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81.
Plants have developed innate immune systems to fight against pathogenic fungi by monitoring pathogenic signals known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) and have established endo symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi through recognition of mycorrhizal (Myc) factors. Chitin elicitor receptor kinase 1 of Oryza sativa subsp. Japonica (OsCERK1) plays a bifunctional role in mediating both chitin-triggered immunity and symbiotic relationships with AM fungi. However, it remains unclear whether OsCERK1 can directly recognize chitin molecules. In this study, we show that OsCERK1 binds to the chitin hexamer ((NAG)6) and tetramer ((NAG)4) directly and determine the crystal structure of the OsCERK1-(NAG)6 complex at 2 Å. The structure shows that one OsCERK1 is associated with one (NAG)6. Upon recognition, chitin hexamer binds OsCERK1 by interacting with the shallow groove on the surface of LysM2. These structural findings, complemented by mutational analyses, demonstrate that LysM2 is crucial for recognition of both (NAG)6 and (NAG)4. Altogether, these findings provide structural insights into the ability of OsCERK1 in chitin perception, which will lead to a better understanding of the role of OsCERK1 in mediating both immunity and symbiosis in rice. 相似文献
82.
The gene (alyVI) encoding an alginate lyase of marine bacterium Vibrio sp. QY101, which was isolated from a decaying thallus of Laminaria, was cloned using a strategy of combined degenerate PCR and long range-inverse PCR (LR-IPCR), then sequenced and expressed in Escherichia coli. Gene alyVI was composed of a 1014 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 338 amino acid residues. The calculated molecular mass of alyVI product is 38.4 kDa, but a signal peptide is cleaved off, leaving a mature protein of 34 kDa. AlyVI was purified from culture supernatants to electrophoretic homogeneity using affinity chromatography. AlyVI was most active at pH 7.5 and 40 degrees C in the presence of 1 mM ZnCl2. A nine-amino-acid consensus region (YXRESLREM), which was only found in polyguluronate lyases, was also observed in the amino-terminal region of AlyVI. However, AlyVI could degrade both M block and G block. These results indicate that a novel alginate lyase-encoding gene has been cloned. 相似文献
83.
The anatomy of the arthropod Squamacula clypeata Hou and Bergström, 1997 from the Lower Cambrian Chengjiang Lagersta¨tte is redescribed based on four newly excavated specimens. The new material was collected from localities recently discovered in the Kunming area, Yunnan Province, south-west China, and preserves remarkable details of the ventral morphology, revealed by preparation. Squamacula clypeata is dorsoventrally flattened and rounded in outline. The cephalon was covered by a wide, short shield, with a large doublure and a pair of uniramous antennae on the ventral side. The thorax consists of nine somites, each protected by a tergite and carrying at least one pair of biramous limbs. The pygidium is covered with a small rounded tergum. The endopod is segmented, equipped with short spines on the inner margin of the coxa and a claw-like structure distally, and the exopod flap-like, fringed with setae. The limbs in the pygidium are like those in the thorax in shape. Squamacula was most probably a nektobenthic predator. The spinose endopod could walk, grasp and grind. The large flap-like exopod was adapted for swimming and respiration. Its affinities lie with the Arachnomorpha, but the relationships with other known taxa remain ambiguous. 相似文献
84.
Byoung K. Choi Kwan H. Han Tea Y. Park 《Flexible Services and Manufacturing Journal》1996,8(2):159-182
Presented in the article is a method for constructing a graphical model of an FMS by using a new modeling tool called JR-net (Job Resource relation-net). JR-net is an object-oriented graphical tool for modeling automated manufacturing systems (AMSs), such as FMSs, FASs, and AS/RSs. As with the object-oriented modeling paradigm of Rumbaugh et al. (1991), the JR-net modeling framework supports the three stages of models: static layout model (object model); job flow model (functional model); and supervisory control model (dynamic model). In this article, the existing JR-net structure (Park 1992, Han et al., 1995) is extended further to make it a graphical tool for FMS modeling. Using the extended JR-net, a step-by-step procedure for constructing a graphical model of FMSs is presented. Also addressed are issues of classifying FMSs in terms of their generic functions and of utilizing the JR-net model of FMSs. 相似文献
85.
