γ谷氨酰环化转移酶对斑马鱼早期发育的影响

γ谷氨酰环化转移酶(γ-Glutamyl cyclotransferase,GGCT)是谷胱甘肽循环过程中催化L-γ-GlutamylL-amino acid分解为L-amino acid和5-oxoprodline的关键酶,在防止细胞氧化性损伤中发挥重要作用。研究以斑马鱼为模型,利用吗啡啉(Morpholino,MO)敲降GGCT,发现早期胚胎发育出现脑部发育缓慢、尾短弯曲和环心室水肿等异常表型,原位杂交检测发现脑发育相关标记基因shha、wnt8b与fgf8的表达发生改变。体外转录ggct-m RNA与GGCT-MO共注射,畸形率降低,部分脑部标记基因表达回复正常。此外,使用化学阻断剂阻断GGCT上游的γ谷氨酰转肽酶(γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase,GGT)和下游的5羟脯氨酸酶,斑马鱼胚胎产生发育停滞和水肿表型。敲降GGCT和阻断GGT都降低了胚胎的谷胱甘肽(Glutathione,GSH)的含量,研究表明γ谷氨酰环化转移酶可能通过谷胱甘肽循环在斑马鱼早期胚胎发育过程发挥重要作用。     

川西南山区大绒鼠体表寄生虫多样性调查

在四川省西南部山区选取调查点,用鼠笼(夹)加食饵诱捕大绒鼠Eothenomys miletus,采集并鉴定其体表的所有寄生虫。从7个调查地点共捕获大绒鼠127只,采集到恙螨、革螨、蚤和吸虱4大类体表寄生虫共3128只,分类鉴定为131种。大绒鼠体表寄生虫的总感染率为96.06%,总平均多度(平均个体数,虫指数)为24.63只寄生虫/每鼠。恙螨优势种为绒鼠纤恙螨Leptotrombidium eothenomydis(24.26%,450/1855);革螨优势种为金氏厉螨Laelaps chini(70.28%,506/720);蚤类优势种为方叶栉眼蚤Ctenophthalmus quadratus(47.30%,149/315)和绒鼠怪蚤Paradoxopsyllus custodis(13.65%,43/315);吸虱优势种为缺齿甲胁虱Hoplopleura edentula(95.38%,227/238)。U检验结果显示,雌、雄大绒鼠宿主间的全部体表寄生虫、恙螨和蚤的物种数和平均个体数差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Spearman相关分析结果显示,体表寄生虫与宿主身体参数(体质量)间无明显的直线相关关系,相关系数较低(r<0.3,P<0.05)。四川西南山区大绒鼠的体表寄生虫种类十分丰富,物种多样性很高,主要寄生虫类群是恙螨和革螨,并有多种传染病媒介种类。     

长链非编码RNA功能的研究进展及其与癌症的关系

长链非编码RNA(long noncoding RNA,lnc RNA)是指长度在200个核苷酸以上且不能编码蛋白质的RNA。lnc RNA起初被认为是转录噪声,但后续研究表明,许多lnc RNA只在机体特定生理状态的特定部位表达,或是只在某些特定的生物过程中表达,对特定lnc RNA的基因敲低可导致表型改变,从而证明了其是有功能的。事实上,目前的lnc RNA研究几乎覆盖所有的生理学和病理学过程,也包括癌症的发生发展。癌症是细胞失控生长所导致的一类疾病,是每年人口死亡的主要原因之一,其发生、发展机理与相应治疗策略的研究,已成为当今的一大课题。近年来,越来越多的lnc RNA被证明参与了癌症的多种发生发展过程,从而逐渐成为预防与治疗癌症的新突破口。文章就lnc RNA目前已知的功能及其与癌症的关系做一综述。     

Gene structure,phylogeny and expression profile of the sucrose synthase gene family in cacao (Theobroma cacao L.)

Journal of Genetics - In higher plants, sucrose synthase (Sus, EC 2.4.1.13) is widely considered as a key enzyme involved in sucrose metabolism. Although, several paralogous genes encoding...     

