自拟健脾化湿汤治疗非酒精性脂肪肝53 例疗效观察

目的:观察自拟健脾化湿汤治疗脾虚湿蕴证非酒精性脂肪肝的疗效.方法:对106例脾虚湿蕴证非酒精性脂肪肝患者按就诊顺序1∶1等分为自拟健脾化湿汤方治疗组、对照组两组,每组病例53例.两组患者在强调戒酒,控制饮食,加强运动的基础上,治疗组采用自拟中药健脾化湿汤治疗,对照组选用多烯磷脂酰胆碱胶囊治疗.用药疗程为3个月,疗程结束后统计疗效.结果:两组患者症状疗效比较,治疗组明显优于对照组(P＜0.01);两组患者治疗前后肝功能变化比较,治疗组优于对照组(P＜0.05);两组患者治疗前后血脂变化比较,治疗组优于对照组(P＜0.05);两组治疗前后CT检查结果比较,治疗组优于对照组(P＜0.05).结论:自拟健脾化湿汤治疗脾虚湿蕴证非酒精性脂肪肝疗效显著.     

门诊西药房药品报损率的调查与分析

目的:调查分析西药房药品报损情况和原因,加强西药房药品的管理,规范药品报损制度.方法:通过调阅2007年至2011年我院西药房药品报损记录以及2010年与2011年医院与医药公司的退药登记本进行分析统计.结果:我院2007年至2011年药品报损率均小于0.002％,且药品报损率呈递减趋势.药品报损的主要原因为药品破损,2007年至2011年药品报损总金额为1549.78元,破损药品金额占63.30％,过期药品金额占20.06％,其他药品金额占16.64％.滞销药品退货金额占退货总金额的80％以上,成为了药房管理的隐患.结论:完善药品报损制度,加强对药品的养护,能有效地降低了药品报损率以及医院资金损失.     

磷酸肌酸钠治疗重度颅脑损伤合并心肌损害的临床观察

目的:观察磷酸肌酸钠对重度颅脑损伤合并心肌损害患者的心肌、脑组织保护作用.方法:选择60例重度颅脑损伤合并心肌损害需要手术治疗的患者随机分为治疗组30例,对照组30例,对照组采用常规治疗,治疗组加用磷酸肌酸钠至术后3天,观察两组颅内压(ICP),脑氧分压(PbrO2),心功能及心肌酶的变化情况.结果:治疗组颅内压及心肌酶明显低于对照组(P＜0.05),治疗组脑氧分压心功能明显优于对照组(P＜0.05).结论:应用磷酸肌酸钠可明显改善心脑组织微循环及能量代谢,具有良好的保护作用.     

成人动脉导管未闭合并重度二尖瓣返流的外科治疗

目的:探讨外科手术治疗成人动脉导管未闭(PDA)合并重度二尖瓣返流(MR)的疗效.方法:回顾性分析2009年1月至2011年1月在本中心实施外科手术治疗6例PDA合并MR患者的临床资料.5例实施PDA缝扎术和二尖瓣置换术,1例实施PDA缝扎术和二尖瓣成形术.分别于术前、术后1周、1月、3月和1年行超声心动图检查,观察并测定左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)和左室射血分数(LVEF)等指标的变化.结果:6例术后PDA均无残余分流.心脏彩超检查显示,术后1周与术前相比,LVEDD显著缩小(P＜0.01),术后1个月较术后1周进一步缩小(P＜0.01),术后3个月与术后1个月比较以及术后1年和术后3月比较LVEDD有所减少,但差异无统计学意义.LVEF术后比术前有所降低,但差异无统计学意义.所有病例在术后随访中未出现栓塞和出血等并发症.结论:外科手术治疗PDA合并MR疗效满意.术前单纯重度MR患者易漏诊PDA,应尽可能明确诊断.     

