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81.
Association of the hypha‐related protein Pra1 and zinc transporter Zrt1 with biofilm formation by the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans
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82.
Akio Nakane Shinsuke Nishikawa Sanae Sasaki Tomisato Miura Misako Asano Masashi Kohanawa Tomonori Minagawa 《FEMS immunology and medical microbiology》1995,11(4):321-327
Abstract In vivo induction of cytokines by a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against T-cell receptor (TCR) αβ and the protective effect induced by the mAb on a lethal infection with Listeria monocytogenes were studied. Injection of anti-TCR αβ mAb induced rapid production of endogenous tumour necrosis factor in the spleens, and gamma interferon and interleukin-6 in the bloodstreams and spleens of mice. Administration of anti-CD4 mAb, anti-CD8 mAb, or anti-Thy1.2 mAb resulted in suppression of anti-TCR αβ mAb-induced endogenous cytokine production. Mice were protected against lethal L. monocytogenes infection when treated with anti-TCR αβ mAb. The protective effect was not demonstrated in CD4 + cell- or CD8 + cell-depleted mice. These results suggest that anti-TCR αβ mAb shows a protective effect on a lethal infection with L. monocytogenes in mice and that the mAb-induced endogenous cytokines might be involved in the effect of anti-TCR αβ mAb. 相似文献
83.
Benjamin M. Kuhn Sanae Errafi Rahel Bucher Petre Dobrev Markus Geisler Laurent Bigler Eva Za?ímalová Christoph Ringli 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2016,291(10):5385-5395
Flavonols are a group of secondary metabolites that affect diverse cellular processes. They are considered putative negative regulators of the transport of the phytohormone auxin, by which they influence auxin distribution and concomitantly take part in the control of plant organ development. Flavonols are accumulating in a large number of glycosidic forms. Whether these have distinct functions and diverse cellular targets is not well understood. The rol1-2 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana is characterized by a modified flavonol glycosylation profile that is inducing changes in auxin transport and growth defects in shoot tissues. To determine whether specific flavonol glycosides are responsible for these phenotypes, a suppressor screen was performed on the rol1-2 mutant, resulting in the identification of an allelic series of UGT89C1, a gene encoding a flavonol 7-O-rhamnosyltransferase. A detailed analysis revealed that interfering with flavonol rhamnosylation increases the concentration of auxin precursors and auxin metabolites, whereas auxin transport is not affected. This finding provides an additional level of complexity to the possible ways by which flavonols influence auxin distribution and suggests that flavonol glycosides play an important role in regulating plant development. 相似文献
84.
We propose a new concept of tumor progression monitoring using dual luciferases in living animals to reduce stress for small animals and the cost of luciferin. The secreted Cypridina luciferase (CLuc) was used as an ex vivo indicator to continuously monitor tumor progression. On the other hand, the non-secreted firefly luciferase was used as an in vivo indicator to analyze the spatial distribution of the tumor at suitable time points indicated by CLuc. Thus, the new monitoring systems that use dual luciferases are available, allowing long-term bioluminescence imaging under minimal stress for the experimental animals. 相似文献
85.
PAL activity in young fruits of Citrus unshiu was initiallyvery high. It decreased gradually as the fruit grew and afterthe "June drop", declined markedly. PAL behavior appears tobe closely related to the tissue differentiation of fruit. Proteincontent of the fruit showed a pattern of change similar to thatof PAL activity. Also, the amount of hesperidine was high inimmature fruit. Accumulation of hesperidine per fruit was greatlyenhanced as growth of the fruit progressed, but after PAL activityhad almost disappeared, the accumulation ceased.
1Present address: Kozo Keikaku Engineering Incorporation, Nakano,Tokyo, Japan. (Received March 16, 1973; ) 相似文献
86.
Ishijima SA Hayama K Burton JP Reid G Okada M Matsushita Y Abe S 《Applied and environmental microbiology》2012,78(7):2190-2199
Oral candidiasis is often accompanied by severe inflammation, resulting in a decline in the quality of life of immunosuppressed individuals and elderly people. To develop a new oral therapeutic option for candidiasis, a nonpathogenic commensal oral probiotic microorganism, Streptococcus salivarius K12, was evaluated for its ability to modulate Candida albicans growth in vitro, and its therapeutic activity in an experimental oral candidiasis model was tested. In vitro inhibition of mycelial growth of C. albicans was determined by plate assay and fluorescence microscopy. Addition of S. salivarius K12 to modified RPMI 1640 culture medium inhibited the adherence of C. albicans to the plastic petri dish in a dose-dependent manner. Preculture of S. salivarius K12 potentiated its inhibitory activity for adherence of C. albicans. Interestingly, S. salivarius K12 was not directly fungicidal but appeared to inhibit Candida adhesion to the substratum by preferentially binding to hyphae rather than yeast. To determine the potentially anti-infective attributes of S. salivarius K12 in oral candidiasis, the probiotic was administered to mice with orally induced candidiasis. Oral treatment with S. salivarius K12 significantly protected the mice from severe candidiasis. These findings suggest that S. salivarius K12 may inhibit the process of invasion of C. albicans into mucous surfaces or its adhesion to denture acrylic resins by mechanisms not associated with the antimicrobial activity of the bacteriocin. S. salivarius K12 may be useful as a probiotic as a protective tool for oral care, especially with regard to candidiasis. 相似文献
87.
