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71.
72.
S. Sathiyamoorthy J. -G. In S. Gayathri Y. Ju Kim D. -Ch. Yang 《Russian Journal of Genetics》2010,46(7):828-835
The roots of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, known as Korean ginseng have been a valuable and important folk medicine in East Asian countries. It mainly used
to maintain the homeostasis of the human body, with the presence of ginsenosides and non-saponin compounds like phenol compounds,
acidic polysaccharides and polyethylene compounds. Functional genomics aid to annotate EST sequences based on gene ontology.
In this study, we focused, genes which involve in secondary metabolic pathways and to visualize temporal changes of gene expression
in ginseng hairy roots with methyl ester methyl jasmonate (MeJA) along with non-treated hairy roots. A 5.774 EST clones were
clustered and assembled into 501 contigs and 2.955 singletons. Annotations categorized with molecular functions, biological
processes, cellular compounds of gene ontological terms and biochemical functions, enzyme commission number, and metabolic
pathways are assigned through Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database. Comparatively, EST sequences are assigned
to cellular process, metabolic process, biotic and abiotic stress stimuli, developmental and biological regulations and transports
are up-regulated 2–3 fold in MeJA treated hairy roots. 46 different sub groups of enzymes found in the MeJA treated plants.
These annotated ESTs represents a significant proportion of the P. ginseng and provides molecular resource for develop microarray to study genes expressions to development, metabolism and reproduction. 相似文献
73.
PTP-S2/TC45 is a nuclear protein tyrosine phosphatase that activates p53 and induces caspase 1-dependent apoptosis. We analyzed the role of ICE protease-activating factor (Ipaf), an activator of caspase 1 in p53-dependent apoptosis. We also determined the sequence of events that lead to apoptosis upon caspase 1 activation by Ipaf. PTP-S2 expression induced Ipaf mRNA in MCF-7 cells which was dependent on p53. PTP-S2-induced apoptosis was inhibited by a dominant-negative mutant of Ipaf and also by an Ipaf-directed short-hairpin RNA. Doxorubicin-induced apoptosis was potentiated by the expression of caspase 1 (but not by a catalytic mutant of caspase 1) and required endogenous Ipaf. Doxorubicin treatment of MCF-7 cells resulted in activation of exogenous caspase 1, which was partly dependent on endogenous Ipaf. An activated form of Ipaf induced caspase 1-dependent apoptosis that was inhibited by Bcl2 and also by a dominant inhibitor of caspase 9 (caspase 9s). Caspase 1-dependent apoptosis induced by doxorubicin was also inhibited by Bcl2 and caspase 9s, but caspase 1 activation by activated Ipaf was not inhibited by Bcl2. Mitochondrial membrane permeabilization was induced by caspase 1 and activated Ipaf, which was inhibited by Bcl2, but not by caspase 9s. Expression of caspase 1 with activated Ipaf resulted in the activation of Bax at mitochondria. Our results suggest that Ipaf is involved in PTP-S2-induced apoptosis and that caspase 1, when activated by Ipaf, causes release of mitochondrial proteins (cytochrome c and Omi) through Bax activation, thereby functioning as an initiator caspase. 相似文献
74.
Administration of 3,5-diethoxy carbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC) to mice resulted in a striking increase in the level of δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) synthetase in liver. Although the enzyme activity was primarily localized in mitochondria and postmicrosomal supernatant fluid, a significant level of activity was also detected in purified nuclei. The time course of induction showed a close parallelism between the bound and free enzyme activities with the former always accounting for a higher percentage of the total activity as compared to the latter. Studies with cycloheximide indicated a half-life of around 3 hr for both the bound and free ALA synthetase. Actinomycin D and hemin prevented enzyme induction when administered along with DDC, but when administered 12 hr after DDC treatment Actinomycin D did not lead to a decay of either the bound or free enzyme activity and hemin inhibited the bound enzyme activity but not the free enzyme level. The molecular sizes of the mitochondrial and cytosolic ALA synthetase(s) were found to be similar on sephadex columns. 相似文献
75.
Dhanya CR Gayathri NS Mithra K Nair KV Kurup PA 《Indian journal of experimental biology》2004,42(9):871-875
Vitamin E administration prevented DEHP induced deleterious effects like (i) degenerative changes in the brain and thyroid, (ii) decrease in the activity of neuronal membrane Na+ - K+ ATPase, (iii) decrease in the concentration of insulin, cortisol and TSH, and (iv) the increase in T3 and T4 in female Albino rats. The results suggest use of vitamin E to prevent harmful effects of repeated transfusion of DEHP containing blood as in thalassemia patient. The possibility of using vitamin E to prevent the harmful effects of repeated transfusion of DEHP containing blood, as in thalassemia patients, is discussed. 相似文献
76.
Z-ring-independent interaction between a subdomain of FtsA and late septation proteins as revealed by a polar recruitment assay 下载免费PDF全文
FtsA, a member of the ATPase superfamily that includes actin and bacterial actin homologs, is essential for cell division of Escherichia coli and is recruited to the Z ring. In turn, recruitment of later essential division proteins to the Z ring is dependent on FtsA. In a polar recruitment assay, we found that FtsA can recruit at least two late proteins, FtsI and FtsN, to the cell poles independently of Z rings. Moreover, a unique structural domain of FtsA, subdomain 1c, which is divergent in the other ATPase superfamily members, is sufficient for this recruitment but not required for the ability of FtsA to localize to Z rings. Surprisingly, targeting the 1c subdomain to the Z ring by fusing it to FtsZ could partially suppress a thermosensitive ftsA mutation. These results suggest that subdomain 1c of FtsA is a completely independent functional domain with an important role in interacting with a septation protein subassembly. 相似文献
77.
