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31.
Adama Gansane Issa Nebie Ouedraogo Noelie Bere Henry Issiaka Soulama Esperance Ouedraogo Jean-Baptiste Yaro Amidou Diarra Sombie Benjamin Amadou Tidiani Konate Alfred Tiono Sodiomon Bienvenu Sirima 《Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz》2013,108(5):644-650
During the season of high malaria transmission, most children are
infected by Plasmodium, which targets red blood cells (RBCs),
affecting haematological parameters. To describe these variations, we examined
the haematological profiles of two groups of children living in a
malaria-endemic area. A cross-sectional survey was conducted at the peak of the
malaria transmission season in a rural area of Burkina Faso. After informed
consent and clinical examination, blood samples were obtained from the
participants for malaria diagnosis and a full blood count. Of the 414 children
included in the analysis, 192 were not infected with
Plasmodium, whereas 222 were asymptomatic carriers of
Plasmodium infection. The mean age of the infected children
was 41.8 months (range of 26.4-57.2) compared to 38.8 months (range of
22.4-55.2) for the control group (p = 0.06). The asymptomatic infected children
tended to have a significantly lower mean haemoglobin level (10.8 g/dL vs. 10.4
g/dL; p < 0.001), mean lymphocyte count (4592/µL vs. 5141/µL; p = 0.004),
mean platelet count (266 x 103/µL vs. 385 x 103/µL; p < 0.001) and mean RBC
count (4.388 x 106/µL vs. 4.158 x 106/µL; p < 0.001) and a higher mean
monocyte count (1403/µL vs. 1192/µL; p < 0.001) compared to the control
group. Special attention should be applied when interpreting haematological
parameters and evaluating immune responses in asymptomatic infected children
living in malaria-endemic areas and enrolled in vaccine trials. 相似文献
32.
Diarra MS Rempel H Champagne J Masson L Pritchard J Topp E 《Applied and environmental microbiology》2010,76(24):8033-8043
Enterococci are now frequent causative agents of nosocomial infections. In this study, we analyzed the frequency and distribution of antibiotic resistance and virulence genotypes of Enterococcus isolates from broiler chickens. Fecal and cecal samples from nine commercial poultry farms were collected to quantify total enterococci. Sixty-nine presumptive enterococci were isolated and identified by API 20 Strep, and their susceptibilities to antibiotics were determined. Genotypes were assessed through the use of a novel DNA microarray carrying 70 taxonomic, 17 virulence, and 174 antibiotic resistance gene probes. Total enterococcal counts were different from farm to farm and between sample sources (P < 0.01). Fifty-one (74%) of the isolates were identified as E. faecium, whereas nine (13%), seven (10%), and two (3%) isolates were identified as E. hirae, E. faecalis, and E. gallinarum, respectively. Multiple-antibiotic resistance was evident in E. faecium and E. faecalis isolates. The most common multiple-antibiotic resistance phenotype was Bac Ery Tyl Lin Str Gen Tet Cip. Genes conferring resistance to aminoglycoside (aac, aacA-aphD, aadB, aphA, sat4), macrolide (ermA, ermB, ermAM, msrC), tetracycline (tetL, tetM, tetO), streptogramin (satG_vatE8), bacitracin (bcrR), and lincosamide (linB) antibiotics were detected in corresponding phenotypes. A range of 9 to 12 different virulence genes was found in E. faecalis, including ace, agg, agrB(Efs) (agrB gene of E. faecalis), cad1, the cAM373 and cCF10 genes, cob, cpd1, cylAB, efaA(Efs), and gelE. All seven E. faecalis isolates were found to carry the gelE gene and to hydrolize gelatin and bile salts. Results from this study showed the presence of enterococci of public and environmental health concerns in broiler chicken farms and demonstrated the utility of a microarray to quickly and reliably analyze resistance and virulence genotypes of Enterococcus spp. 相似文献
33.
Chaventré A Delafosse J Rhaly AA Diarra JN Bellis G Roux F Kouamé P Pitté A Mayer G Gaimard M Dilumbu I 《Collegium antropologicum》1998,22(1):1-8
The iodine deficiency (ID), which affects 1 person out of 6, is relatively neglected by the responsible of Public Health Service, particularly in developing countries. Consequences of ID are far from being negligible: mental retardation, hypofertility, hyperplasia, carcinoma, early ageing and, in very exposed areas, endemic cretinism. Nevertheless, eradication is easy and cheap but it requires rigorous protocols and control of results. The elaboration of these protocols is complex because it must be adapted to environment, population and financial possibilities of concerned countries. Based on our experience in this field, we propose a combined protocol, between the Public Health too liberal approach and that of too expensive research, which can be adapted to several situations. 相似文献
34.
