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111.
Identification and functional characterization of natural human melanocortin 1 receptor mutant alleles in Pakistani population
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Cecilia Herraiz Serrano Rizwan Yousaf Celia Jiménez‐Cervantes Sairah Yousaf Yar M. Waryah Haseeb A. Dad Elizabeth M. Blue Nara Sobreira Francesc López‐Giráldez Tasleem Kausar Muhammad Ali Ali M. Waryah Saima Riazuddin Rehan S. Shaikh Zubair M. Ahmed 《Pigment cell & melanoma research》2015,28(6):730-735
Melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), a Gs protein‐coupled receptor of the melanocyte's plasma membrane, is a major determinant of skin pigmentation and phototype. Upon activation by α‐melanocyte stimulating hormone, MC1R triggers the cAMP cascade to stimulate eumelanogenesis. We used whole‐exome sequencing to identify causative alleles in Pakistani families with skin and hair hypopigmentation. Six MC1R mutations segregated with the phenotype in seven families, including a p.Val174del in‐frame deletion and a p.Tyr298* nonsense mutation, that were analyzed for function in heterologous HEK293 cells. p.Tyr298* MC1R showed no agonist‐induced signaling to the cAMP or ERK pathways, nor detectable agonist binding. Conversely, signaling was comparable for p.Val174del and wild‐type in HEK cells overexpressing the proteins, but binding analysis suggested impaired cell surface expression. Flow cytometry and confocal imaging studies revealed reduced plasma membrane expression of p.Val174del and p.Tyr298*. Therefore, p.Tyr298* was a total loss‐of‐function (LOF) allele, while p.Val174del displayed a partial LOF attribute. 相似文献
112.
Nazir Mamona Saleem Muhammad Ali Iftikhar Abbas Ghulam Rehman Najeeb Ur Green Ivan R. Hussain Wahid Khan Saima Hussain Hidayat 《Phytochemistry Reviews》2021,20(1):119-143
Phytochemistry Reviews - In the last decade the prevalence of diabetes has escalated globally and it is estimated that the number of diabetic people will increase to 642 million by 2040. Although... 相似文献
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Bagherpour G Fooladi AA Mehrabadi JF Nourani MR Einollahi B 《Acta microbiologica et immunologica Hungarica》2011,58(4):259-271
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) bacteria are the principal cause of urinary tract infections (UTI). Because these bacteria propagate intracellularly, the cellular immune response is an important factor in UTIs. Therefore, we designed a genetic construct to induce a cellular immune response. In order to develop a genetic construct that induces strong cellular immunity against this pathogen, we used the fimH synthetic gene according to mammalian codon usage, and the gene expression was compared with wild type codon usage. Initially, we designed two constructs, pVAX/fimH mam and pVAX/fimH wt, which contain mammalian and wild type codon usage, respectively. The Cos-7 cell line was transfected separately with a complex of pVAX/fimH mam-ExGene 500 poly cationic polymer and pVAX/fimH wt-ExGene 500 poly cationic polymer. Expression of the fimH gene in both constructs in COS7 cells was confirmed by RT-PCR, SDS-PAGE, and Western blotting. Both of the pVAX/fimH cassettes expressed inserted fimH genes (mam and wt) in Cos-7 cells. Our results suggest that codon optimization successfully expressed the fimH gene because the fimH gene with mammalian codon usage is compatible with the eukaryotic expression system. Therefore, mammalian codon usage could be appropriate in a pVAX/fimH construct as a DNA vaccine. 相似文献
115.
Cochemé HM Quin C McQuaker SJ Cabreiro F Logan A Prime TA Abakumova I Patel JV Fearnley IM James AM Porteous CM Smith RA Saeed S Carré JE Singer M Gems D Hartley RC Partridge L Murphy MP 《Cell metabolism》2011,13(3):340-350
Hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) is central to mitochondrial oxidative damage and redox signaling, but its roles are poorly understood due to the difficulty of measuring mitochondrial H(2)O(2) in vivo. Here we report a ratiometric mass spectrometry probe approach to assess mitochondrial matrix H(2)O(2) levels in vivo. The probe, MitoB, comprises a triphenylphosphonium (TPP) cation driving its accumulation within mitochondria, conjugated to an arylboronic acid that reacts with H(2)O(2) to form a phenol, MitoP. Quantifying the MitoP/MitoB ratio by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry enabled measurement of a weighted average of mitochondrial H(2)O(2) that predominantly reports on thoracic muscle mitochondria within living flies. There was an increase in mitochondrial H(2)O(2) with age in flies, which was not coordinately altered by interventions that modulated life span. Our findings provide approaches to investigate mitochondrial ROS in vivo and suggest that while an increase in overall mitochondrial H(2)O(2) correlates with aging, it may not be causative. 相似文献
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Stéphane Compant Saima Muzammil Ahmed Lebrihi Florence Mathieu 《Plant and Soil》2013,370(1-2):583-591
Background and aim
There is currently a gap of knowledge regarding whether some beneficial bacteria isolated from desert soils can colonize epi- and endophytically plants of temperate regions. In this study, the early steps of the colonization process of one of these bacteria, Saccharothrix algeriensis NRRL B-24137, was studied on grapevine roots to determine if this beneficial strain can colonize a non-natural host plant. An improved method of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), the double labeling of oligonucleotide probes (DOPE)-FISH technique was used to visualize the colonization behavior of such bacteria as well as to determine if the method could be used to track microbes on and inside plants.Methods
A probe specific to Saccharothrix spp. was firstly designed. Visualization of the colonization behavior of S. algeriensis NRRL B-24137 on and inside roots of grapevine plants was then carried out with DOPE-FISH microscopy.Results
The results showed that 10 days after inoculation, the strain could colonize the root hair zone, root elongation zone, as well as root emergence sites by establishing different forms of bacterial structures as revealed by the DOPE-FISH technique. Further observations showed that the strain could be also endophytic inside the endorhiza of grapevine plants.Conclusions
Taking into account the natural niches of this beneficial strain, this study exemplifies that, in spite of its isolation from desert soil, the strain can establish populations as well as subpopulations on and inside grapevine plants and that the DOPE-FISH tool can allow to detect it. 相似文献118.