生长特性差别的胃癌MGC803细胞亚系间细胞骨架、细胞通讯与癌基因表达的比较研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
肿瘤细胞表型差异是临床药物敏感性、抗原性、转移性、潜伏性和进展速度等差异的主要原因。为了弄清恶性表型差别的表现、相关性及调节机理、我们从胃癌MGC 803系分离了单细胞亚系,各亚系按克隆过程的时间差别归纳分组,选快组M 17、中组M 6和慢组M 3进行比较。软琼脂生长实验表明三者的恶性程度有显著差别;M17恶性度最高,M3最低,M6居中。与其它表型联系比较,证明细胞生长速度、细胞微丝、微管骨架破坏及细胞通讯功能抑制都与锚着不依赖性生长的恶性特征有平行相关性。同时,M 17和M 3原癌基因表达有明显差别。 相似文献
86.
Gejiao Wang Stefano Castiglione Ying Chen Ling Li Yifan Han Yingchuan Tian Dean W. Gabriel Yinong Han Kequiang Mang Francesco Sala 《Transgenic research》1996,5(5):289-301
Insect-resistant poplar (Populus nigra L.) plants have been produced by infecting leaves withAgrobacterium tumefaciens strains carrying a binary vector containing different truncated forms of aBacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) toxin gene under a duplicated CaMV 35S promoter. Putative transgenic plants were propagated by cuttings at two experimental farms (in Beijing and Xinjiang, China). At 2–3 years after transformation, 17 of them were selected on the bases of insect-tolerance and good silvicultural traits, and evaluated for insect resistance, for the presence of theB.t. toxin DNA fragment (Southern blots and PCR) and for the expression of the transgene (western and northern blots). Somaclonal variation, as suggested by the appearance of permanent changes in the shape of the leaves, was also investigated with molecular tools (RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism), RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) and microsatellite DNA).Bioassays withApochemia cineraius andLymantria dispar on the leaves of the selected clones showed different and, in some cases, high levels of insecticidal activity. The molecular analysis demonstrated integration and expression of the foreign gene. Somatic changes were correlated to extensive genomic changes and were quantified in dendrograms, in terms of genomic similarity. The analysis of control plants suggested that genomic changes were correlated to thein vitro culture step necessary forA. tumefaciens-mediated gene transfer, rather than to the integration of the foreign genes.Three transgenic clones (12, 153 and 192), selected for insect resistance, reduced morphological changes and promising silvicultural traits, are now under large-scale field evaluation in six different provinces in China. 相似文献
87.
本研究在离体大鼠肠系膜血管床灌流模型上,采用特异放免法测定灌流液中的降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP),观察几种常见炎症介质在内毒素引起CGRP释放中的作用。结果显示:前列腺素合成酶抑制剂地塞米松、布洛芬与消炎痛,缓激肽受体B2拮抗剂HOE140,血小板激活因子拮抗剂WEB2086,组胺H1受体拮抗剂苯海拉明以及和组胺H2受体拮抗剂西咪替丁,均能明显抑剂制内毒素引起的CGRP释放,5羟色胺受体拮抗剂ICS205930却无明显作用。从而提示:内毒素引起CGRP释放是通过炎症介质前列腺素、缓激肽、血小板激活因子和组胺介导的,阻断或减少炎症介质的产生可望减轻内毒素血症时CGRP的过量释放。 相似文献
88.
鸡胚血液中原始生殖细胞的分离及其培养的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
从孵化48~55小时鸡胚中抽取血液,每只胚胎可获血液2~6μl左右。一步法离心分离原始生殖细胞,可使其浓度由0.1%以下提高到50%以上。将多余血细胞用微量吸管移走后,加入添加10%胎牛血清的TCM—199做为培养基,37.5℃,5%CO2,95%空气,饱和湿度下培养,原始生殖细胞可成活24小时左右。 相似文献
89.
苦参中黄酮类化合物成分研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文对苦参EtOAc提取部分进行了分离,分得3个化合物,根据光谱数据分析鉴定为sophoraflavanone G(Ⅰ),忽布素(Ⅱ),β-谷甾醇(Ⅲ),其中化台物Ⅰ为首次自苦参中分离得到。 相似文献
90.
应用[~3H]TdR掺入离体培养大鼠肝细胞DNA的方法,测定由本室提取的pHSS的生物活性。结果表明,pHSS可显著促进原代培养大鼠肝细胞的DNA合成,其促进率约为对照组的10倍左右。培养液中血清浓度对pHSS的生物活性表达有显著影响,不同浓度血清可以使pHSS表现出不同的量效关系,这些结果在Buffello大鼠肝细胞系的实验中得到进一步证实。在低剂量pHSS的刺激下,不同年龄大鼠肝细胞的[~3H]TdR掺入率无显著差异。但高剂量时,pHSS对幼鼠作用不明显。 相似文献