全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1491篇 |
免费 | 71篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
1563篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 22篇 |
2022年 | 32篇 |
2021年 | 59篇 |
2020年 | 37篇 |
2019年 | 29篇 |
2018年 | 51篇 |
2017年 | 37篇 |
2016年 | 52篇 |
2015年 | 62篇 |
2014年 | 77篇 |
2013年 | 130篇 |
2012年 | 122篇 |
2011年 | 108篇 |
2010年 | 62篇 |
2009年 | 50篇 |
2008年 | 69篇 |
2007年 | 62篇 |
2006年 | 52篇 |
2005年 | 47篇 |
2004年 | 50篇 |
2003年 | 53篇 |
2002年 | 35篇 |
2001年 | 13篇 |
2000年 | 14篇 |
1999年 | 17篇 |
1998年 | 10篇 |
1997年 | 11篇 |
1996年 | 10篇 |
1995年 | 5篇 |
1994年 | 14篇 |
1993年 | 12篇 |
1992年 | 10篇 |
1991年 | 6篇 |
1990年 | 10篇 |
1989年 | 4篇 |
1988年 | 8篇 |
1987年 | 11篇 |
1986年 | 9篇 |
1985年 | 10篇 |
1984年 | 10篇 |
1983年 | 7篇 |
1982年 | 8篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 8篇 |
1977年 | 5篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1973年 | 5篇 |
1971年 | 5篇 |
1970年 | 5篇 |
1969年 | 6篇 |
排序方式: 共有1563条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
The pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. & Schiff.) is one of the most harmful pests to pine species in Mediterranean countries including Turkey. Caterpillars of T. pityocampa are not only significantly harmful to forest trees but also responsible for various allergic reactions in humans and animals. In this study, in order to find a more effective and safe biological control agent against T. pityocampa, we investigated fungal pathogens of T. pityocampa in the Black Sea Region of Turkey and tested their pathogenicity on it. Five different fungi were isolated and identified based on their morphological and molecular characteristics including ITS and partial sequence of EF1-[alpha]. Based on these characteristics, four isolates were identified as Beauveria bassiana cf. Clade C (Rehner and Buckley in Mycologia 97:84–98, 2005) and one isolate was identified as Beauveria bassiana. Among these isolates, B. bassiana KTU-24, B. bassiana cf. Clade C KTU-66 and KTU-67 showed the highest virulence with 100% mortality within 10 days after application. B. bassiana isolate KTU-24 produced the highest mycosis value with %100. Consequently, B. bassiana KTU-24 seems to be good candidate for further investigation as a possible biological control agent against this pest. 相似文献
92.
Exopolysaccharides (EPS) from lactic acid bacteria contribute to specific rheology and texture of fermented milk products
and finds applications even in non-dairy foods and in therapeutics. Box-Behnken model of response surface methodology (RSM)
was employed to formulate the production medium for exopolysaccharide (EPS). FT-IR spectral analysis of the purified EPS from
Lactobacillus plantarum MTCC 9510 revealed prominent characteristic groups corresponding to polyhydric alcohols. The degradation temperature (Td)
of the polysaccharide was found to be 260°C with the help of thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). Structure elucidation of the
EPS showed that it consists of a trisaccharide repeating unit of α-d-glucose, β-d-glucose and α-d-mannose. 相似文献
93.
Merav Chatzav Zvi Peleg Levent Ozturk Atilla Yazici Tzion Fahima Ismail Cakmak Yehoshua Saranga 《Annals of botany》2010,105(7):1211-1220
Background and Aims
Micronutrient malnutrition, particularly zinc and iron deficiency, afflicts over three billion people worldwide due to low dietary intake. In the current study, wild emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides), the progenitor of domesticated wheat, was tested for (1) genetic diversity in grain nutrient concentrations, (2) associations among grain nutrients and their relationships with plant productivity, and (3) the association of grain nutrients with the eco-geographical origin of wild emmer accessions.Methods
A total of 154 genotypes, including wild emmer accessions from across the Near Eastern Fertile Crescent and diverse wheat cultivars, were characterized in this 2-year field study for grain protein, micronutrient (zinc, iron, copper and manganese) and macronutrient (calcium, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus and sulphur) concentrations.Key Results
Wide genetic diversity was found among the wild emmer accessions for all grain nutrients. The concentrations of grain zinc, iron and protein in wild accessions were about two-fold greater than in the domesticated genotypes. Concentrations of these compounds were positively correlated with one another, with no clear association with plant productivity, suggesting that all three nutrients can be improved concurrently with no yield penalty. A subset of 12 populations revealed significant genetic variation between and within populations for all minerals. Association between soil characteristics at the site of collection and grain nutrient concentrations showed negative associations between soil clay content and grain protein and between soil-extractable zinc and grain zinc, the latter suggesting that the greatest potential for grain nutrient minerals lies in populations from micronutrient-deficient soils.Conclusions
Wild emmer wheat germplasm offers unique opportunities to exploit favourable alleles for grain nutrient properties that were excluded from the domesticated wheat gene pool. 相似文献94.