赭曲霉转化洋地黄毒苷的工艺优化和产物活性分析

以赭曲霉Rn405转化洋地黄毒苷的微生物转化工艺为研究对象,对助溶剂种类、底物浓度、金属离子种类和浓度等关键参数进行优化,确定的最优转化条件为:发酵培养基中添加1 mmol/L Mn2+离子,28℃,180 rpm振荡培养28 h时加入溶解于DMSO的底物溶液,使其终浓度为100 mg/L,然后在相同的条件下转化96 h。此时,底物的转化率和11α-羟基洋地黄毒苷元的生成率分别达到了100%和25.4%,比优化前分别提高了33.1%和14.5%。通过斯氏灌流法和Langendorff灌流法,探讨两个转化产物对蟾蜍和大鼠心肌细胞收缩能力的影响。结果表明,洋地黄毒苷元对心肌细胞收缩率的影响和底物洋地黄毒苷相当,而11α-羟基洋地黄毒苷元对心肌细胞收缩率的影响比底物洋地黄毒苷和洋地黄毒苷元均有所增强。     

Carbon nanotube powders as electrode modifier to enhance the activity of anodic biofilm in microbial fuel cells

Carbon nanotube (CNT) is a promising electrode material and has been used as an anode modifier in microbial fuel cells (MFCs). In this study, a new method of simultaneously adding CNT powders and Geobacter sulfurreducens into the anode chamber of a MFC was used, aiming to form a composite biofilm on the anode. The performance of MFCs such as startup time and steady-state power generation was investigated under conditions of different CNT powders dosages. Results showed that both the startup time and the anodic resistance were reduced. The optimal dosage of CNT powders pre-treated by acid was 4 mg/mL for the anode chamber with an effective volume of 25 mL. The anodic resistance and output voltage of the MFC with CNT powders addition were maintained around 180 Ω and 650 mV during 40 days operation, while those of the MFC without CNT powders addition increased from 250 Ω to 540 Ω and decreased from 630 mV to 540 mV, respectively, demonstrating that adding CNT powders helped stabilize the anodic resistance, thus the internal resistance and power generation during long-term operation. Based on cyclic voltammogram, the electrochemical activity of anodic biofilm was enhanced by adding CNT powders, though no significant increase of the biomass in anodic biofilm was detected by phospholipids analysis. There was no remarkable change of ohmic resistance with an addition of CNT powders revealed by current interrupt method, which indicated that the rate of mass transfer might be promoted by the presence of CNT powders.     

胶质瘢痕对神经系统损伤的保护作用

胶质瘢痕是神经系统损伤后由反应性星形胶质细胞,小胶质细胞及其分泌的细胞外基质组成。早期的研究多集中于胶质瘢痕在抑制轴突生长,神经细胞再生等方面的作用。而最新的研究表明胶质瘢痕的形成对损伤急性期神经细胞具有重要的保护作用。本文从瘢痕组织在损伤缝合和组织重构、局部免疫调节、神经再生等方面对神经损伤的保护作用进行综述。     

寡毛类纤毛虫变游虫新属的建立及基尔变游虫(新属,新组合)的形态学重描述与系统地位分析(英文)

利用蛋白银染色技术对采自青岛沿海砂隙的寡毛类纤毛虫Strombidium kielum进行了形态学重描述,发现该种在寡毛类纤毛虫中具有独一无二的纤毛下器模式,因此为其建立了1新属Varistrombidium,特征为具有5条斜穿虫体的体动基列,其中体动基列1和2延伸到虫体背部,终止于虫体尾端。对Varistrombidium kielum(Maeda&Carey,1985)nov.comb.的小亚基RNA序列分析表明,该种位于Strombidiidae科内,与其形态学相近种Omegastrombidium elegans聚在一起。同时对其小亚基RNA序列可变区2的二级结构进行了预测并与其形态学相似种进行了比较。还对Apostrombidium pseudokielum Xuet al.,2009进行了补充性描述。