Strategies for targeting energy metabolism in Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog -mutant colorectal cancer

Alterations in cellular energy metabolism play critical roles in colorectal cancer (CRC). These alterations, which correlate to KRAS mutations, have been identified as energy metabolism signatures. This review summarizes the relationship between colorectal tumors associated with mutated KRAS and energy metabolism, especially for the deregulated energy metabolism that affects tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. Furthermore, this review will concentrate on the role of metabolic genes, factors and signaling pathways, which are coupled with the primary energy source connected with the KRAS mutation that induces metabolic alterations. Strategies for targeting energy metabolism in mutated KRAS CRC are also introduced. In conclusion, deregulated energy metabolism has a close relationship with KRAS mutations in colorectal tumors. Therefore, selective inhibitors, agents against metabolic targets or KRAS signaling, may be clinically useful for colorectal tumor treatment through a patient-personalized approach.     

The miRNA hsa-miR-6515-3p potentially contributes to lncRNA H19-mediated-lung cancer metastasis

Aberrant expression of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) contributes to all phenotypes of cancer including metastasis, which is a major cause of death in many advanced malignancies. One particular lncRNA, H19, is found to be a crucial player in cancer progression by modulating multiple microRNAs (miRNAs). In this study, we screened miRNAs possibly associated with H19 using lung carcinoma cell lines and patient with lung cancer tissues, and selected one possible hit, hsa-miR-6515-3p, to perform in vitro functional assays. Its inhibition leads to decreased proliferation and migration of SPC-A1 lung cancer cells and is in good correlation with H19-knockdown groups. These results indicate that H19 may be an epigenetic regulator of miR-6515-3p, and its dysregulation may contribute to lung cancer progression and metastasis.     

Global distribution and invasion pattern of oriental fruit fly,Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Since the start of the 20th century, many invasive alien species (IAS) have spread rapidly around the world, causing serious threats to economies, societies and the environment. Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is an important quarantine insect species in many countries that spread around the world over the last century. This review collected information on the distribution of B. dorsalis to explore the patterns of its invasion expansion. We found B. dorsalis to be distributed in 75 countries (comprised of 124 geographical distribution regions: provinces or states) in Asia, Africa, North America, South America and Oceania up to 2017. Asia and Africa were the most represented regions, accounting for 86.3% of the total number of countries. From 1910 to 1990, B. dorsalis was only found in five countries, but in the last three decades, it has experienced a sharp increase in its rate of spread, invading 70 more countries. Global temperature anomaly has significantly positive correlation with the spread of B. dorsalis. The results of this review provide a theoretical basis for understanding and predicting the continued spread of B. dorsalis under global changes.     

同翅类昆虫的雄性生殖系统及精子发生(昆虫纲:半翅目)

本文比较了同翅类昆虫雄性生殖系统的结构、减数分裂期间染色体的行为和精子尾部的超微结构。研究表明蜡蝉总科和异翅类的精巢具有被膜,而蝉总科、叶蝉总科、沫蝉总科、角蝉总科、木虱总科、蚜总科、粉虱总科和蚧总科的精巢均不具有被膜。也可以根据精巢小叶的形状将精巢分为三类,蝉总科、叶蝉总科、沫蝉总科、角蝉总科、蚜总科和粉虱总科的精巢小叶为球形,蜡蝉总科、木虱总科和蚧总科的精巢小叶为管状,而异翅类的精巢小叶为片层状。减数分裂可以被分为5类:①蝉型(Cicadoidtype);②蜡蝉型(Fulgoroidtype);③木虱型(Psyloidtype);④蚜型(Aphidoidtype);⑤粉虱型(Aleyrodoidtype)和⑥蚧型(Coccoidtype),至少具有四个类群的减数分裂前期I具有弥散期,它们是:木虱总科、蜡蝉总科、蚧总科和异翅类。除粉虱总科和蚧总科的精子尾部退化以外,其余种类的精子鞭毛均具有典型的9 9 2轴丝结构。     