Paul Gutwein Anja Schramme Sadek Mohamed Abdel-Bakky Kai Doberstein Ingeborg A Hauser Andreas Ludwig Peter Altevogt Stefan Gauer Anja Hillmann Thomas Weide Christine Jespersen Wolfgang Eberhardt Josef Pfeilschifter 《Journal of biomedical science》2010,17(1):1-9
Background
Influenza viruses are a major cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. More recently, a swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus that is spreading via human-to-human transmission has become a serious public concern. Although vaccination is the primary strategy for preventing infections, influenza antiviral drugs play an important role in a comprehensive approach to controlling illness and transmission. In addition, a search for influenza-inhibiting drugs is particularly important in the face of high rate of emergence of influenza strains resistant to several existing influenza antivirals.Methods
We searched for novel anti-influenza inhibitors using a cell-based neutralization (inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect) assay. After screening 20,800 randomly selected compounds from a library from ChemDiv, Inc., we found that BPR1P0034 has sub-micromolar antiviral activity. The compound was resynthesized in five steps by conventional chemical techniques. Lead optimization and a structure-activity analysis were used to improve potency. Time-of-addition assay was performed to target an event in the virus life cycle.Results
The 50% effective inhibitory concentration (IC50) of BPR1P0034 was 0.42 ± 0.11 μM, when measured with a plaque reduction assay. Viral protein and RNA synthesis of A/WSN/33 (H1N1) was inhibited by BPR1P0034 and the virus-induced cytopathic effects were thus significantly reduced. BPR1P0034 exhibited broad inhibition spectrum for influenza viruses but showed no antiviral effect for enteroviruses and echovirus 9. In a time-of-addition assay, in which the compound was added at different stages along the viral replication cycle (such as at adsorption or after adsorption), its antiviral activity was more efficient in cells treated with the test compound between 0 and 2 h, right after viral infection, implying that an early step of viral replication might be the target of the compound. These results suggest that BPR1P0034 targets the virus during viral uncoating or viral RNA importation into the nucleus.Conclusions
To the best of our knowledge, BPR1P0034 is the first pyrazole-based anti-influenza compound ever identified and characterized from high throughput screening to show potent (sub-μM) antiviral activity. We conclude that BPR1P0034 has potential antiviral activity, which offers an opportunity for the development of a new anti-influenza virus agent. 相似文献95.
Sinan Ince Ismail Kucukkurt Ibrahim Hakki Cigerci A. Fatih Fidan Abdullah Eryavuz 《Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology》2010,24(3):161-164
The aims of this study were to clarify the effects of high dietary supplementation with boric acid and borax, called boron (B) compounds, on lipid peroxidation (LPO), antioxidant activity, some vitamin levels, and DNA damage in rats. Thirty Sprague Dawley male rats were divided into three equal groups: the animals in the first group (control) were fed with a standard rodent diet containing 6.4 mg B/kg, and the animals in the experimental group were fed with a standard rodent diet added with a supra-nutritional amount of boric acid and borax (100 mg B/kg) throughout the experimental period of 28 days. The B compounds decreased malondialdehyde (MDA), DNA damage, the protein carbonyl content (PCO) level in blood, and glutathione (GSH) concentration in the liver, Cu–Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activity in the kidney. The B compounds increased GSH concentration in blood and the vitamin C level in plasma. Consequently, our results demonstrate that B supplementation (100 mg/kg) in diet decreases LPO, and enhances the antioxidant defense mechanism and vitamin status. There are no differences in oxidant/antioxidant balance and biochemical parameters except for serum vitamin A and liver GSH concentration, between the boron compounds used in this study. 相似文献
96.
