非药物干预治疗物质使用障碍

物质使用障碍（substance use disorder,SUD）是一个全球性的卫生和社会问题。针对大多数成瘾性物质，目前还没有有效的治疗药物，普遍还是采用心理治疗和行为矫治。近年来，针刺、深部脑刺激（DBS）、重复经颅磁刺激（rTMS）、经颅直流电刺激（tDCS）和运动等非药物干预手段在治疗神经系统疾病的有效性逐渐得到重视。越来越多的研究也开始关注非药物干预手段在治疗SUD中的应用。本综述在文献检索（如PubMed、Google Scholar等）的基础上总结了针刺、DBS、rTMS、tDCS和运动等非药物干预手段对阿片类药物、精神活性物质、尼古丁、酒精等不同成瘾性物质的心理渴求、戒断时间、使用剂量和成瘾伴随的情绪、认知功能障碍等的影响。研究表明，针刺、DBS、rTMS、tDCS和运动等非药物干预手段可以有效降低成瘾性物质引起的心理渴求、降低物质摄入量、增加戒断时间，同时改善长期使用成瘾性物质引起的认知障碍、焦虑和抑郁样行为等。如果非药物干预手段结合药物、心理等治疗方式，效果更佳。尽管非药物干预方法在现阶段主要作为辅助性治疗手段，未来的研究应注重明确非药物干预手段的神经生物学机制，...     

Is Crowsoniella relicta really a cucujiform beetle?

Crowsoniella relicta Pace, one of the most obscure and cryptic beetle taxa, was recently transferred from Archostemata to the polyphagan series Cucujiformia. We discuss the arguments in favour of this hypothesis. The placement of the species is evaluated with a cladistic approach and two different morphological data sets: one aiming mainly to clarify the relationships of extinct and extant archostematans, and one aimed at resolving species‐level phylogeny for the suborder. The results suggest clearly that a position of Crowsoniella within a polyphagan subgroup is very unlikely, and that a placement in Archostemata is justified and should be maintained. Due to the serious lack of anatomical information, non‐destructive µ‐CT scanning of enigmatic taxa like Crowsoniella Pace and Sikhotealinia Lafer should have high priority.     

Facial expression (mood) recognition from facial images using committee neural networks

Background  

Facial expressions are important in facilitating human communication and interactions. Also, they are used as an important tool in behavioural studies and in medical rehabilitation. Facial image based mood detection techniques may provide a fast and practical approach for non-invasive mood detection. The purpose of the present study was to develop an intelligent system for facial image based expression classification using committee neural networks.     

中国黄蚜小蜂属一新记录种及其蛹的个体发育

记述了中国黄蚜小蜂属一新记录种—桑氏黄蚜小蜂 Aphytis sankarani Rosen et DeBach，描述了桑氏黄蚜小蜂的形态特征，观察了蛹的个体发育，并提供了重要鉴别特征的照片。     

窄带成像内镜、染色内镜及常规内镜模式诊断结直肠增生性病变的应用价值比较研究

目的:探讨窄带成像内镜(NBI)、染色内镜及常规内镜模式鉴别诊断非肿瘤性、肿瘤性结直肠增生性病变的应用价值。方法:选择2017年2月至2019年3月西安市中心医院消化科收治的结直肠增生性病变患者,均行NBI、染色内镜、常规内镜检查。比较三种模式图像清晰度以及鉴别诊断非肿瘤性、肿瘤性结直肠增生性病变的效能。结果:NBI、染色内镜模式图像质量评分分布优于常规内镜(P<0.05),NBI图像质量评分分布优于染色内镜模式(P<0.05)。以病理结果为准,常规内镜结直肠增生性病变检出率73.13%,NBI 91.04%,染色内镜96.26%,NBI、染色内镜结直肠增生性病变检出率高于常规内镜(P<0.05),NBI、染色内镜比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。NBI模式下检测NBI分型与病理组织学结果一致性较好(kappa值=0.801,P<0.05)。NBI、染色内镜诊断肿瘤性结直肠增生性病变的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、准确度均明显高于常规内镜,染色内镜、NBI、常规内镜诊断肿瘤性结直肠增生性病变的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.844(95%CI:0.812~0.956)、0.921(95%CI:0.860~0.982)、0.750(95%CI:0.651~0.848)。结论:NBI、染色内镜在鉴别非肿瘤性和肿瘤性结直肠增生性病变方面效能相似,均优于常规内镜,NBI分型与病理组织学结果一致性高,更适合结直肠增生性病变的鉴别诊断。