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991.
Bartel Sabine Karczewski Peter Krause Ernst-Georg 《Molecular and cellular biochemistry》1996,163(1):31-38
The postnatal alterations of the composition of a subunit isoforms (Gic, G i3 Go, and Gq of G proteins, the adenylyl cyclase activity as well as of cAMP-regulated phosphoproteins e.g. troponin and phospholamban were investigated in the ventricular tissue of 1, 7, 30 days old rats. Quantitative immunodetection revealed a 5.7-fold decrease in Gi3 at 30th postnatal day compared with the postnatal day 1 and up to 15-fold at 4 months. The amounts of Gq and G as well as the G subunits were found to be higher in the earlier life period compared to the adult. In contrast, the content of Gs was uneffected by the developmental state. Basal adenylyl cyclase activity (pmoles cAMP/min × mg protein) increased from 30.9 ± 5.0, 36.8 ± 5.0 to 63.9 ± 5.9 at 1st, 7th and 30th postnatal day, respectively. Isoprenaline (100 M) enhanced the activity of adenylyl cyclase from day 1, 7–30 from 46.2 ± 7.0, 79.1 ± 9.2 to 120.5 ± 7.2, respectively. The effects of forskolin and NaF on adenylyl cyclase activity was found to be not influenced within the first postnatal month. Furthermore, a developmentally controlled expression of cardiac troponin I was observed (6-fold from the first to the 28th postnatal day) whereas the level of phospholamban was found to be age-independent.In conclusion, there is an increase in the efficiency of the -adrenergic signal transfer mainly caused by a reduction of the inhibitiory G proteins and a dominance of the Gs-linked pathway in the postnatal rat heart. Furthermore the developmentally controlled expression of troponin I might be of functional importance in the cAMP-supported relaxation. Additionally, altered Gq, Go and G pattern of the developing rat ventricle may play a role in the observed change of -adrenerg-mediated heart contractility as well as in cardiac differentiation and growth processes. 相似文献
992.
993.
Christine Fischer Sabine Schweigert Cord Spreckelsen Friedrich Vogel 《Human genetics》1996,97(2):129-137
We present an overview of the variety of databases and programs that offer substantial aid to medical and molecular geneticists. Databases and expert systems for genetic diseases and birth defects, programs for segregation and linkage analysis, certain DNA and protein sequence databases, and information resources in general for molecular biology are addressed. These systems cannot be used effectively without the newly developed techniques of information exchange based on international computer networks. A short introduction is given to the Internet and to European institutions and organizations that offer help with the aquisition and use of bioinformatic resources. 相似文献
994.
Ingrid Handig Erna Dams Franco Taroni Sabine Van Laere Thierry de Barsy Patrick J. Willems 《Human genetics》1996,97(3):291-293
Deficiency of carnitine palmitoyltransferase type II (CPT II) is a clinically heterogeneous autosomal recessive disorder of lipid metabolism. The most common mutation in the CPT 11 gene is the S113L mutation, which substitutes leucine for serine at amino acid position 113. We studied an inbred family with three affected cousins with CPT II deficiency and found the S113L mutation to be present in a homozygous state in all three patients. Pedigree analysis traced the S 113L mutation back to one common ancestor. Although the patients in this family have an identical genotype at the CPT II locus, their clinical picture ranges from asymptomatic to lethal. 相似文献
995.
996.
Lena Suzuki Jeffrey P. Woessner Hidenobu Uchida† Haruko Kuroiwa Yasuhito Yuasa Sabine Waffenschmidt Ursula W. Goodenough Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa 《Journal of phycology》2000,36(3):571-583
The cell wall of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii zygotes, which forms rapidly after the fusion of wall-free gametes, provides a tractable system for studying the properties and assembly of hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins, the major proteinaceous components of green algal and plant cell walls. We report the cloning of the zsp2 gene and the analysis of its ZSP-2 product, a 58.9 kDa polypeptide that is synthesized exclusively by zygotes. The protein contains two (SP)x repeats, establishing it as a member of the cell wall hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins family. It also contains a 4-fold iteration of an amino acid sequence centered around cysteine residues, a configuration found in both plant and animal lectins. Furthermore, we report four observations on pellicle composition and production. First, cell-free preparations of the pellicle matrix are rich in hydroxyproline, arabinose, and galactose and contain bundles of very long fibrils. Second, glutathione blocks pellicle formation and results in the accumulation of long fibrils in the growth medium. Third, antibody to ZSP-2 also blocks pellicle formation. Fourth, ZSP-2 immunolocalizes to the boundary between the outer layers of the wall proper and the pellicle matrix. These observations are consistent with the possibility that the Cys-rich (glutathione-sensitive) lectin-like domains of ZSP-2 may bind to sugar residues on the long fibrils and anchor them to the cell wall, thereby initiating and maintaining pellicle formation. 相似文献
997.
