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Twenty-three individuals from various disease groups and normal controls were identified by immunofixation with anti-C4, C4-dependent lysis, determination of Rg (Rodgers) and Ch (Chido) phenotypes, and immunoblotting with C4-specific mouse monoclonal antibody. We found that one haplotype predominates with the C4B * 5 allele, HLA-A11, B22(55), Cw3, Bf * S, C4A * 4B * 5, which also carries the Ch 1,–2, 3 haplotype. The B5 allotype was also found with HLA-1360, HLA-1335 in Caucasoids, and HLA-B18 in non-Caucasoids; these carried the Ch –1, –2, –3 haplotype. Our results are in accord with an earlier report of two B5 subtypes, B5Rg+ and B5Rg (Roos et al. 1984). The specificity of the mouse monoclonal antibodies IC4 and 21312 had been previously related to C4A and C4B, respectively, but our results suggest that they relate more closely to Rg and Ch determinants.  相似文献   
13.
Summary Length heterogeneity in the ribosomal repeat of Vicia faba is due to the presence of variable numbers of a 325 bp subrepetitive element within the nontranscribed spacer region. The distribution of size classes among 88 individuals within a population was investigated by blot-hybridization. We find that individual plants can exhibit more than 20 size classes and that hybridization patterns are highly diverse from individual to individual, more so than for any species so far investigated. In contrast, no such differences are observed in patterns for different tissues from a single plant or from parental to F1 generation. Some changes were observed in the F2 generation. We conclude that unequal recombination can give rise to the diversity that we observe for the V. faba rDNA repeats.  相似文献   
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Octopamine receptor subclasses were first proposed to explain differences in the pharmacological profiles of a range of physiological responses to octopamine obtained in the extensor-tibiae neuromuscular preparation of the locust. Thus, OCTOPAMINE1 receptors which inhibit an endogenous myogenic rhythm, increase intracellular calcium levels. Also OCTOPAMINE2 receptors which modulate neuromuscular transmission in this preparation, increase the level of adenylate cyclase activity. The current status of this classification is reviewed by examining the pharmacology of responses to octopamine in a range of preparations. It is concluded that the distinction between OCTOPAMINE1 and OCTOPAMINE2 receptor types is still valid, but that OCTOPAMINE2 receptors exhibit some tissue specific variations. Studies on a clonedDrosophila octopamine/tyramine (phenolamine) receptor are discussed and illustrate many of the difficulties presently encountered in making a definitive classification of octopamine receptors. These include the possibilities that single receptors may activate multiple second messenger systems and that different agonists may differentially couple the same receptor to different second messenger systems.  相似文献   
16.
Calypso bulbosa is a terrestrial orchid that grows in north temperate regions. Like many orchids, the Calypso has ovules that are not fully developed at anthesis. After pollination, the ovule primordia divide several times to produce a nucellar filament which consists of five to six cells. The subterminal cell of the nucellar filament enlarges to become the archesporial cell. Through further enlargement and elongation, the archesporial cell becomes the megasporocyte. An unequal dyad results from the first meiotic division. A triad of one active chalazal megaspore and two inactive micropylar megaspores are the end products of meiotic division. Callose is present in the cell wall of the megaspore destined to degenerate. In the mature embryo sac the number of nuclei is reduced to six when the chalazal nuclei fail to divide after the first mitotic division. The chalazal nuclei join the polar nucleus and the male nucleus near the center of the embryo sac subsequent to fertilization.  相似文献   
17.
Summary The white-rot fungus Ganoderma australis selectively degrades lignin in the ecosystem palo podrido. Using conditions that simulate those of palo podrido in the laboratory, it was found that low nitrogen content and low O2 tension stimulate the productio of manganese peroxidase and lignin degradation, and depress cellulose degradation and cellulase production. The inverse is found at high nitrogen concentration and high O2 tension. This agrees with previous results indicating that low O2 tension and low nitrogen stimulate selective lignin degradation by this fungus. Correspondence to: J. Eyzaguirre  相似文献   
18.
The distribution of 3[H] arachidonic acid incorporated into cultured mouse peritoneal macrophages was assessed upon stimulation of the cells with either the calcium ionophore A23187 or zymosan. After a labeling time of 24 h, cells were stimulated and processed for light and electron microscopic autoradiography. Grains were primarily localized over the plasma membrane and lipid-containing vesicles of both control and stimulated cells. In macrophages stimulated with ionophore, a decreased labeling density was evident in both of these cell compartments. Similar alterations in labeling pattern were observed in zymosan treated cells, although a larger decline in grain density occurred from the plasma membrane compartment. Immunocytochemical localization of PGE2, a major eicosanoid product released upon ionophore stimulation, revealed the presence of the prostaglandin in clear vesicular structures, many of which appear to be continuous with the plasma membrane. These results provide morphological evidence that different cellular pools of arachidonic acid may be differentially mobilized for eicosanoid production as a function of the mode of stimulation.  相似文献   
19.
To determine if the nonrandom, non-resource-based mating system of Bufo woodhousei affects tadpole performance, I performed a series of controlled matings and reared the tadpoles to metamorphosis in the laboratory and field. I asked whether differences in paternal identity, mating status, or body size were related to differences in tadpole mass, larval period duration, metamorphic mass, or survival of offspring. Although both laboratory and field rearings indicated that male and female parentage affected most offspring traits, no correspondence existed between either laboratory and field metamorphic mass or laboratory and field survival of offspring sired by the same male. The lack of correspondence between sire breeding values in the laboratory and field for two of three traits raises doubts as to the validity of drawing conclusions concerning how evolution might be expected to work from laboratory studies. Paternal effects were more pronounced in the field than in the laboratory, despite what is usually presumed to be a greater amount of environmental variation in the field. In the laboratory neither sire body size nor mating status affected any trait, but in the field larger males produced offspring that were 10% heavier at transformation than offspring sired by small males. This predictable relationship between sire phenotype (body size) and offspring performance means that nonrandom mating based on male body size could have a directional effect on offspring performance. Because larger males mate disproportionately often in this population (Woodward, 1982a; Mitchell, unpubl.), the mating system may exert a directional effect on metamorphic body size.  相似文献   
20.
The stage of pollen development at the time of anther culture is an important factor in the production of haploids. The objectives of the current study were to develop a staining procedure for peanut (Arachis hypogaea L., ssp. hypogaea) microspores, to describe and document the stages of microsporogenesis in peanut, and to confirm a previous report concerning correlations of peanut floral bud shape with stage of microspore development. A staining procedure using propionic carmine provided adequate staining of pollen mother cells, microspores, and pollen. Pollen mother cells and microspores could easily be differentiated by their size and cell wall structure. Plants grown in a controlled environment were found to have highly synchronized microspore development, both within an anther and among anthers contained in the same bud. In addition, floral bud shape was confirmed as a reliable indicator of anther stage in peanuts.  相似文献   
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