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排序方式: 共有214条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
101.
L. Dezileau P. Sabatier P. Blanchemanche B. Joly D. Swingedouw C. Cassou J. Castaings P. Martinez U. Von Grafenstein 《Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology》2011,299(1-2):289-297
Understanding long-term variability in the frequency of intense storm activity is important for assessing whether changes are controlled by climate evolution. Understanding this variability is also important for predicting present and future community vulnerability and economic loss. Our ability to make these assessments has been limited by the short (less than 50 years) instrument record of storm activity. Storm-induced deposits preserved in the sediments of coastal lagoons offer the opportunity to study the links between climatic conditions and storm activity on longer timescales. In this study, we present a record of these extreme climatic events that have occurred in the French Mediterrannean coast over the past 1500 years. The identification of these extreme events is based on the analysis of sediment cores from Gulf of Aigues-Mortes lagoons that contain a specific sedimentary and geochemical signature associated with intense storms.Overwash deposits do not show any evidence of intense storm landfalls in the region for several hundred years prior to the late 17th century A.D. The apparent increase in intense storms around 250 years ago occurs during the latter half of the Little Ice Age, a time of lower continental surface temperatures. Comparison of the sediment record with palaeoclimate records indicates that this variability was probably modulated by atmospheric dynamics. The apparent increase of the superstorm activity during the latter half of the Little Ice Age was probably due to the thermal gradient increase leading to enhanced lower tropospheric baroclinicity over a large Central Atlantic/European domain and leading to a modification of the occurrence of extreme wind events along the French Mediterranean coast. A complete understanding of the relationship between climate fluctuations, storm activity, and the coastal response will be crucial to predicting the impacts of future climate change. 相似文献
102.
Sabatier R Finetti P Adelaide J Guille A Borg JP Chaffanet M Lane L Birnbaum D Bertucci F 《PloS one》2011,6(11):e27656
Introduction
ECRG4/C2ORF40 is a potential tumor suppressor gene (TSG) recently identified in esophageal carcinoma. Its expression, gene copy number and prognostic value have never been explored in breast cancer.Methods
Using DNA microarray and array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), we examined ECRG4 mRNA expression and copy number alterations in 353 invasive breast cancer samples and normal breast (NB) samples. A meta-analysis was done on a large public retrospective gene expression dataset (n = 1,387) in search of correlations between ECRG4 expression and histo-clinical features including survival.Results
ECRG4 was underexpressed in 94.3% of cancers when compared to NB. aCGH data revealed ECRG4 loss in 18% of tumors, suggesting that DNA loss is not the main mechanism of underexpression. Meta-analysis showed that ECRG4 expression was significantly higher in tumors displaying earlier stage, smaller size, negative axillary lymph node status, lower grade, and normal-like subtype. Higher expression was also associated with disease-free survival (DFS; HR = 0.84 [0.76–0.92], p = 0.0002) and overall survival (OS; HR = 0.72 [0.63–0.83], p = 5.0E-06). In multivariate analysis including the other histo-clinical prognostic features, ECRG4 expression remained the only prognostic factor for DFS and OS.Conclusions
Our data suggest that ECRG4 is a candidate TSG in breast cancer, the expression of which may help improve the prognostication. If functional analyses confirm this TSG role, restoring ECRG4 expression in the tumor may represent a promising therapeutic approach. 相似文献103.
Zahnreich S Krunic D Melnikova L Szejka A Drossel B Sabatier L Durante M Ritter S Fournier C 《Journal of cellular physiology》2012,227(5):1932-1940
To assess why during in vitro aging of fibroblasts the maintenance of chromosomal stability is effective or occasionally fails, a detailed cytogenetic analysis was performed in normal human IMR-90 fetal lung fibroblasts. The onset of senescence was inferred from proliferation activity, expression pattern of cell cycle regulating proteins, activity of β-galactosidase, and morphological features. Over the period of proliferation, a moderate increase of non-transmissible structural chromosomal aberrations was observed. In addition, using fluorescence in situ hybridization (mFISH and mBAND) techniques, we detected clonally expanding translocations in up to 70% of the analyzed metaphases, all involving one homolog of chromosome 9 as an acceptor. Notably, chromosomes are randomly involved as donor-chromosomes of the translocated terminal acentric fragments. These fragments result from duplication because the donor chromosomes are apparently unchanged. Interstitial telomeric signals were detectable at fusion sites, most likely belonging to chromosome 9. Quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization (QFISH) detecting telomere sequences, followed by mFISH technique revealed that already in young cells the respective telomeres of one chromosome 9 were particularly short. For the first time, we have observed dysfunctional telomeres of one specific chromosome in normal human cells that have been stabilized by duplicated terminal sequences. 相似文献
104.