998.
Sabine P Cordes 《Microbiology and molecular biology reviews》2005,69(3):426-439
In the mouse, random mutagenesis with N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) has been used since the 1970s in forward mutagenesis screens. However, only in the last decade has ENU mutagenesis been harnessed to generate a myriad of new mouse mutations in large-scale genetic screens and focused, smaller efforts. The development of additional genetic tools, such as balancer chromosomes, refinements in genetic mapping strategies, and evolution of specialized assays, has allowed these screens to achieve new levels of sophistication. The impressive productivity of these screens has led to a deluge of mouse mutants that wait to be harnessed. Here the basic large- and small-scale strategies are described, as are the basics of screen design. Finally, and importantly, this review describes the mechanisms by which such mutants may be accessed now and in the future. Thus, this review should serve both as an overview of the power of forward mutagenesis in the mouse and as a resource for those interested in developing their own screens, adding onto existing efforts, or obtaining specific mouse mutants that have already been generated. 相似文献
999.
Sabine Spijker Joyce C H van de Leemput Chantal Hoekstra Dorret I Boomsma August B Smit 《Twin research》2004,7(6):564-570
Genomics tools (gene- and protein-expression studies) can be used to find possible target genes involved in a quantifiable trait or disease state. However in many instances, cells and tissues directly involved in the trait's expression, for example, brain tissue, are not amenable for gene expression analysis. Whole blood cells share a molecular make-up for cellular communication and gene regulation systems with many other cell types, for example, neuronal cells, and have the advantage of being very accessible for gene profiling. We investigated the feasibility of nationwide blood sample collection for lymphocyte RNA isolation and real-time PCR analysis to quantify genomic responses. We tested several designs for blood collection and storage: blood sampling in PAXgene blood collection tubes and storage at -20 degrees C, blood sampling in heparin tubes and decanting the samples (with or without in-vitro stimulus) into either PAXgene blood collection tubes and storage at -20 degrees C, or polypropylene tubes followed by snap-freezing and storage at -80 degrees C. The latter procedure is the best cost-wise when only small amounts of total RNA are needed for downstream applications. Lymphocyte gene expression studies are most likely hampered by the quality of isolated RNA rather than the sampling method. We show that large-scale nationwide sample collections did not alter RNA quality or gene expression levels when compared to sampling and processing in a more controlled way. To this end, we present an optimized protocol for easy and standardized isolation of high quality RNA using the PAXgene isolation kit. Based on these results, we suggest that whole blood genomic data can be used as a genomic probe in experimental and clinical research. 相似文献
1000.
Synergy between shading and herbivory triggers macrophyte loss and regime shifts in aquatic systems
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Macrophytes play a keystone role in shallow aquatic ecosystems. In lakes, macrophytes stabilize clear‐water conditions with high biodiversity and their decline can cause a shift to a turbid state with lower biodiversity. Various mechanisms have been suggested as triggers of macrophyte collapse. Herbivory by waterfowl and fish seems to be one of the obvious factors, but the response of macrophytes to herbivory is ambiguous. We hypothesized that herbivory alone does not typically cause macrophyte collapse, but that shading from periphyton can enhance the effect of herbivores. Shading of macrophytes is supposed to increase with eutrophication due to changes in the top–down control cascading from fish via macroinvertebrates to periphyton. We elaborated on this idea by fitting a macrophyte growth model with different herbivore grazing and periphyton shading scenarios. In addition, we performed a meta‐analysis on existing experimental herbivore exclosure studies with respect to periphyton growth. The model supported our proposed hypothesis and the reviewed field studies appeared to point in the same direction. We suggest that a significant herbivore impact may indicate a reduced resilience of vegetation to eutrophication, making it an early warning signal for an imminent macrophyte collapse leading to a sudden shift of the system to turbid conditions. 相似文献