Properties of a bacterial enzyme preparation of alkylsulfatase

A preparation of primary alkyl sulfatase was obtained from the culture of Pseudomonas species 2T/1. It can hydrolyze alkyl sulfates, which belong to anion surface-active compounds, to sulfate ion and fatty alcohol, and as a result the harmful for biosphere property of the surface activity is gone. pH and temperature of the incubation mixture, the presence of ions of some bivalent metals and components of synthetic detergents (SD), composition of the buffer mixture and substrate concentration affect the rate of sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) hydrolysis. The alkyl sulfatase preparation is relatively stable. The maximum rate of SDS hydrolysis was found to be at 70 degrees C. The preparation catalyzes the hydrolysis of some alkyl sulfate homologues and industrial alkyl sulfates. The temperature optimum of the preparation is 40 degrees C, the pH-optimum is 8.0-9.0.     

Effect of heparin on the activity of liver microsome oxidative enzyme systems in healthy rats and rats with experimental glomerulonephritis]

In experiments on mongrel rats it was found that heparin in doses of 2, 5, and 10 mg/kg had an inducing effect on the oxidative systems of hepatic microsomes: hexenal test period was shortened, cytochrome P450 content increased, relative liver weight rose; the activity of histochemically-detectable NAD-enzymes of hepatocytes became greater. Heparin was capable of considerable (2-3-fold) stimulation of antitoxic activity of the liver reduced in experimental glomerulonephritis. The effect of heparin on the antitoxic function of the liver did not correlate with its effect, on the blood coagulation system.     

Response of identified mollusk neurons to treatment with certain metabolic regulators during different oxygen supply conditions

The time course of redox systems of some identified Helix pomatia neurons and their bioelectrical activity during exposure to cAMP and prostaglandin E2 under normoxia and anoxia was studied by means of a complex technique on the basis of contact vital microscopy. It was discovered that neuronal response to the substances was uncertain under varying conditions of neuronal oxygen supply. In the presence of preliminary exposure to cAMP and prostaglandin E2 the character of shifts in redox systems and bioelectrical activity occurring in the neurons during oxygen deprivation was to be changed.     

Iron-sulfur centers in the mitochondrial respiratory chain at different stages of cell culture growth of the hamster Cricetulus griceus

The dramatic diminishing of the concentration of the N-2 iron-sulfur centre of NADH-dehydrogenase of mitochondria during the growth of cell culture of hamster fibroblasts with the subsequent recovery of concentration to the initial level was discovered by means of low-temperature ESR spectroscopy. It was concluded that the results obtained are due mainly to the decrease of the number of respiratory chains, but not to the change of the electron transport chain structure.     

Effect of gamma radiation on the immunobiological and immunochemical properties of cholera exotoxin. IV. The biological and immunochemical properties of purified irradiated choleragen

The results of investigations carried out to study the effect of gamma radiation on the properties of the purified preparations of cholera exotoxin are presented. Irradiation has been shown to decrease the anterotoxicity of purified choleragen and the activity of its permeability factor, depending on the radiation dose. The investigations have revealed that in purified toxin enterotoxicity is completely inactivated with a lover radiation dose than in crude toxin filtrate (25 kGy). In immunochemical reactions the increase of the electrophoretic mobility of the choleragen components, correlated with the increase of the radiation dose, and the reduced number of protein zones have been observed. The irradiated preparations of purified choleragen have been found to retain their immunogenic properties and serological activity.     

Effect of colony-stimulating activity on hematopoiesis in the organ culture of mouse embryonal liver

The effect of the colony-stimulating activity (CSA) on hemopoiesis in a long-term culture (4.5 week) of mouse embryonal liver was studied. After addition of the spleen cell-conditioned medium containing CSA to the organ culture, there was a decrease in the number of CFUs and in the granulocyte and macrophage precursors. However, the production of granulocytes and macrophages in the test cultures either did not fall or increased with primary differentiation of neutrophils. Addition of the medium with CSA shifted the equilibrium in the culture towards more intense production of differentiated cells at a lower level of the maintenance of precursors.     

Synthesis and properties of an affinity sorbent for extraction of atherogenic lipoproteins

A digitonin-containing affinity sorbent was prepared using a hydrophilic polymer carrier. The correlation was found between the polymer structure and crosslink. King degree, on the one hand, and the sorbent capacity to bind cholesterol, protein and lipoproteins--on the other. The sorbent was demonstrated to extract predominantly atherogenic lipoproteins from blood plasma.     

Interaction between nanomaterials and the innate immune system across evolution

Interaction of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) with the immune system mainly occurs with cells and molecules of innate immunity, which are present in interface tissues of living organisms. Immuno-nanotoxicological studies aim at understanding if and when such interaction is inconsequential or may cause irreparable damage. Since innate immunity is the first line of immune reactivity towards exogenous agents and is highly conserved throughout evolution, this review focuses on the major effector cells of innate immunity, the phagocytes, and their major sensing receptors, Toll-like receptors (TLRs), for assessing the modes of successful versus pathological interaction between ENMs and host defences. By comparing the phagocyte- and TLR-dependent responses to ENMs in plants, molluscs, annelids, crustaceans, echinoderms and mammals, we aim to highlight common recognition and elimination mechanisms and the general sufficiency of innate immunity for maintaining tissue integrity and homeostasis.