Chiba S Tsuyoshi N Fudou R Ojika M Murakami Y Ogoma Y Oguchi M Yamanaka S 《The Journal of General and Applied Microbiology》2006,52(4):201-207
A fungus producing magenta was isolated from cellulosic material by visual observation on Czapek's agar media and the product was conventionally analyzed. The fungal strain that produced magenta pigment was closely related to Phoma herbarum. The type of fibers added to Czapek's medium influenced which pigments were produced. Mycelia attached to the surface of nylon-6 and excreted magenta pigment into the fibers. The pigment structure was partially determined. This is the first report of the production of magenta pigment by a microorganism specifically in the presence of nylon-6 fibers, via an unknown mechanism. This phenomenon raises the question of why and how the fungus disperses the pigment inside the fiber and suggests that fabrics can be dyed using microorganisms. 相似文献
88.
Park HK Shishido Y Ichise-Shishido S Kawazoe T Ono K Iwana S Tomita Y Yorita K Sakai T Fukui K 《Journal of biochemistry》2006,139(2):295-304
D-amino acid oxidase (DAO) is a flavoenzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of D-amino acids. In the brain, gene expression of DAO is detected in astrocytes. Among the possible substrates of DAO in vivo, D-serine is proposed to be a neuromodulator of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. In a search for the physiological role of DAO in the brain, we investigated the metabolism of extracellular D-serine in glial cells. Here we show that after D-serine treatment, rat primary type-1 astrocytes exhibited increased cell death. In order to enhance the enzyme activity of DAO in cells, we established stable rat C6 glial cells overexpressing mouse DAO designated as C6/DAO. Treatment with a high dose of D-serine led to the production of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) followed by apoptosis in C6/DAO cells. Among the amino acids tested, D-serine specifically exhibited a significant cell death-inducing effect. DAO inhibitors, i.e., sodium benzoate and chlorpromazine, partially prevented the death of C6/DAO cells treated with D-serine, indicating the involvement of DAO activity in d-serine metabolism. Overall, we consider that extracellular D-serine can gain access to intracellular DAO, being metabolized to produce H(2)O(2). These results support the proposal that astroglial DAO plays an important role in metabolizing a neuromodulator, D-serine. 相似文献
89.
Aoyama S Okimura Y Fujita H Sato EF Umegaki T Abe K Inoue M Utsumi K Sasaki J 《Physiological chemistry and physics and medical NMR》2006,38(1):1-20
Mitochondria play an important role in apoptosis by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inducing membrane permeability transition (MPT). Recent studies on alpha-lipoic acid (LA) and its reduced form, dihydrolipoic acid, suggest that these agents (LAs) inhibit apoptosis of cells by means of their antioxidant activity. On the other hand, LAs also stimulate Ca2+-dependent mitochondrial MPT and induce apoptosis of certain cells. Thus, the role of LAs in apoptotic cell death remains obscure. We investigated the mechanism of LA-induced MPT of mitochondria. Biochemical analysis revealed, in the presence of Ca2+, inorganic phosphate and succinate, LA induced uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation, stimulated oxidation of pyridine nucleotides and enhanced Ca2+-induced MPT, as characterized by decrease in Ca2+ loading, ROS generation, oxidation of thiol groups of adenine nucleotide translocator, membrane depolarization, swelling, and cytochrome c release in an incubation time and concentration dependent manner. LA also stimulated hydroxyl radical-induced MPT in a alpha-tocopherol-inhibitable manner. Cyclosporine A, a potent inhibitor of mitochondrial MPT, inhibited all these events induced by LA. These results indicate that, under certain conditions, LA stimulates Ca2+-induced MPT through the decrease in loading capacity of Ca2+ and that MPT is involved in LA-induced apoptotic cell death. Since fairly high doses of LA have been used as a dietary supplement, the possible occurrence of such side effects, including mitochondrial dysfunction and induction of apoptosis in normal tissues, should be studied. 相似文献
90.
Growth differentiation factor 9 is antiapoptotic during follicular development from preantral to early antral stage 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Orisaka M Orisaka S Jiang JY Craig J Wang Y Kotsuji F Tsang BK 《Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.)》2006,20(10):2456-2468
Ovarian follicular atresia represents a selection process that ensures the release of only healthy and viable oocytes during ovulation. The transition from preantral to early antral stage is the penultimate stage of development in terms of gonadotropin dependence and follicle destiny (survival/growth vs. atresia). We have examined whether and how oocyte-derived growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF-9) and FSH regulate follicular development and atresia during the preantral to early antral transition, by a novel combination of in vitro gene manipulation (i.e. intraoocyte injection of GDF-9 antisense oligos) and preantral follicle culture. Injection of GDF-9 antisense suppressed basal and FSH-induced preantral follicle growth in vitro, whereas addition of GDF-9 enhanced basal and FSH-induced follicular development. GDF-9 antisense activated caspase-3 and induced apoptosis in cultured preantral follicles, a response attenuated by exogenous GDF-9. GDF-9 increased phospho-Akt content in granulosa cells of early antral follicles. Although granulosa cell apoptosis induced by ceramide was attenuated by the presence of GDF-9, this protective effect of GDF-9 was prevented by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002 and a dominant negative form of Akt. Injection of GDF-9 antisense decreased FSH receptor mRNA levels in cultured follicles, a response preventable by the presence of exogenous GDF-9. The data suggest that GDF-9 is antiapoptotic in preantral follicles and protects granulosa cells from undergoing apoptosis via activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway. An adequate level of GDF-9 is required for follicular FSH receptor mRNA expression. GDF-9 promotes follicular survival and growth during the preantral to early antral transition by suppressing granulosa cell apoptosis and follicular atresia. 相似文献