东海北部滨海湿地铁氧化细菌的分布及其对不同氧气穿透深度的响应

【目的】滨海湿地生态系统位于淡水与海水交互地带,含有高浓度Fe²⁺的地下水渗透到沉积物表层形成的湿地径流和周期性潮汐淹水形成的含氧-缺氧界面有利于铁氧化细菌介导的Fe²⁺的生物氧化过程发生。然而,目前缺乏对滨海湿地生态系统中铁氧化细菌类群的全面评估。【方法】以上海崇明西沙湿地公园及浙江舟山市朱家尖岛东沙沙滩两地共5处滨海湿地沉积物为研究对象,分析沉积物的氧气穿透深度等环境参数,并基于16S rRNA基因扩增子测序技术,全面解析不同滨海湿地生态系统中细菌与铁氧化细菌的群落组成与分布特征。【结果】与崇明西沙湿地相比,朱家尖岛东沙沙滩有更深的氧气穿透深度,达到10 mm以上。非度量多尺度分析(non-metric multidimensional scaling, NMDS)统计结果表明,细菌群落结构主要受到区域位置不同导致的环境条件差异的影响,而铁氧化细菌的群落结构则受到采样的区域位置和沉积物氧气穿透深度的共同影响。崇明西沙湿地和朱家尖岛东沙沙滩的优势细菌为蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteria)、γ-变形菌纲(Gammaproteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、α-变形菌纲(Alphaproteobacteria)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria);优势铁氧化细菌为嘉利翁氏菌属(Gallionella)、红细菌属(Rhodobacter)、Lepthothrix和Sideroxydans。【结论】通过对崇明西沙湿地和朱家尖岛东沙沙滩沉积物中栖息的铁氧化菌的调查发现,铁氧化细菌的群落组成与湿地沉积物类型导致的氧气穿透深度差异具有密切联系。     

灵武长枣果实维管束韧皮部及周围细胞的超微结构特征

为了探讨灵武长枣果实光合同化物韧皮部卸载和运输的途径,该研究采用透射电镜技术,对不同发育时期灵武长枣果实维管束韧皮部及其周围薄壁细胞的超微结构特征进行了分析.结果表明:筛管/伴胞复合体及其周围韧皮薄壁细胞间在果实膨大前期富含胞间连丝,而韧皮薄壁细胞与周围库细胞以及相邻库细胞间几乎不存在胞间连丝,形成共质体隔离;筛管/伴...     

输尿管软镜结合输尿管硬镜治疗复杂上尿路结石的效果评价及对预后的影响

目的 探讨输尿管软镜协同输尿管硬镜治疗复杂上尿路结石的临床效果.方法 选择我院收治的复杂上尿路结石患者96例,按入院顺序分为对照组和观察组,每组48例.对照组采取输尿管硬镜钬激光碎石术治疗,观察组采取输尿管软镜协同输尿管硬镜钬激光碎石术治疗.比较两组患者1次性碎石成功率、结石彻底清除率、炎症反应情况以及生活质量、住院时...     

羌活与宽叶羌活的群体遗传结构和种间分化研究

为了合理利用羌活和宽叶羌活的药用植物资源,同时保护其物种多样性,该研究利用SSR分子标记技术对羌活与宽叶羌活邻域及异域分布的23个自然种群,共计227个个体进行多样性和种间分化研究.结果显示:(1)两个物种具有中等水平的遗传多样性;羌活的平均等位基因数(Na)、有效等位基因数(Ne)和期望杂合度(He)分别为2.603...     

LncRNA H19 Drives Proliferation of Cardiac Fibroblasts and Collagen Production via Suppression of the miR-29a-3p/miR-29b-3p-VEGFA/TGF-β Axis

The aim of this study was to investigating whether lncRNA H19 promotes myocardial fibrosis by suppressing the miR-29a-3p/miR-29b-3p-VEGFA/TGF-β axis. Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and healthy volunteers were included in the study, and their biochemical parameters were collected. In addition, pcDNA3.1-H19, si-H19, and miR-29a/b-3p mimic/inhibitor were transfected into cardiac fibroblasts (CFs), and proliferation of CFs was detected by MTT assay. Expression of H19 and miR-29a/b-3p were detected using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen I, collagen II, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), and elastin were measured by western blot analysis. The dual luciferase reporter gene assay was carried out to detect the sponging relationship between H19 and miR-29a/b-3p in CFs. Compared with healthy volunteers, the level of plasma H19 was significantly elevated in patients with AF, while miR-29a-3p and miR-29b-3p were markedly depressed (P < 0.05). Serum expression of lncRNA H19 was negatively correlated with the expression of miR-29a-3p and miR-29b-3p among patients with AF (r_s = –0.337, r_s = –0.236). Moreover, up-regulation of H19 expression and down-regulation of miR-29a/b-3p expression facilitated proliferation and synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM)-related proteins. SB431542 and si-VEGFA are able to reverse the promotion of miR-29a/b-3p on proliferation of CFs and ECM-related protein synthesis. The findings of the present study suggest that H19 promoted CF proliferation and collagen synthesis by suppressing the miR-29a-3p/miR-29b-3p-VEGFA/TGF-β axis, and provide support for a potential new direction for the treatment of AF.