云南树鼩肝脏结构的光,电镜观察

本文报告了树肺脏的一般结构和超微结构。与人和灵长目相似，其肺实质也是由导气部和呼吸部构成。但不同的是其细支气管粘膜形成很高的皱襞。在电镜下Ｃｌａｒａ细胞电子密度高，顶部胞质中含有大量膜包颗粒，这些结构与大白鼠和家兔的结构相似。许多毛细血管外方都包绕着基膜和肺泡Ⅰ型上皮细胞的胞质。气血屏障由肺泡上皮细胞、融合的基膜和内皮细胞胞质构成。说明树肺脏不但是呼吸器官，也是一些激素和介质产生及代谢的重要器官。本文为研究树的正常生理功能及分类提供形态学资料。     

稀土元素对红豆杉细胞悬浮培养及紫杉醇合成的影响

研究了在250mL摇瓶中,不同浓度的硝酸镧、硫酸铈铵、硝酸亚铈3种稀土化合物对细胞生长及紫杉醇分泌和释放的影响。结果表明,在培养初期加入稀土元素。3种不同稀土化合物对细胞生长影响强弱不同,但趋势相似,均使细胞的延迟期缩短。1ppm的Ce^4 促进细胞生长的效果最明显。细胞干重第17d达到10.9g/L。在指数期加入稀土元素。10ppmCe^3 刺激细胞生长的效果最明显,细胞干重最高值达到11.5g/dL,比对照高1.5g/L,而10ppm的La^3 抑制细胞的生长。经稀土元素处理后,细胞胞内和胞外紫杉醇含量都有大幅度的提高,其中以10ppmCe^3 处理,胞外紫杉醇释放率最大,达37.7%。     

缙云山马尾松种群生物量生殖配置研究

 对缙云山亚热带常绿阔叶林不同演替阶段马尾松(Pinus massoniana)种群生殖器官的生物量配置进行了系统研究。结果显示从蕾期、花期到果熟期,马尾松种群生殖器官的生物量配置逐渐增加,但不同演替阶段的生殖配置格局各异。马尾松纯林各生殖阶段的生殖配置分别为1.31％,7.61％,23.25％;针阔混交林各生殖阶段的生殖配置分别为0.6％,3.29％,15.14％;林缘旷地各生殖阶段的生殖配置分别为0.76％,3.78％,18.44％。一年中缙云山马尾松种群的生殖配置动态变化呈现低一渐高一高一低的规律性。缙云山马尾松种群的生殖年龄大致可分为4个时期,即幼龄生殖期、过渡生殖期、稳定生殖期和衰退生殖期。种群密度和群落透光度与其生殖配置显著相关。     

Effects of light leaf spot (Pyrenopeziza brassicae) on yield of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus)

The relationship between development of light leaf spot and yield loss in winter oilseed rape was analysed, initially using data from three experiments at sites near Aberdeen in Scotland in the seasons 1991/92, 1992/93 and 1993/94, respectively. Over the three seasons, single-point models relating yield to light leaf spot incidence (% plants with leaves with light leaf spot) at GS 3.3 (flower buds visible) generally accounted for more of the variance than single-point models at earlier or later growth stages. Only in 1992/93, when a severe light leaf spot epidemic developed on leaves early in the season, did the single-point model for disease severity on leaves at GS 3.5/4.0 account for more of the variance than that for disease incidence at GS 3.3. In 1991/92 and 1992/3, when reasonably severe epidemics developed on stems, the single-point model for light leaf spot incidence (stems) at GS 6.3 accounted for as much of the variance. Two-point (disease severity at GS 3.3 and GS 4.0) and AUDPC models (disease incidence/severity) accounted for more of the variance than the single-point model based on disease incidence at GS 3.3 in 1992/93 but not in the other two seasons. Therefore, a simple model using the light leaf spot incidence at GS 3.3 (x) as the explanatory variable was selected as a predictive model to estimate % yield loss (y_r): y_r= 0.32x– 0.57. This model fitted all three data sets from Scotland, When data sets from Rothamsted, Rosemaund and Thurloxton in England were used to test it, this single-point predictive model generally fitted the data well, except when yield loss was clearly not related to occurrence of light leaf spot. However, the regression lines relating observed yield loss to light leaf spot incidence at GS 3.3 often had smaller slopes than the line produce, by the model based on Scottish data.     

豌豆中可与Gro EL抗体发生免疫学反应的热激诱导蛋白

通过Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ印渍方法,发现在豌豆（ＰｉｓｕｍｓａｔｉｖｕｍＬ．）叶存在一种高分子量的蛋白可与ＧｒｏＥＬ抗体发生免疫学反应,它含有两种亚基,分子量分别为６０．４ｋＤ（α）和６５．５ｋＤ（β）,具有弱的ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性。热激处理后此蛋白的表达升高３～４倍,但外源ＡＢＡ处理并不增加它的表达。用３５Ｓ标记蛋白和氯霉素抑制实验表明,此蛋白可能是在８０Ｓ核糖体上合成的胞质蛋白。     

The regulation of brood reduction in Booted Eagles Hieraaetus pennatus through habitat heterogeneity