Ghasem Askari Saryazdi Mir Jalil Hejazi Marzieh Amizadeh 《Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection》2013,46(11):1278-1284
Lethal and sublethal effects of spirotetramat, spiromesifen and spirodiclofen were assessed on Tetranychus urticae Koch. Leaf disc bioassay was used in all experiments. In this study, toxicity of these compounds was tested on T. urticae eggs and adults. Ovicidal activity was observed in all of the compounds tested, but only spirodiclofen was considerably effective against adult mites. Up to 24?h-old adult females were placed on leaf discs treated with sublethal concentrations (LC10 or LC25). Twenty-four hours after exposure to treated discs, 20 females showing no visible symptoms of poisoning were transferred to untreated leaf discs. The leaf discs were changed daily for up to five days. The number of eggs laid during this period was recorded. The survival rate, total number of laid eggs per female and egg hatching rate were calculated. All above-mentioned parameters were slightly lower in treated females compared with controls. 相似文献
119.
Nahid Vaez Shahzad Iranipour Mir Jalil Hejazi 《Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection》2013,46(20):2501-2511
Cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) is a cosmopolite insect pest of a wide spectrum of crops such as cotton, maize, tomato, soybean, etc. Egg parasitoids mainly Trichogramma brassicae Bezdenko and Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) are biological control agents, that are used as components of sustainable and environmentally compatible IPM systems. Although Bt does not come in direct contact with egg parasitoids, it may persist within the host’s body and affect the quality of the host’s eggs via biochemical changes in their mother and possibly behaviour and potency of the parasitoids. In this study, the functional response of T. brassicae to different densities of H. armigera eggs was investigated in two sets of experiments at 26?±?1?°C, 65?±?5% RH, and 16: 8?h photoperiod. The first group was a control and the second one were eggs laid by hosts treated as 3rd instar larvae with LC20 of Bt (determined as 9.8?×?105?IU/l of artificial diet based on a preliminary bioassay). A type III functional response was observed in both treatments with a direct density dependent mortality up to eight host eggs and an inverse one upward. Both handling time and searching efficiency were affected by Bt treatment as the handling time was increased by a factor of 1.5 and the searching efficiency was decreased by a factor of 0.6. The searching efficiencies were 0.0310?±?0.003 and 0.0182?±?0.005?h?1, and handling times were 1.134?±?0.042 and 1.672?±?0.082?h in control and Bt treatment respectively. 相似文献
120.
Franc Llorens Belén Ansoleaga Paula Garcia-Esparcia Saima Zafar Oriol Grau-Rivera Irene López-González Rosi Blanco Margarita Carmona Jordi Yagüe Carlos Nos José Antonio del Río Ellen Gelpí Inga Zerr Isidre Ferrer 《朊病毒》2013,7(5):383-393
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a heterogenic neurodegenerative disorder associated with abnormal post-translational processing of cellular prion protein (PrPc). CJD displays distinctive clinical and pathological features which correlate with the genotype at the codon 129 (methionine or valine: M or V respectively) in the prion protein gene and with size of the protease-resistant core of the abnormal prion protein PrPsc (type 1: 20/21 kDa and type 2: 19 kDa). MM1 and VV2 are the most common sporadic CJD (sCJD) subtypes. PrP mRNA expression levels in the frontal cortex and cerebellum are reduced in sCJD in a form subtype-dependent. Total PrP protein levels and PrPsc levels in the frontal cortex and cerebellum accumulate differentially in sCJD MM1 and sCJD VV2 with no relation between PrPsc deposition and spongiform degeneration and neuron loss, but with microgliosis, and IL6 and TNF-α response. In the CSF, reduced PrPc, the only form present in this compartment, occurs in sCJD MM1 and VV2. PrP mRNA expression is also reduced in the frontal cortex in advanced stages of Alzheimer disease, Lewy body disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, and frontotemporal lobe degeneration, but PrPc levels in brain varies from one disease to another. Reduced PrPc levels in CSF correlate with PrP mRNA expression in brain, which in turn reflects severity of degeneration in sCJD. 相似文献