K. Vimala K. Samba Sivudu Y. Murali Mohan B. Sreedhar K. Mohana Raju 《Carbohydrate polymers》2009,75(3):463-471
In the present study, we report the preparation of semi interpenetrating hydrogel networks (SIHNs) based on cross-linked poly (acrylamide) prepared through an optimized rapid redox-solution polymerization with N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) in presence of three different carbohydrate polymers, namely gum acacia (GA), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and starch (SR). Highly stable and uniformly distributed silver nanoparticles have been obtained with hydrogel networks as nanoreactors via in situ reduction of silver nitrate (AgNO3) using sodium borohydride (NaBH4) as reducing agent. The formation of silver nanoparticles has been confirmed with ultraviolet visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) provides the amounts of silver nanoparticles exist in the hydrogel networks. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results demonstrate that acacia employed hydrogels have regulated the silver nanoparticles size to 2–5 nm where as CMC and starch composed hydrogel networks result in a heterogeneous size from 2 to 20 nm. The preliminary antibacterial activity performed to these hydrogel–silver nanocomposites. 相似文献
35.
Jeni Vuong Jean-Marc Collard Melissa J. Whaley Issaka Bassira Issaka Seidou Seydou Diarra Rasmata T. Ouédraogo Dinanibè Kambiré Thomas H. Taylor Jr Claudio Sacchi Leonard W. Mayer Xin Wang 《PloS one》2016,11(2)
Neisseria meningitidis (Nm), Haemophilus influenzae (Hi), and Streptococcus pneumoniae (Sp) are the lead causes of bacterial meningitis. Detection of these pathogens from clinical specimens using traditional real-time PCR (rt-PCR) requires DNA extraction to remove the PCR inhibitors prior to testing, which is time consuming and labor intensive. In this study, five species-specific (Nm-sodC and -ctrA, Hi-hpd#1 and -hpd#3 and Sp-lytA) and six serogroup-specific rt-PCR tests (A, B, C, W, X, Y) targeting Nm capsular genes were evaluated in the two direct rt-PCR methods using PerfeCTa and 5x Omni that do not require DNA extraction. The sensitivity and specify of the two direct rt-PCR methods were compared to TaqMan traditional rt-PCR, the current standard rt-PCR method for the detection of meningitis pathogens. The LLD for all 11 rt-PCR tests ranged from 6,227 to 272,229 CFU/ml for TaqMan, 1,824–135,982 for 5x Omni, and 168–6,836 CFU/ml for PerfeCTa. The diagnostic sensitivity using TaqMan ranged from 89.2%-99.6%, except for NmB-csb, which was 69.7%. For 5x Omni, the sensitivity varied from 67.1% to 99.8%, with three tests below 90%. The sensitivity of these tests using PerfeCTa varied from 89.4% to 99.8%. The specificity ranges of the 11 tests were 98.0–99.9%, 97.5–99.9%, and 92.9–99.9% for TaqMan, 5x Omni, and PerfeCTa, respectively. PerfeCTa direct rt-PCR demonstrated similar or better sensitivity compared to 5x Omni direct rt-PCR or TaqMan traditional rt-PCR. Since the direct rt-PCR method does not require DNA extraction, it reduces the time and cost for processing CSF specimens, increases testing throughput, decreases the risk of cross-contamination, and conserves precious CSF. The direct rt-PCR method will be beneficial to laboratories with high testing volume. 相似文献
36.
David Tiga Kangoye Issa Nebie Jean-Baptiste Yaro Siaka Debe Safiatou Traore Oumarou Ouedraogo Guillaume Sanou Issiaka Soulama Amidou Diarra Alfred Tiono Kevin Marsh Sodiomon Bienvenu Sirima Philip Bejon 《PloS one》2014,9(9)
Background
Children below six months are reported to be less susceptible to clinical malaria. Maternally derived antibodies and foetal haemoglobin are important putative protective factors. We examined antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 3 (MSP3) and glutamate-rich protein (GLURP), in children in their first two years of life in Burkina Faso and their risk of malaria.Methods
A cohort of 140 infants aged between four and six weeks was recruited in a stable transmission area of south-western Burkina Faso and monitored for 24 months by active and passive surveillance. Malaria infections were detected by examining blood smears using light microscopy. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to quantify total Immunoglobulin G to Plasmodium falciparum antigens MSP3 and two regions of GLURP (R0 and R2) on blood samples collected at baseline, three, six, nine, 12, 18 and 24 months. Foetal haemoglobin and variant haemoglobin fractions were measured at the baseline visit using high pressure liquid chromatography.Results
A total of 79.6% of children experienced one or more episodes of febrile malaria during monitoring. Antibody titres to MSP3 were prospectively associated with an increased risk of malaria while antibody responses to GLURP (R0 and R2) did not alter the risk. Antibody titres to MSP3 were higher among children in areas of high malaria risk. Foetal haemoglobin was associated with delayed first episode of febrile malaria and haemoglobin CC type was associated with reduced incidence of febrile malaria.Conclusions
We did not find any evidence of association between titres of antibodies to MSP3, GLURP-R0 or GLURP-R2 as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and early protection against malaria, although anti-MSP3 antibody titres may reflect increased exposure to malaria and therefore greater risk. Foetal haemoglobin was associated with protection against febrile malaria despite the study limitations and its role is therefore worthy further investigation. 相似文献37.
