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81.
Maria P. Rebollo Khalfan A. Mohammed Brent Thomas Shaali Ame Said Mohammed Ali Jorge Cano Alba Gonzalez Escalada Moses J. Bockarie 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2015,9(3)
BackgroundLymphatic filariasis (LF) is targeted for elimination through annual mass drug administration (MDA) for 4–6 years. In 2006, Zanzibar stopped MDA against LF after five rounds of MDA revealed no microfilaraemic individuals during surveys at selected sentinel sites. We asked the question if LF transmission was truly interrupted in 2006 when MDA was stopped.ConclusionsOur findings indicated ongoing transmission of LF on Pemba in 2012. Moreover, we presented evidence from previous studies that LF transmission was also active on Unguja shortly after stopping MDA in 2006. Based on these observations the government of Zanzibar decided to resume MDA against LF on both islands in 2013. 相似文献
82.
Introduction
Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant public health problem and the diagnosis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)—infected individuals is challenging. The use of mycobacterial culture remains an important complementary tool and optimizing it has important benefits. We sought to determine the effect of an increase in the number of specimens evaluated, addition of nutritional supplementation to the culture medium, sputum appearance and volume on diagnostic yield and time to detection of pulmonary TB among smear-negative, HIV-infected adults.Methods
In this prospective study conducted at the Tshwane District Hospital and Academic TB Laboratory, Pretoria, South Africa we collected three sputum specimens an hour apart from presumptive TB cases at an antiretroviral treatment site. We analysed specimens from 236 patients. Specimen appearance and volume were recorded. All specimens were processed for culture using both standard and supplemented media.Results
A single specimen identified 79% of PTB cases using standard media; the second and third specimens added 12.5% and 8.3% respectively. Media supplementation, sputum appearance and specimen volume had no effect on culture yield or contamination rates. The mean time to detection was reduced from 19.8 days in standard cultures to 11.8 days in nutrient supplemented cultures (p = 0.002). For every 1 ml increase in sputum volume, time to detection was decreased by a factor of 0.797 (p = 0.011).Conclusion
Use of an inexpensive culture supplement substantially reduced time to detection and could contribute to reducing treatment delay among HIV-infected cases. 相似文献83.
Tumaini J. Nagu Said Aboud Ramadhani Mwiru Mecky Matee Wafaie Fawzi Ferdinand Mugusi 《PloS one》2015,10(4)
Background
Surveillance and effective management of drug resistance is important to sustaining tuberculosis (TB) control efforts. We aimed to determine resistance rates to first line anti tuberculosis drugs and to describe factors associated with the resistance to any of the first line anti tuberculosis drugs in Dar es Salaam Tanzania.Materials
Newly diagnosed, TB patients with neither history of tuberculosis treatment nor isoniazid prophylaxis were included into the study. Sputum specimens were cultured on either mycobacteria growth indicator tube 960 (MGIT 960) or Lowenstein Jenstein (LJ) medium supplemented with either glycerol (GLJ) or pyruvate (PLJ). Drug susceptibility for isoniazid, rifampicin, streptomycin and ethambutol was determined by either Lowenstein–Jensen (LJ) medium or mycobacteria growth indicator tube 960 (MGIT 960).Results
A total of 933 newly diagnosed TB patients, were included into the study. Multi drug resistance (MDR) tuberculosis was detected among 2 (0.2%) patients. Resistance to any of the four tested drugs was detected among 54 (5.8%) patients. Mono-resistance to isoniazid, rifampicin, streptomycin and ethambutol were 21(2.3%), 3 (0.3%), 13 (1.4%), 9 (1.0%) respectively.Conclusion
Primary resistance to first line anti tuberculosis drugs is still low in this setting. Continued vigilance including periodic national surveillance of anti-tuberculosis resistance is recommended. 相似文献84.
85.
Said El?Shamieh Marion Neuillé Angélique Terray Elise Orhan Christel Condroyer Vanessa Démontant Christelle Michiels Aline Antonio Fiona Boyard Marie-Elise Lancelot Mélanie Letexier Jean-Paul Saraiva Thierry Léveillard Saddek Mohand-Sa?d Olivier Goureau José-Alain Sahel Christina Zeitz Isabelle Audo 《American journal of human genetics》2014,94(4):625-633
86.
Yousra Ben Khadra Khaled Said Michael Thorndyke Pedro Martinez 《Biochemical genetics》2014,52(3-4):166-180
Regeneration in echinoderms has proved to be more amenable to study in the laboratory than the more classical vertebrate models, since the smaller genome size and the absence of multiple orthologs for different genes in echinoderms simplify the analysis of gene function during regeneration. In order to understand the role of homeobox-containing genes during arm regeneration in echinoderms, we isolated the complement of genes belonging to the Hox class that are expressed during this process in two major echinoderm groups: asteroids (Echinaster sepositus and Asterias rubens) and ophiuroids (Amphiura filiformis), both of which show an extraordinary capacity for regeneration. By exploiting the sequence conservation of the homeobox, putative orthologs of several Hox genes belonging to the anterior, medial, and posterior groups were isolated. We also report the isolation of a few Hox-like genes expressed in the same systems. 相似文献
87.
88.
Said Galai Ferid Limam M. Nejib Marzouki 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2010,26(8):1341-1347
A bacterial strain AAP56, isolated from a polluted soil (from Kelibia city) and identified as Stentrophomonas maltophilia, was particularly interesting for its ability to decolorize recalcitrant dyes of an industrial effluent: SITEX Black. The
final percentage decolorization 60% was shown by bacterial culture after incubation in LB medium at 30°C under shaking conditions.
The decolorization was closely correlated with the metabolic bacterial growth. The replacement of yeast extract in LB medium
composition by soya flour was clearly efficient to enhance the percentage decolorization by 20% and also to reduce the growth
medium cost 60-fold. The bacteria were able to reduce 23% from the initial COD and 28% from the initial BOD5 of the effluent. The immobilization of bacterial cells in calcium alginate beads improved by 25% the effectiveness of the
biotransformation within 24 h in batch conditions. The potential of a downflow fixed column reactor (DFCR) to decolorize SITEX
Black was evaluated under dilution rate. The best decolorization percentage (82%) was recorded at 0.3 h−1. This bioprocess seems to be a potentially useful method to remediate the colored textile wastewater. 相似文献
89.
Wilna J. Moree Bin-Feng Li Said Zamani-Kord Jinghua Yu Timothy Coon Charles Huang Dragan Marinkovic Fabio C. Tucci Siobhan Malany Margaret J. Bradbury Lisa M. Hernandez Jianyun Wen Hua Wang Samuel R.J. Hoare Robert E. Petroski Kayvon Jalali Chun Yang Aida Sacaan Ajay Madan Paul D. Crowe Graham Beaton 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2010,20(19):5874-5878
Analogs of the known H1-antihistamine R-dimethindene with suitable selectivity for key GPCRs, P450 enzymes and hERG channel were assessed for metabolism profile and in vivo properties. Several analogs were determined to exhibit diverse metabolism. One of these compounds, 10a, showed equivalent efficacy in a rat EEG/EMG model to a previously identified clinical candidate and a potentially superior pharmacokinetic profile as determined from a human microdose study. 相似文献