Application of the technique of cellular permeabilization to the study of the enzymatic activities of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in continuous alcoholic fermentation

Summary A method of assaying the intracellular enzymatic activities of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with a very small amount of biomass, based on cellular permeabilization is described. An example of this method as applied to a small volume continuous fermenter running at low dilution rate is given.     

Issues in using whole slide imaging for diagnostic pathology: “routine” stains,immunohistochemistry and predictive markers

The traditional microscope, together with the “routine” hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) stain, remains the “gold standard” for diagnosis of cancer and other diseases; remarkably, it and the majority of associated biological stains are more than 150 years old. Immunohistochemistry has added to the repertoire of “stains” available. Because of the need for specific identification and even measurement of “biomarkers,” immunohistochemistry has increased the demand for consistency of performance and interpretation of staining results. Rapid advances in the capabilities of digital imaging hardware and software now offer a realistic route to improved reproducibility, accuracy and quantification by utilizing whole slide digital images for diagnosis, education and research. There also are potential efficiencies in work flow and the promise of powerful new analytical methods; however, there also are challenges with respect to validation of the quality and fidelity of digital images, including the standard H & E stain, so that diagnostic performance by pathologists is not compromised when they rely on whole slide images instead of traditional stained tissues on glass slides.     

The oxygen reaction of the cytochrome d-terminated respiratory chain of Escherichia coli at sub-zero temperatures: Kinetic resolution by EPR spectroscopy of two high-spin cytochromes

The oxygen reaction of the fully reduced respiratory chain in membranes from oxygen-limited Escherichia coli was studied at sub-zero temperatures using EPR spectroscopy. Laser photolysis of CO-liganded cytochrome oxidase d precedes oxidation of at least 2 kinetically separable high-spin cytochromes. At −120 to −100°C, a rhombic signal appears, attributable to cytochrome d, followed at above −100°C, by appearance of a second, axial signal near g = 6, here assigned to cytochrome(s) b, and changes in the redox state of iron-sulphur clusters. The data kinetically resolve the 2 high-spin signals attributed to the oxidase complex and suggest schemes for electron flow to oxygen.

Cytochrome oxidase Escherichia coli Cytochrome b-d complex Bacterial electron transport Low-temperature technique     

False Memory ≠ False Memory: DRM Errors Are Unrelated to the Misinformation Effect

The DRM method has proved to be a popular and powerful, if controversial, way to study ‘false memories’. One reason for the controversy is that the extent to which the DRM effect generalises to other kinds of memory error has been neither satisfactorily established nor subject to much empirical attention. In the present paper we contribute data to this ongoing debate. One hundred and twenty participants took part in a standard misinformation effect experiment, in which they watched some CCTV footage, were exposed to misleading post-event information about events depicted in the footage, and then completed free recall and recognition tests. Participants also completed a DRM test as an ostensibly unrelated filler task. Despite obtaining robust misinformation and DRM effects, there were no correlations between a broad range of misinformation and DRM effect measures (mean r  = −.01). This was not due to reliability issues with our measures or a lack of power. Thus DRM ‘false memories’ and misinformation effect ‘false memories’ do not appear to be equivalent.