Ramatoulaye Thiaba Samba Marc Neyra Didier Lesueur 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2007,23(10):1485-1488
Polymerase Chain Reaction/Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR/RFLP) of the InterGenic Spacer (IGS) between rDNA
16S and 23S was used to identify indigenous strains nodulating four clones of Acacia mangium–Acacia auriculiformis hybrids cultivated in non-sterilized sandy soil from Sangalkam (Senegal) under greenhouse conditions. The experiment was
for 4 months. The analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism obtained with MspI and HaeIII restriction enzymes allowed the identification of 15 different IGS Groups with a distribution which significantly differed
according to the clone of the hybrid (strains of one clone can belong to three and five different IGS Groups). Three large
multi-lobed nodules were obtained on the root system of clone 3.26 within 5 months. Also, the nature of the rhizobia contained
in each lobe was determined. The results showed that the lobes of large nodules can be occupied by one or two strains and
the nodules analysed were mainly occupied by those belonging to IGS Group 12. 相似文献
38.
Frappier Martin Auclair Julie Bouasker Samir Gunaratnam Sathursha Diarra Carine Millette Mathieu 《Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins》2022,14(5):873-883
Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins - Dyslipidemia, specifically abnormal levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), is an important risk factor of cardiovascular disease. Evidence... 相似文献
39.
J Peter Figueroa Peter J. Hotez Carolina Batista Yanis Ben Amor Onder Ergonul Sarah Gilbert Mayda Gursel Mazen Hassanain Gagandeep Kang David C. Kaslow Jerome H. Kim Bhavna Lall Heidi Larson Denise Naniche Timothy Sheahan Shmuel Shoham Annelies Wilder-Smith Samba O. Sow Nathalie Strub-Wourgaft Prashant Yadav Maria Elena Bottazzi 《PLoS medicine》2021,18(9)
Peter Figueroa and co-authors advocate for equity in the worldwide provision of COVID-19 vaccines.Many may not be aware of the full extent of global inequity in the rollout of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines in response to the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. As of June 20, 2021, only 0.9% of those living in low-income countries and less than 10% of those in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) had received at least 1 dose of a COVID-19 vaccine compared with 43% of the population living in high-income countries (HICs) [1] (Fig 1). Only 2.4% of the population of Africa had been vaccinated compared with 41% of North America and 38% of Europe [1,2] (S1 Fig). Primarily due to the inability to access COVID-19 vaccines, less than 10% of the population in as many as 85 LMICs had been vaccinated compared with over 60% of the population in 26 HICs [1]. Only 10 countries account for more than 75% of all COVID-19 vaccines administered [3]. This striking and ongoing inequity has occurred despite the explicit ethical principles affirming equity of access to COVID-19 vaccines articulated in WHO SAGE values framework [4,5] prepared in mid-2020, well prior to the availability of COVID-19 vaccines.Open in a separate windowFig 1Proportion of people vaccinated with at least 1 dose of COVID-19 vaccine by income (April 14 to June 23, 2021).Note: Data on China appeared on the database on June 9, hence the jump in upper middle-income countries. COVID-19, Coronavirus Disease 2019. Source: https://ourworldindata.org/covid-vaccinations.The COVID-19 pandemic highlights the grave inequity and inadequacy of the global preparedness and response to serious emerging infections. The establishment of the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) in 2018, the Access to COVID-19 Tools Accelerator (ACT-A), and the COVID-19 Vaccines Global Access (COVAX) Facility in April 2020 and the rapid development of COVID-19 vaccines were all positive and extraordinary developments [6]. The COVAX Facility, as of June 2021, has delivered approximately 83 million vaccine doses to 75 countries, representing approximately 4% of the global supply, and one-fifth of this was for HICs [7]. The COVAX Facility has been challenged to meet its supply commitments to LMICs due to insufficient access to doses of COVID-19 vaccines with the prerequisite WHO emergency use listing (EUL) or, under exceptional circumstances, product approval by a stringent regulatory authority (SRA) [8,9]. Because of the anticipated insufficient COVID-19 vaccine supply through the COVAX Facility, the majority of nonvaccine-producing LMIC countries made the decision, early in the COVID-19 pandemic, to secure and use vaccines produced in China or Russia prior to receipt of WHO EUL or SRA approval. Most of the vaccines used in LMICs as of June 20, 2021 (nearly 1.5 billion doses of the 2.6 billion doses administered) were neither WHO EUL or SRA approved at the time they were given [10]. This may raise possible concerns with respect to the effectiveness, safety, and acceptability of individual vaccines used by many countries [8,9]. 相似文献