Conformation of methylated sequences in HeLa cell 18-S ribosomal RNA: nuclease S1 as a probe

18-S rRNA from HeLa cells was digested with nuclease S1. Under the conditions employed 15% of the total nucleotides and some 50% of the methylated nucleotides were released as low-molecular-weight products. The material which was precipitable by 70% ethanol after nuclease S1 digestion was subjected to further digestion by combined T1 plus pancreatic ribonucleases or by T1 ribonuclease alone, and fingerprints were prepared. It was found that the four sites which are modified late during ribosome maturation, and which contain base modifications, were all accessible to nuclease S1. By contrast fewer than one-half of the sites which are modified early during ribosome maturation, and which contain 2'-O-methyl groups, were accessible to nuclease S1; the remainder were protected, presumably by secondary or tertiary interactions within 18-S rRNA.     

Heterogeneous staining of rat hepatocyte nuclei by HBFP technique

Synopsis The non-enzymatic histochemical technique Haematoxylin-Basic Fuchsinpicric acid (HBFP) was studied in fresh-frozen and Carnoy-fixed, paraffin-embedded rat liver sections. The hepatocyte nuclei fell into two populations and showed either a crimson red or purple staining in frozen as well as paraffin sections. The heterogeneous staining of the rat heptocyte nuclei was also present when the tissue sections were stained by Methyl Green-Pyronin stain. The differing nuclear staining was present in the isolated nuclei also. The HBFP technique, therefore, appears potentially useful when applied to liver and other tissues as well.     

Preliminary observations on plant-rock type relationships in the Shiraz-Dashte Arjan area,South-West Iran

Summary In the Dashte-Arjan area near Shiraz, rock formations appear to control the distribution of various plant species. The Fars formation (Miocene) and the Asmari-Jahrom formation (Eocene-Oligocen) sediments are characterized by distinet plant species and life forms. Among the characteristic calciphytes of Asmari-Jahrom limestones are Astragalus acutus, Amygdalus lyciodes, Cerasus microcarpa, and Fraxinus rotundifolia. The Fars formation limestones are characterized by Astragulus gossypinus, Acantholimon flexuosum, Noaea mucronata and Phlomis bruguieri, Except for Glycrrhiza glabra, white and red marls seem to have similar species, such as Alhagi maurorum and Carthamus oxyacantha. Gypsum of Fars formation has Berberis integerrima and Rosa beggeriana. Various life forms have been distinguished and were found to be confined to different rock types as well.Nomenclature of species is given in table 1.We are greately indebted to Dr. P.H. Davis and Prof. G. Pontecorvo F.R.S. for critically reading this paper and making some invaluable suggestions. We are grateful to the University Research Grant Commission for providing us a grant for this work. We are also indebted to the Dean, College of Arts & Sciences, Pahlavi University, Shiraz, Iran for providing us with a vehicle during this work.     

临泽绿洲边缘区棉花群体光合速率、蒸腾速率及水分利用效率

在甘肃河西走廊中部黑河中游绿洲边缘区,于6月下旬和8月上旬,利用Li-8100土壤碳通量测定系统与改进的同化箱联合对田间条件下早熟陆地棉(Gossypium hirsutum)品种新陆早8号的群体光合特性进行了研究.结果表明：试验地6月下旬的土壤呼吸速率和土壤蒸发速率显著高于8月上旬（P＜0.01）;棉花群体光合速率日变化均呈“单峰型”,6月下旬的群体光合速率显著高于8月上旬,其日平均值分别为（43.11±1.26）和（24.53±0.60）μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1, 差异极显著（P＜0.01）;群体蒸腾速率日变化也呈“单峰型”,6月下旬和8月上旬的日平均值分别为（3.10±0.34）和（1.60±0.26）mmol H₂O·m^-2·s^-1,两者存在极显著差异（P＜0.01）;6月下旬和8月上旬的群体水分利用效率日平均值分别为（15.67±1.77）和（23.08±5.54） mmol CO₂·mol^-1 H₂O,但差异不显著（P＞0.05）.两生育时期棉花群体光合速率与温度、光合有效辐射及土壤含水量均呈正相关关系.表明棉花群体光合速率在6月下旬和8月上旬均没有出现中午光合下调,8月由于土壤水分降低和植物叶片衰老,棉花群体光合速率和蒸腾速率显著降低,但水分利用效率并无显著下降.     

