排序方式: 共有185条查询结果,搜索用时 109 毫秒
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Anna Kovalchuk 《Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.)》2017,16(13):1266-1270
Based on the most recent estimates by the Canadian Cancer Society, 2 in 5 Canadians will develop cancer in their lifetimes. More than half of all cancer patients receive some type of radiation therapy, and all patients undergo radiation-based diagnostics. While radiation is one of the most important diagnostic and treatments modalities, high-dose cranial radiation therapy causes numerous central nervous system side-effects, including declines in cognitive function, memory, and attention. While the mechanisms of these effects have been studies, they still need to be further elucidated. On the other hand, the effects of low dose radiation as well as indirect radiation bystander effects on the brain remain elusive.
We pioneered analysis of the molecular and cellular effects of low dose direct, bystander and scatter radiation on the brain. Using a rat model, we showed that low dose radiation exposures cause molecular and cellular changes in the brain and impacts animal behavior. Here we reflect upon our recent findings and current state of knowledge in the field, and suggest novel radiation effect biomarkers and means of prevention. We propose strategies and interventions to prevent and mitigate radiation effects on the brain. 相似文献
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Zakharenko AM Kusaykin MI Kovalchuk SN Anastyuk SD Ly BM Sova VV Rasskazov VA Zvyagintseva TN 《Carbohydrate research》2011,346(2):243-252
The retaining endo-1,3-β-d-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.39) was isolated from the crystalline styles of the commercially available Vietnamese edible mussel Perna viridis. It catalyzes hydrolysis of β-1,3-bonds in glucans and enables to catalyze a transglycosylation reaction. Resources of mass-spectrometry for analysis of enzymatic products were studied. cDNA sequence of endo-1,3-β-d-glucanase was determined by RT-PCR in conjunction with the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) methods. The cDNA of 1380bp contains an open reading frame of 1332bp encoding a mature protein of 328 amino acids. On basis of amino acid sequence analysis endo-1,3-β-d-glucanase was classified as a glycoside hydrolase of family 16. 相似文献
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In earlier studies, we showed that abiotic stresses, such as ionizing radiation, heavy metals, temperature and water, trigger an increase in homologous recombination frequency (HRF). We also demonstrated that many of these stresses led to inheritance of high-frequency homologous recombination, HRF. Although an increase in recombination frequency is an important indicator of genome rearrangements, it only represents a minor portion of possible stress-induced mutations. Here, we analyzed the influence of heat, cold, drought, flood and UVC abiotic stresses on two major types of mutations in the genome, point mutations and small deletions/insertions. We used two transgenic lines of Arabidopsis thaliana, one allowing an analysis of reversions in a stop codon-containing inactivated β-glucuronidase transgene and another one allowing an analysis of repeat stability in a microsatellite-interrupted β-glucuronidase transgene. The transgenic Arabidopsis line carrying the β-glucuronidase-based homologous recombination substrate was used as a positive control. We showed that the majority of stresses increased the frequency of point mutations, homologous recombination and microsatellite instability in somatic cells, with the frequency of homologous recombination being affected the most. The analysis of transgenerational changes showed an increase in HRF to be the most prominent effect observed in progeny. Significant changes in recombination frequency were observed upon exposure to all types of stress except drought, whereas changes in microsatellite instability were observed upon exposure to UVC, heat and cold. The frequency of point mutations in the progeny of stress-exposed plants was the least affected; an increase in mutation frequency was observed only in the progeny of plants exposed to UVC. We thus conclude that transgenerational changes in genome stability in response to stress primarily involve an increase in recombination frequency. 相似文献
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Plant transformation efficiency depends on the ability of the transgene to successfully interact with plant host factors.