Phylogeographic studies of plants in China: Advances in the past and directions in the future

<正>Phylogeography has been one major focus of evolutionary biology in recent years,with many important advances in Chinese species.In this issue,we collected 11 phylogeographic studies of plants by Chinese laboratories. We further synthesized the main findings and patterns emerging from these and previous phylogeographic studies in China and asked where phylogeographic research should be directed in the coming years.Numerous examples have shown that phylogeographic patterns in China did not show an expected expansion-contraction pattern at large scale, mirroring the geological records showing that no unified ice sheet had developed in China during the Quaternary Period.Instead,regional expansions and intraspecific divergences are very common in most studied species during the Quaternary oscillations.Different intraspecific lineages or alleles(haplotypes) were detected in multiple localized refugia,from where regional or local expansions are likely to have started.Hybridizations and introgressions are frequent between intraspecific lineages or between different species.We also reviewed computational methods for phylogeographic analyses.Despite the great progress made in recent years,there remains much to discover about the spatial-temporal dimensions and underlying speciation mechanisms of Chinese plants.Phylogeographic studies represent a key knot that connects the genus phylogeny(macroevolution) and speciation and adaptation (microevolution).Therefore,we advocate that:(i) phylogeographic studies of plants in China should be directed to the closely related species or a monophyletic group(for example,a genus or a section) in the coming years;and (ii) population genetic data based on direct sequencing multiple loci,especially those from nuclear genome and statistical tests should be widely adopted and enforced.The recovered intraspecific divergences and phylogeographic patterns of multiple-species may allow us to better understand the high plant diversity in China and set up concrete hypotheses for studying plant speciation and diversification mechanisms in this region.     

Antidepressant-like behavioral and neurochemical effects of the citrus-associated chemical apigenin

Apigenin is one type of bioflavonoid widely found in citrus fruits, which possesses a variety of pharmacological actions on the central nervous system. A previous study showed that acute intraperitoneal administration of apigenin had antidepressant-like effects in the forced swimming test (FST) in ddY mice. To better understand its pharmacological activity, we investigated the behavioral effects of chronic oral apigenin treatment in the FST in male ICR mice and male Wistar rats exposed to chronic mild stress (CMS). The effects of apigenin on central monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and platelet adenylyl cyclase activity were simultaneously examined in the CMS rats. Apigenin reduced immobility time in the mouse FST and reversed CMS-induced decrease in sucrose intake of rats. Apigenin also attenuated CMS-induced alterations in serotonin (5-HT), its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), dopamine (DA) levels and 5-HIAA/5-HT ratio in distinct rat brain regions. Moreover, apigenin reversed CMS-induced elevation in serum corticosterone concentrations and reduction in platelet adenylyl cyclase activity in rats. These results suggest that the antidepressant-like actions of oral apigenin treatment could be related to a combination of multiple biochemical effects, and might help to elucidate its mechanisms of action that are involved in normalization of stress-induced changes in brain monoamine levels, the HPA axis, and the platelet adenylyl cyclase activity.     

促进人工饲养实验猕猴心理康乐

目的促进实验猕猴心理康乐,既能减少动物异常行为的发生、获得可靠的科学数据,同时也是实现这一珍贵非人灵长类实验动物福利的重要内容。实验猕猴社会化集群、环境优化、婴猴饲养方式是影响动物心理康乐几个较大的因素,本文对其研究进展进行了综述,对推进我国灵长类实验动物福利具有积极作用。     

一种视网膜锥体细胞退行性变大鼠基础生理值的测定

目的对视网膜锥体细胞退行性变（retinal cone degeneration,RCD）大鼠的主要脏器及血液、生化指标进行检测。方法随机选择BN（Brown Norway）-RCDF2代大鼠,视网膜电图鉴定,取静脉血检测生化指标,并对重要脏器进行准确称量。结果此大鼠脏器质量在雌雄之间除体重、大脑和肾差异有显著性外（P〈0.05）,其余均无差异;脏器系数脑干和小脑雌性显著大于雄性（P〈0.01）;生化指标碱性磷酸酶、葡萄糖、白蛋白、尿素氮、总蛋白雌性高于雄性,总胆固醇、天冬氨酸转氨酶、丙氨酸转氨酶、甘油三酯雌性低于雄性,其中雌性碱性磷酸酶活性显著高于雄性;雌性离子钙浓度显著高于雄性。结论BN-RCD大鼠基础生理值和生化参数均在正常范围内,其中一些参数在性别之间有差异,但与正常SD大鼠相比,天冬氨酸转氨酶、丙氨酸转氨酶、肌酐、钾离子差异显著,葡萄糖、甘油三酯、离子钙有差异。RCD大鼠为遗传性视网膜疾病的研究提供了一种新的突变模式动物。     

内源性神经干细胞与脑老化的治疗

近十几年研究发现成年人脑神经元可以再生,使人们重新认识老年脑神经细胞的可塑性,它为脑损伤的修复带来新的希望。最新研究表明,神经再生可被调控,是一种新的修复机制。这使得利用内源性神经干细胞治疗老龄相关的神经退行性疾病成为可能。