Brood reduction, the death of one or more chicks through siblicide or starvation, can occur through density‐dependence in fecundity. Brood reduction may arise in territorial breeding systems either as a response to a high level of territorial interference in a situation of high density or as a result of habitat heterogeneity. To test the predictions of the two main hypotheses that attempt to explain how density‐dependent fecundity is generated, the Habitat Heterogeneity Hypothesis (HHH) and the Individual Adjustment Hypothesis (IAH), we analysed the relationship between density and fecundity in an expanding population of Booted Eagles in Doñana National Park, Spain, using an 18‐year data series. We also studied the occurrence and frequency of brood reduction in the same Booted Eagle population to appreciate further its effects and the factors that influence its occurrence and frequency. Our results support the HHH in the present situation of high density, as fecundity in the better territories (older and more frequently occupied) was higher than in low quality territories and was not affected by population density in high density periods. Nevertheless, the fecundity of high quality territories was affected (although not significantly) by population density in periods of low density, suggesting that the IAH was supported when only high quality territories were occupied. Older territories were used more frequently and chicks in these areas hatched earlier and suffered lower mortality than in new territories. We found a significant negative relationship between mean fecundity and its skewness, a finding that also supports HHH. During years of food shortage, less frequently occupied territories suffered higher rates of brood reduction. Brood reduction in this Booted Eagle population was a consequence of the heterogeneous structure of the habitat, with some territories having a higher probability of brood reduction than others. Parental nutritional condition did not affect brood reduction. The effect of brood reduction on nestling quality and population dynamics is also discussed.     

小球藻用于生物柴油生产的研究进展

目的:对小球藻(Chlorella)生产生物柴油的研究做一综述。方法:查阅近年来国内外小球藻用于生物柴油生产的相关文献,并进行综合分析。结果:微藻生物柴油是具有广泛发展前景的生物柴油,小球藻是目前研究较深入、非常有吸引力的、用于生产生物柴油的微藻藻种,是优质的生物柴油原料,具有其他生物柴油原料不可比拟的优势。随着工程技术的发展和研究的不断深入,探索适宜的小球藻规模化培养方法以期获得质与量兼得的高品质油脂成为研究目标,相信该目标在不久的将来就会实现。结论:小球藻在生物柴油生产领域具有广阔的发展前景。     

某坦克部队外训期间的膳食营养调查

目的:了解坦克部队官兵在野外驻训期间的膳食营养状况,为指导合理膳食提供参考依据。方法:膳食调查采用称重法,能量消耗采用生活观察法,体格检查指标包括体重和皮褶厚度。结果:每日人均禽肉、鱼虾、蔬菜等摄入水平未达到"军人食物定量"标准,而植物油摄入量则超过军标要求;VB1、VC、铁、锌、硒、碘等摄入量未达到"军人营养素供给量"标准要求;三大产能营养素供能比例不合理,脂肪摄入偏高,碳水化合物偏低;多数官兵野外驻训7 d后体重和皮褶厚度降低。结论:该部队在野外驻训期间膳食结构不够合理,部分营养素摄入量未达到军标要求,应调整膳食结构,改善官兵的营养状况。     

安徽省花生田3种常见金龟子灯诱种群数量动态分析

2009-2011年连续3年利用频振式杀虫灯调查安徽省花生田3种常见金龟子成虫的种群动态,结果表明:2009-2011年3种金龟子灯诱总数整体呈下降趋势,且诱捕量为铜绿丽金龟暗黑鳃金龟华北大黑鳃金龟。华北大黑鳃金龟趋光性差,灯诱量低;暗黑鳃金龟和铜绿丽金龟初见日一般为5月中下旬,高峰期为6月中旬,但暗黑鳃金龟比铜绿丽金龟一般晚7-10 d。金龟子出土与气候关系密切,当平均气温上升至20℃-25℃持续数日并保持上升的过程中,暗黑鳃金龟和铜绿丽金龟诱捕量增大,但性比未呈现规律性差异。     

滇石栎沿纬度梯度叶片功能性状的种内变化

对滇石栎分布区的南部边缘到北部边缘的8个种群进行取样,分析叶片的比叶重、叶密度、低温敏感度和Fv/Fm4个功能性状的变异及其相关性,主要探讨叶片功能性状的种内变化程度,种群、个体和叶片间的差异对功能性状变异的相对贡献,以及种群叶片功能性状变化与生境纬度和气温的关系。研究结果显示,4个功能性状的种内变异系数分别为16.0%、17.7%、21.1%和4.01%。种内的变异源来自种群、个体和叶片间的差异,其中种群间和叶片间的差异贡献最大。生境气温与比叶重和Fv/Fm分别有显著的负相关和正相关关系,与叶密度和低温敏感度分别呈开口向下和开口向上的抛物线变化。在4个性状的主成份分析显示,没有一个种群更靠近第1和第2主成份的原点,分布区边缘种群位于第一轴的两侧。研究结果表明,物种在分布区内为适应环境变化叶片功能性状产生变化,没有一个种群可代表物种水平上的叶片功能性状数量特征。在研究植物种功能性状的平均值或进行功能性状的种间比较时,种内变异不能被忽视。