Our previous work and the work of others showed that manipulation of the activity of host factors allows for increased frequency
of transformation. Recently we reported that exposure of tobacco plants to increased concentrations of ammonium nitrate increases
the frequency of both homologous recombination and plant transgenesis. Here we tested the influence of KCl and salts of rare
earth elements, Ce and La on the efficiency of Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation. We found that exposure to KCl, CeCl3 and LaCl3 leads to an increase in recombination frequency in Arabidopsis and tobacco. Plants grown in the presence of CeCl3 and LaCl3 had higher biomass, longer roots and greater root number. Analysis of transformation efficiency showed that exposure of tobacco
plants to 50 mM KCl resulted in ~6.0-fold increase in the number of regenerated calli and transgenic plants as compared to
control plants. Exposure to various concentrations of CeCl3 showed a maximum increase of ~3.0-fold in both the number of calli and transgenic plants. Segregation analysis showed that
exposure to KCl and cerium (III) chloride leads to more frequent integrations of the transgene at a single locus. Analysis
of transgene intactness showed better preservation of right T-DNA border during transgene integration. Our data suggest that
KCl and CeCl3 can be effectively used to improve quantity and quality of transgene integrations. 相似文献
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Valeri B. Kozhemyako Galina N. Veremeichik Yuri N. Shkryl Svetlana N. Kovalchuk Vladimir B. Krasokhin Valeri A. Rasskazov Yuri N. Zhuravlev Victor P. Bulgakov Yuri N. Kulchin 《Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.)》2010,12(4):403-409
Silicatein genes are known to be involved in siliceous spicule formation in marine sponges. Proteins encoded by these genes,
silicateins, were recently proposed for nanobiotechnological applications. We studied silicatein genes of marine sponges Latrunculia oparinae collected in the west Pacific region, shelf of Kuril Islands. Five silicatein genes, LoSilA1, LoSilA1a, LoSilA2, and LoSilA3 (silicatein-α group), LoSilB (silicatein-β group), and one cathepsin gene, LoCath, were isolated from the sponge L. oparinae for the first time. The deduced amino acid sequence of L. oparinae silicateins showed high-sequence identity with silicateins described previously. LoCath contains the catalytic triad of amino acid residues Cys-His-Asn characteristic for cathepsins as well as motifs typical for
silicateins. A phylogenetic analysis places LoCath between sponge silicateins-β and L-cathepsins suggesting that the LoCath gene represents an intermediate form between silicatein and cathepsin genes. Additionally, we identified, for the first time,
silicatein genes (AcSilA and AcSilB) in nonspicule-forming marine sponge, Acаnthodendrilla sp. The results suggest that silicateins could participate also in the function(s) unrelated to spiculogenesis. 相似文献
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Svetlana N. Kovalchuk Irina Yu. Bakunina Viktor I. Emelyanenko Konstantin V. Guzev Valeri A. Rasskazov 《Carbohydrate research》2009,344(2):191-252
An endo-(1→3)-β-d-glucanase (L0) with molecular mass of 37 kDa was purified to homogeneity from the crystalline style of the scallop Chlamys albidus. The endo-(1→3)-β-d-glucanase was extremely thermolabile with a half-life of 10 min at 37 °C. L0 hydrolyzed laminaran with Km ∼ 0.75 mg/mL, and catalyzed effectively transglycosylation reactions with laminaran as donor and p-nitrophenyl β d-glucoside as acceptor (Km ∼ 2 mg/mL for laminaran) and laminaran as donor and as acceptor (Km ∼ 5 mg/mL) yielding p-nitrophenyl β d-glucooligosaccharides (n = 2-6) and high-molecular branching (1→3),(1→6)-β-d-glucans, respectively. Efficiency of hydrolysis and transglycosylation processes depended on the substrate structure and decreased appreciably with the increase of the percentage of β-(1→6)-glycosidic bonds, and laminaran with 10% of β-(1→6)-glycosidic bonds was the optimal substrate for both reactions. The CD spectrum of L0 was characteristic for a protein with prevailing β secondary-structural elements. Binding L0 with d-glucose as the best acceptor for transglycosylation was investigated by the methods of intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence and CD. Glucose in concentration sufficient to saturate the enzyme binding sites resulted in a red shift in the maximum of fluorescence emission of 1-1.5 nm and quenching the Trp fluorescence up to 50%. An apparent association constant of L0 with glucose (Ka = 7.4 × 105 ± 1.1 × 105 M−1) and stoichiometry (n = 13.3 ± 0.7) was calculated. The cDNA encoding L0 was sequenced, and the enzyme was classified in glycoside hydrolases family 16 on the basis of the amino acid sequence similarity. 相似文献
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O.?M.?Ivanova R.?H.?ZiganshinEmail author G.?P.?Arapidi S.?I.?Kovalchuk I.?V.?Azarkin A.?V.?Sorokina V.?M.?Govorun V.?E.?Radzinsky V.?T.?Ivanov 《Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry》2016,42(5):497-505
Serum samples (33 healthy women, 34 ovarian cancer, 28 colorectal cancer, 34 syphilis patients and 136 patients with various benign gynecological diseases) were analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS peptide profiling and respective predictive models were generated by genetic and supervised neural network algorithms. Classification models for pathology versus healthy control showed up to 100% sensitivity and specificity for all target diseases. However, the specificity dropped to unsatisfactory 25–40% in case of target versus nontarget disease diagnostics. Expansion of the control group to an artificial “nominal control” group by adding profiles of benign gynecological diseases considerably improved specificity of the models distinguishing ovarian cancer from healthy control and benign gynecological diseases. The suggested version of MALDI-TOF MS profiling of sera could be applied to differentiate between cancers and benign neoplasms of the same localization which is a challenging task for classical methods. To increase the specificity of diagnostic methods based on peptidome analysis of blood samples, it is necessary to identify sets of concrete peptide structures which qualitatively or quantitatively differ among patients with different diseases. 相似文献
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