.99 p = 0.038). Also, influenza A (H1N1)-stimulated T- and B-cells from minor-allele carriers showed increased IL-4 production (4-fold) and HLA-DR expression, respectively. In vitro, recombinant IL-28B increased Th1-cytokines (e.g. IFN-γ), and suppressed Th2-cytokines (e.g. IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13), H1N1-stimulated B-cell proliferation (reduced 70%), and IgG-production (reduced>70%). Since IL-28B inhibited B-cell responses, we designed antagonistic peptides to block the IL-28 receptor α-subunit (IL28RA). In vitro, these peptides significantly suppressed binding of IFN-λs to IL28RA, increased H1N1-stimulated B-cell activation and IgG-production in samples from healthy volunteers (2-fold) and from transplant patients previously unresponsive to vaccination (1.4-fold). Together, these findings identify IL-28B as a key regulator of the Th1/Th2 balance during influenza vaccination. Blockade of IL28RA offers a novel strategy to augment vaccine responses. 相似文献
28.
VLJ Whitehall TD Dumenil DM McKeone CE Bond ML Bettington RL Buttenshaw L Bowdler GW Montgomery LF Wockner BA Leggett 《Epigenetics》2014,9(11):1454-1460
The CpG Island Methylator Phenotype (CIMP) is fundamental to an important subset of colorectal cancer; however, its cause is unknown. CIMP is associated with microsatellite instability but is also found in BRAF mutant microsatellite stable cancers that are associated with poor prognosis. The isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) gene causes CIMP in glioma due to an activating mutation that produces the 2-hydroxyglutarate oncometabolite. We therefore examined IDH1 alteration as a potential cause of CIMP in colorectal cancer. The IDH1 mutational hotspot was screened in 86 CIMP-positive and 80 CIMP-negative cancers. The entire coding sequence was examined in 81 CIMP-positive colorectal cancers. Forty-seven cancers varying by CIMP-status and IDH1 mutation status were examined using Illumina 450K DNA methylation microarrays. The R132C IDH1 mutation was detected in 4/166 cancers. All IDH1 mutations were in CIMP cancers that were BRAF mutant and microsatellite stable (4/45, 8.9%). Unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis identified an IDH1 mutation-like methylation signature in approximately half of the CIMP-positive cancers. IDH1 mutation appears to cause CIMP in a small proportion of BRAF mutant, microsatellite stable colorectal cancers. This study provides a precedent that a single gene mutation may cause CIMP in colorectal cancer, and that this will be associated with a specific epigenetic signature and clinicopathological features. 相似文献
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Jack?A?TuszynskiEmail author Philip?Winter Diana?White Chih-Yuan?Tseng Kamlesh?K?Sahu Francesco?Gentile Ivana?Spasevska Sara?Ibrahim?Omar Niloofar?Nayebi Cassandra?DM?Churchill Mariusz?Klobukowski Rabab?M?Abou?El-Magd 《Theoretical biology & medical modelling》2014,11(1):52
A variety of topics are reviewed in the area of mathematical and computational modeling in biology, covering the range of scales from populations of organisms to electrons in atoms. The use of maximum entropy as an inference tool in the fields of biology and drug discovery is discussed. Mathematical and computational methods and models in the areas of epidemiology, cell physiology and cancer are surveyed. The technique of molecular dynamics is covered, with special attention to force fields for protein simulations and methods for the calculation of solvation free energies. The utility of quantum mechanical methods in biophysical and biochemical modeling is explored. The field of computational enzymology is examined. 相似文献
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Noori Choi Matt Adams Kasey Fowler-Finn Elise Knowlton Malcolm Rosenthal Aaron Rundus Roger D. Santer Dustin Wilgers Eileen A. Hebets 《Biology letters》2022,18(5)
The evolution of complex signals has often been explored by testing multiple functional hypotheses regarding how independent signal components provide selective benefits to offset the costs of their production. In the present study, we take a different approach by exploring the function of complexity per se. We test the hypothesis that increased vibratory signal complexity—based on both proportional and temporal patterning—provides selective benefits to courting male Schizocosa stridulans wolf spiders. In support of this hypothesis, all of our quantified metrics of vibratory signal complexity predicted the mating success of male S. stridulans. The rate of visual signalling, which is mechanistically tied to vibratory signal production, was also associated with mating success. We additionally found evidence that males can dynamically adjust the complexity of their vibratory signalling. Together, our results suggest that complexity per se may be a target of female choice. 相似文献