Inversions in evolution of man and closely related species 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
By the comparative study of the karyotypes of many Primates, 35 inversions (25 peri- and 10 paracentric) having accumulated during evolution of species related to man were reconstructed. Some of them originated human chromosomes from more ancestral chromosomes still present in other primate species. Their detection in man would indicate the occurrence of reverse mutations. Other inversions occurred in ancestral chromosomes identical to those of man, and originated chromosomes of other Primates species. Their detection in man would indicate the occurrence of a convergent mutation. It is shown that such reverse and convergent mutations do occur. They are too frequently observed than by mere chance among patients ascertained in human cytogenetic laboratories. Their excess is still larger among radiation induced inversions in human cells. This demonstrates the nonrandom occurrence of inversions. In addition, it is concluded that inversions which have accumulated during evolution are more representative of mutagenesis than those detected in human cytogenetic laboratories. 相似文献
105.
Renee C. Sabatier 《The Western journal of medicine》1987,147(6):713-715
Both on national and international levels, the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) represents a formidable challenge to social institutions and to cultural assumptions. Its effect thus far, in what must be considered the very early stages of a protracted and unprecedented epidemic, has been to exacerbate existing social tensions and divisions over a surprisingly wide field. Though international leadership by the World Health Organization has been met with an unusually high degree of multinational cooperation, AIDS has also stimulated a degree of xenophobia and racial friction that, if allowed to grow, could handicap global AIDS control and prevention efforts. 相似文献
106.
Céline Leroy Michael Guéroult Novi Sari Wahyuni Jacques Escoute Régis Céréghino Sylvie Sabatier Daniel Auclair 《Trees - Structure and Function》2009,23(1):37-49
Endogenous variations in the annual growth of trees suggest that similar trends would occur in phyllodes. In comparison to
leaves, the characteristics of phyllodes are less well known, hence this study examines the effects of architectural position
and age of tree on the phyllodes of Acacia mangium. Phyllodes were investigated on 1-, 2-, and 3-year-old trees from three axis positions within the crown. We focused on the
morphological, optical and biochemical traits of the phyllodes. The increase in phyllode area and lamina thickness is more
pronounced in the older trees. Leaf mass area (LMA), stomatal density, nitrogen and chlorophyll content increase with tree
age. The values of these characteristics decrease from the main stem to the lower branches for the older trees. Phyllode light
absorptance increased with tree age whereas reflectance was higher for the upper position compared to the lower position within
the crown. Carotenoid content and chlorophyll a/b ratio were higher for the younger phyllodes of younger trees. Increasing tree size induced modifications in the phyllode
characteristics which are influenced by both morphogenetic and light gradients within the crown. This study demonstrated pronounced
changes in terms of morphological and functional indicators of photosynthetic capacity in relation to phyllode position within
the crown and to tree age. These morphogenetic effects on the phyllode characteristics should be taken into account in studies
on phenotypic plasticity. 相似文献
107.