The European spruce bark beetle, Dendroctonus micans Kugelann (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), is one of the most serious destructive pests of oriental spruce (Picea orientalis L.). In order to find an effective biocontrol agent against this pest, we determined the effectiveness of entomopathogenic fungi against D. micans. Virulence of nine highly pathogenic strains including Beauveria bassiana (2), Beauveria cf. bassiana (2), Metarhizium anisopliae (2), Metarhizium sp. (1), Isaria fumosorosea (1) and Evlachovaea sp. (1) was evaluated on D. micans larvae and adults under laboratory conditions. Mortality values for both larvae and adults ranged from 83 to 100% and from 23 to 100%, respectively. Larvae were more susceptible to fungi than adults (P<0.05). Based on screening tests, B. cf. bassiana isolate KTU-53 was found the most effective isolate. LC50 values were calculated as 1.77×104 and 2.65×104 conidia mL?1 for isolate KTU-53 against larvae and adults, respectively. Consequently, B. cf. bassiana isolate KTU-53 appears to be the most promising microbial control agent for biocontrol of D. micans. 相似文献
97.
M. A. Latif Mohd Yosuh Omar Soon Guan Tan S.S. Siraj Abdul Rahim Ismail 《Insect Science》2010,17(6):517-526
Abstract Two sympatric populations of brown planthopper (BPH), one from rice and the other from Leersia hexandra were collected from each of five locations in Malaysia. All the tested malathion-resistant individuals of the rice BPH population and F1 generation (cross between malathion-resistant [usually caught on rice] and malathion-susceptible [usually caught on Leersia]) showed high esterase activity, while all malathion-susceptible individuals on L. hexandra showed low esterase activity. In the F2 generation, all the individuals tested against malathion were approximately 75% resistant and 25% susceptible and the inheritance pattern of esterase activity (high and low esterase activity) segregated in the same manner to a 3: 1 ratio. This confirms that resistance to malathion is mono-factorial and inheritance pattern of esterase activity is also linked to malathion resistance. Carboxylesterase or total esterase activity in BPH is inherited in a simple Mendelian fashion that is encoded by a single dominant gene. For the total esterase assay, average esterase activity levels in the rice-infesting population ranged from 17.64 to 19.37 nmoles 1-napthol/mg protein while that in the Leersia-infesting population ranged from 5.29 to 6.11 nmoles 1-napthol/mg protein. In terms of esterase activity, the two sympatric Nilaparvata lugens populations separated into two distinct groups. Results based on the tube color intensity test showed 96% and 98% resistant and susceptible individuals were present in the rice- and Leersia-infesting populations, respectively. In a filter paper test, the rice-infesting population had 94% with high esterase activity while the Leersia-infesting population had 96% with low esterase activity. 相似文献
98.
El-Shahawy IS 《Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz》2010,105(8):965-969
Coprological examination of 15 Indian peacocks, Pavo cristatus, revealed the presence of a coccidium species of the genus Eimeria, which apparently represents a previously undescribed species. Sporulation is exogenous and fully developed oocysts of Eimeria pavoaegyptica sp. nov. are ellipsoidal, with a dimension of 15 (13-16) × 12 (10-12.9) microm and with a shape index of 1.25 (1-1.3). The sporulated oocysts have no micropyle but enclose one large rectangular-shaped polar granule and an oocyst residuum. The oocysts have a distinct two-layered wall, which is ~approximately1.7 microm thick. The outer layer has a smooth texture; it fills ~? of the total thickness and appears bicolored. The sporocysts are boat-shaped, of about 10 (9-11) × 4 (4-4.7) microm; their average shape-index is 2.5 microm with a small pointed Stieda body and a smooth, thin single-layered wall. No substieda body is detected. The sporocysts contain numerous, nearly uniform granular residua. The sporozoites are banana-shaped, 6 × 3 microm and each has two different-sized refractile bodies. 相似文献
99.
The changes in the fresh biomass accumulation, photosynthetic and anthocyanin pigments, photosystem 2 (PS 2) activity, ultrastructure
of chloroplast, total lipids and fatty acid composition of thylakoid membrane were followed in the aquatic fern Azolla caroliniana grown on medium either deficient or supplied with various phosphorus concentrations. The content of photosynthetic pigments
and the anthocyanin/chlorophyll ratio increased significantly with increasing PO4
3− concentration. Phosphate deficiency inhibited growth and PS 2 activity and decreased content of total lipids and phospholipids
in isolated thylakoids. This was accompanied with a significant increase in the percentage of galalactolipids. 相似文献
100.
Potassium for better crop production and quality 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Ismail Cakmak 《Plant and Soil》2010,326(1-2):1-2