When leaf discs of a C4 species, Alternanthera pungens (L.) H.B. and K. or Amaranthus hypochondriacus L., were preincubated in 7.5 m M NH4 Cl, the pH of the cell sap increased by nearly 0.3 unit, while the activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) about doubled compared to the cell sap from control leaf discs (preincubated in 5 m M Tricine‐KOH, pH 8.5). The sensitivity of PEPC to L ‐malate (a feedback inhibitor) decreased marginally as a result of cytosolic alkalization. The pH of the cell sap and PEPC activity decreased by nearly 0.4 unit and 50%, respectively, when leaf discs were incubated in weak organic acids such as propionic, butyric or salicylic acid. Thus, our results demonstrate a marked modulation in vivo of cell sap pH and PEPC activity in leaf discs from C4 plants by external alkalizing or acidifying reagents. The rise in PEPC activity due to alkalization of leaf discs was not sensitive to cycloheximide, implying that cytosolic protein synthesis was not involved in the activation of PEPC. Despite the marked increase in the PEPC activity due to the base‐loading of leaf discs, the change in malate sensitivity of the enzyme was only marginal, indicating that there was no significant increase in the extent of PEPC‐phosphorylation. Besides the physiological significance, the technique of acid/ base‐loading may be an important tool for studying the regulation of PEPC in leaf discs of C4 species, since the activity of PEPC could be enhanced apparently without phosphorylation of the enzyme. 相似文献
78.
Vadivel Mani Manikandan Balraj Gayathri Venktsan Jagatheesh Soundrapandiyan Revathi Kasthuri Anandhi Danavel Shyamaladevi Babu 《Bioinformation》2021,17(11):916
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common metabolic illness defined by hyperglycemia caused by insufficient production or absent of pancreatic insulin, with or without concomitant insulin action impairment. Hence, novel problem-solving approaches for assessing early metabolic diseases, notably insulin resistance, are urgently needed. Screening of natural compounds for drug discovery to combat diabetes is common in modern medical research and development. Therefore, it is of interest to document the molecular docking analysis data of beta-Caryophyllene, a naturally occurring sequiterpene with the downstream insulin signaling molecules such as IRS-1, cSrc and Akt for the management of type-2 diabetes. The molecular docking analysis data of beta-caryophyllene with the insulin downstream signaling molecules such as IRS-1, cSrc and Akt reveals its ability and further studies are needed to elucidate its complete mechanism of action against type-2 diabetes. 相似文献
79.
Swaminath G Deupi X Lee TW Zhu W Thian FS Kobilka TS Kobilka B 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2005,280(23):22165-22171
The beta(2) adrenergic receptor (beta(2)AR) is a prototypical family A G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and an excellent model system for studying the mechanism of GPCR activation. The beta(2)AR agonist binding site is well characterized, and there is a wealth of structurally related ligands with functionally diverse properties. In the present study, we use catechol (1,2-benzenediol, a structural component of catecholamine agonists) as a molecular probe to identify mechanistic differences between beta(2)AR activation by catecholamine agonists, such as isoproterenol, and by the structurally related non-catechol partial agonist salbutamol. Using biophysical and pharmacologic approaches, we show that the aromatic ring of salbutamol binds to a different site on the beta(2)AR than the aromatic ring of catecholamines. This difference is important in receptor activation as it has been hypothesized that the aromatic ring of catecholamines plays a role in triggering receptor activation through interactions with a conserved cluster of aromatic residues in the sixth transmembrane segment by a rotamer toggle switch mechanism. Our experiments indicate that the aromatic ring of salbutamol does not activate this mechanism either directly or indirectly. Moreover, the non-catechol ring of partial agonists does not interact optimally with serine residues in the fifth transmembrane helix that have been shown to play an important role in activation by catecholamines. These results demonstrate unexpected differences in binding and activation by structurally similar agonists and partial agonists. Moreover, they provide evidence that activation of a GPCR is a multistep process that can be dissected into its component parts using agonist fragments. 相似文献
80.
Solapure SM Raphael P Gayathri CN Barde SP Chandrakala B Das KS De Sousa SM 《Journal of biomolecular screening》2005,10(2):149-156
MraY is an established target for the discovery of antibacterial agents. The conventional assay for MraY uses radioactive substrate and analysis of products after paper chromatography or butanol extraction. Synthesis of radiolabeled substrate has been done in vitro using purified enzymes or by growing cells on radiolabeled precursors. The authors report a simple and rapid method to chemically radiolabel MraY substrate, UDP-MurNAc-pentapeptide. Specific activity obtained by this method was more than 100 times higher than the conventionally labeled substrate, and yields are high enough to support the requirements of high-throughput screening (HTS). The authors have developed a microplate-based homogeneous assay for MraY in which the product is captured on wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) scintillation proximity assay (SPA) beads. The assay was validated by showing inhibition by specific inhibitors of MraY but not by inhibitors of other enzymes of peptidoglycan synthesis. The assay uses wild-type membranes of Escherichia coli, giving it an advantage over recently described assays that need the protein to be overexpressed. In addition, it has an advantage over the high-throughput MraY-MurG coupled assay reported in the literature because it is MraY specific, and therefore hits obtained in this assay do not need further deconvolution. It has potential for use in HTS approaches to find novel inhibitors of MraY. 相似文献