Oliver Zschenker Avanti Kulkarni Douglas Miller Gloria. E. Reynolds Marine Granger-Locatelli Géraldine Pottier Laure Sabatier John. P. Murnane 《DNA Repair》2009,8(8):886-900
We previously reported that a single DNA double-strand break (DSB) near a telomere in mouse embryonic stem cells can result in chromosome instability. We have observed this same type of instability as a result of spontaneous telomere loss in human tumor cell lines, suggesting that a deficiency in the repair of DSBs near telomeres has a role in chromosome instability in human cancer. We have now investigated the frequency of the chromosome instability resulting from DSBs near telomeres in the EJ-30 human bladder carcinoma cell line to determine whether subtelomeric regions are sensitive to DSBs, as previously reported in yeast. These studies involved determining the frequency of large deletions, chromosome rearrangements, and chromosome instability resulting from I-SceI endonuclease-induced DSBs at interstitial and telomeric sites. As an internal control, we also analyzed the frequency of small deletions, which have been shown to be the most common type of mutation resulting from I-SceI-induced DSBs at interstitial sites. The results demonstrate that although the frequency of small deletions is similar at interstitial and telomeric DSBs, the frequency of large deletions and chromosome rearrangements is much greater at telomeric DSBs. DSB-induced chromosome rearrangements at telomeric sites also resulted in prolonged periods of chromosome instability. Telomeric regions in mammalian cells are therefore highly sensitive to DSBs, suggesting that spontaneous or ionizing radiation-induced DSBs at these locations may be responsible for many of the chromosome rearrangements that are associated with human cancer. 相似文献
108.
Lee Stoner Manning Sabatier Kristy Edge Kevin McCully 《Journal of applied physiology》2004,96(6):2139-2145
Transient changes in arterial diameter in response to transient ischemia-induced changes in arterial blood velocity have been used as an index of vascular health. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between blood velocity and diameter in the brachial artery by different methods of increasing blood velocity. Acute cigarette smoking was used with otherwise healthy young occasional smokers to determine the influence of endothelial-nitric oxide pathways on the arterial diameter-blood velocity relationship. Nine nonsmokers and 12 occasional smokers (<1 pack/wk) were tested. Blood flow to the forearm was manipulated to indirectly investigate the relationship between blood velocity and diameter in the brachial artery. Blood flow to forearm was manipulated through the use of 1) 5-min ischemia; 2) handgrip exercise; 3) indirect local heating; and 4) 5-min ischemia plus indirect local heating. A strong relationship was observed between blood velocity and diameter independent of the method used to increase blood velocity (R(2) = 0.89). The mean slope of the velocity-diameter relationship was not different between nonsmokers and occasional smokers who abstained from smoking at least 2 days. Acute smoking did not alter the slope of the velocity-diameter relationship although the mean intercept was decreased as a result of consistent vasoconstriction (7-10%). The mechanisms by which smoking impairs vascular health are largely unknown. These findings differ from previous smoking studies that used chronic and/or heavier smokers. The velocity-diameter relationship appears independent of the method for increasing velocity. Acute smoking in occasional smokers results in vasoconstriction without altering vascular responsiveness. The velocity-diameter relationship may be a useful measure of the progression of vascular disease. 相似文献
109.
Hautier A Sabatier F Stellmann P Andrac L Nouaille De Gorce Y Dignat-George F Magalon G 《Cell and tissue banking》2008,9(1):19-29
Objective Human skin allografts are used in the treatment of severe burns and their preservation is therefore critical for optimal clinical
benefit. Current preservation methods, such as 4°C storage or cryopreservation, cannot prevent the decrease of tissue viability.
The aim of this study was to assess viability and function of skin allografts in a new skin organ culture model, allowing
conservation parameters as close as possible to physiological conditions: 32°C, air–liquid interface and physiological skin
tension.
Design Twelve skin samples, harvested from 6 living surgical donors, were conserved 35 days in two conditions: conservation at 4°C
and organ culture.
Viability and function of skin samples were investigated at Day 0, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 using cell culture methods (trypan
blue exclusion, Colony Forming Efficiency and Growth Rate), histopathological and histoenzymological studies (Ki67 immunostaining).
Results In the two conditions, fibroblast and keratinocyte viability was progressively affected by storage, with a significant decrease
observed after 35 days. No statistical difference could be observed between the two conditions. The two methods were also
comparable regarding alterations of fibroblast and keratinocyte culture parameters, which were respectively significantly
reduced at Day 7 and 21, compared to fresh skin. By contrast, histopathological and histoenzymological studies revealed a
better preservation of skin architecture and proliferative potential at 4°C, as compared to organ culture.
Conclusion These results indicate that skin organ culture does not provide significant advantages for skin allograft preservation. However,
its potential use as an experimental model to study skin physiology and wound healing should be further evaluated. 相似文献
110.
Manning J Sabatier Earl H Schwark Richard Lewis Gloria Sloan Joseph Cannon Kevin McCully 《Dynamic medicine : DM》2008,7(1):13