黄土高原常见造林树种光合蒸腾特征

为改善黄土丘陵沟壑区水土流失现状,该区长期以来开展了大量的植被建设,但是,植物的适应性及生长状况如何,还不十分清楚。为探讨造林树种对环境的适应性,从光合、蒸腾和生理生态指标出发,对黄土高原3个主要退耕还林树种：刺槐、沙棘、山杏的适应性进行了研究,并对其适宜性进行了评价。研究结果表明：沙棘不同坡位最大净光合速率Pmax、光补偿点LSP较其它两个树种占明显优势,特别是在上坡位Pmax、LSP分别达到了22.8μmol·m^-2s^-1、520μmol·m^-2s^-1,具有较高的同化代谢能力,该物种较适应该地区的强光环境,适宜种植于阳坡或坡顶;山杏LSP相对较低,而表观量子效率α明显高于沙棘、刺槐,并在下坡位达到最大值0.069,说明它主要利用弱光进行光合作用,适宜种植于阴坡或坡脚等弱光环境中,但由于山杏水分利用效率WUE较低,可能对环境带来不良影响,山杏叶片含水量为65.1%,明显高于其它两个树种,而叶绿素含量仅为0.94mg/g与刺槐沙棘的2.34mg/g和2.00mg/g相差很大,这可能是导致其WUE较低的一个原因;刺槐在上坡位的光合生理参数与山杏相差不大,但是随坡位下降其α、净光合速率Pn较山杏明显偏低各个坡位受限明显,容易形成老头树。     

长江中下游滩地植被与钉螺孳生关系的研究

对由莎草、苔草、狗牙根为优势种组成的杂草群落植被类型、由多种苔草、荻、为优势种组成的苔草、荻群落植被类型和由芦苇、菱笋、蒌蒿及蓼类为优势种组成的芦苇群落植被类型３种长江中下游滩地主要群落植被类型进行了钉螺密度与植被高度、钉螺密度与植被盖度之间的关系。结果表明：杂草群落植被类型,钉螺生存最适宜的植被高度为２２．０５ｃｍ、范围为１５～４７ｃｍ,钉螺生存最适宜的植被盖度为６５．２８％、范围为３５％～９０％;苔草、荻群落植被类型,钉螺生存最适宜的植被高度为２２．６９ｃｍ、范围为２０～３３ｃｍ,钉螺生存最适宜的植被盖度为６７．８０％、范围为３５％～９５％;芦苇群落植被类型,钉螺生存最适宜的植被高度为６４．８２ｃｍ、范围为７２～７８ｃｍ,钉螺生存最适宜植被盖度为６３．９５％、范围为１％～１００％。这一研究结果对通过生态工程措施控制植被因子,实现抑螺防病的策略提供科学依据     

烟粉虱携带番茄黄化曲叶病毒检测及其传入山东省的考证

【背景】番茄黄化曲叶病毒（TYLCV）是由媒介昆虫烟粉虱传播的一种双生病毒,对蔬菜及烟草等经济作物造成严重危害。前人资料表明,该病毒于2006年传人我国南方地区,2007年传人山东省,2008年后在山东各地逐渐蔓延扩散。【方法】为了考证TYLcV传人山东省的时间,本研究利用mtCOI基因对于2005和2006年7—8月份在山东省不同地区作物上共采集的15份烟粉虱样品进行了生物型鉴定,并进一步检测了烟粉虱携带TYLCV情况,同时对PCR扩增产物进行了测序分析。【结果】2005年的4份样品烟粉虱生物型均为B型,均不携带TYLCV。2006年的11份烟粉虱样品为B型与Q型混合样品,其中,2份烟粉虱样品检测到TYLCV,进一步证实该病毒为TYLCV。【结论与意义】本研究首次证实了TYLCV早在2006年就已经传入山东省。研究结果不仅对于防控该病毒具有重要指导意义,而且对于其入侵生物学研究也具有重要参考价值。