慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并糖尿病患者肺部真菌感染病原学及易感因素分析

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)合并糖尿病患者肺部真菌感染的病原学及易感因素。方法对58例COPD合并糖尿病肺部真菌感染患者进行病原学及预后分析,并与无糖尿病的COPD真菌感染患者76例进行比较。结果 2组患者病原菌均以白色念珠菌占首位,研究组真菌发病率高于对照组,预后较对照组更差。抗生素、年龄、糖皮质激素和营养状态等因素对2组患者真菌感染的影响差异无统计学意义。结论白色念珠菌仍是COPD患者肺部真菌感染的主要致病菌。糖尿病增加COPD患者感染真菌的风险,并且加重病情,影响预后。     

切除肾上腺对大鼠自身免疫性脑脊髓炎敏感性的影响

目的研究肾上腺切除导致下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(HPA)轴功能缺陷对Wistar大鼠诱发的实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)的敏感性的影响。方法 Wistar大鼠单、双侧肾上腺切除后,用GPSCH-CFA诱导各组大鼠产生EAE,并观察临床评分、MBP抗体、皮质醇、Th1细胞因子和脑组织Bcl-2/Bax蛋白表达的变化,并与Lewis大鼠的EAE模型进行比较。结果 GPSCH-CFA诱导后,双侧切除肾上腺的Wistar大鼠平均神经症状评分最高为4.60分,发病率为100%,血清中皮质醇水平明显降低和MBP抗体水平明显升高,IFN-γ、TNF-α和IL-2水平均明显升高,大脑皮层和下丘脑中Bcl-2蛋白表达均明显降低和Bax蛋白表达均明显升高。结论双侧肾上腺切除导致HPA功能缺陷能显著增加Wistar大鼠诱发EAE的敏感性。     

Rejecting strictly allopatric speciation on a continental island: prolonged postdivergence gene flow between Taiwan (Leucodioptron taewanus,Passeriformes Timaliidae) and Chinese (L. canorum canorum) hwameis

Allopatry is conventionally considered the geographical mode of speciation for continental island organisms. However, strictly allopatric speciation models that assume the lack of postdivergence gene flow seem oversimplified given the recurrence of land bridges during glacial periods since the late Pliocene. Here, to evaluate whether a continental island endemic, the Taiwan hwamei (Leucodioptron taewanus, Passeriformes Timaliidae) speciated in strict allopatry, we used weighted‐regression‐based approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) to analyse the genetic polymorphism of 18 neutral nuclear loci (total length: 8500 bp) in Taiwan hwamei and its continental sister species, the Chinese hwamei (L. canorum canorum). The nonallopatry model was found to fit better with observed genetic polymorphism of the two hwamei species (posterior possibility = 0.82). We also recovered unambiguous signals of nontrivial bidirectional postdivergence gene flow (N_em » 1) between Chinese hwamei and Taiwan hwamei until 0.5 Ma. Divergence time was estimated to be 3.5 to 2 million years earlier than that estimated from mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences. Finally, using the inferred nonallopatry model to simulate genetic variation at 24 nuclear genes examined showed that the adiponectin receptor 1 gene may be under divergent adaptation. Our findings imply that the role of geographical barrier may be less prominent for the speciation of continental island endemics, and suggest a shift in speciation studies from simply correlating geographical barrier and genetic divergence to examining factors that facilitate and maintain divergence, e.g. differential selection and sexual selection, especially in the face of interpopulation gene flow.     

补骨脂素对TCP磨损颗粒所致大鼠成骨细胞损伤的干预作用及其机制

目的: 探讨补骨脂素(psoralen)对TCP磨损颗粒诱导成骨细胞损伤的影响及其分子机制。方法: 通过消化法从SD大鼠乳鼠颅骨中获取原代的成骨细胞,应用碱性磷酸酶(ALP)染色鉴定成骨细胞。TCP磨损颗粒(0.1 mg/ml)与成骨细胞共孵育48 h构建成骨细胞损伤的体外实验模型,实验随机分为正常对照组(Control)、模型(TCP)组和psoralen(10^-7 mol/L、10^-6 mol/L和10^-5 mol/L)组。WST法和流式细胞术分别检测各组成骨细胞活性变化和凋亡情况;化学比色法检测成骨细胞中ALP活性;各组成骨细胞培养14 d后应用茜素红S染色观察矿化结节形成。Western blot法检测各组成骨细胞中葡萄糖调节蛋白78/94(GRP78/94)、肌醇依赖酶1α(IRE1α)、剪切型X盒结合蛋白1(XBP1s)和磷酸化c-Jun氨基末端激酶(p-JNK)等蛋白质的表达。结果: 与Control组比较,TCP组成骨细胞活性、ALP活性和矿化结节的生成显著降低(P＜0.05),细胞凋亡率、GRP78/94、IRE1α、XBP1s和p-JNK等蛋白质表达明显增加(P＜0.05);与TCP组比较,补骨脂素各组成骨细胞损伤情况明显减轻,细胞凋亡率显著减少(P＜0.05),GRP78/94、IRE1α、XBP1s和p-JNK等蛋白质表达也明显下降(P＜0.05)。结论: 补骨脂素可抑制TCP磨损颗粒诱导的IRE1α-XBP1s-JNK信号通路的激活,阻止TCP颗粒所致的成骨细胞损伤及凋亡。     

乙酰转移酶基因NAA10的生物学功能及其在肿瘤中的作用

N端乙酰转移酶A（N-acetyltransferase A, NatA）复合体是真核生物最主要的N端氨基酸α位乙酰转移酶,N端α位乙酰转移酶10基因（N-α-acetyltransferase 10, NAA10）编码的N端α位乙酰转移酶10蛋白（N-α-acetyltransferase 10 protein, Naa10p）是NatA的催化亚基. Naa10p具备新生蛋白质N端氨基酸α位乙酰化活性、成熟蛋白质Lys残基ε位乙酰化活性以及对部分转录因子的协同调节作用. Naa10p能够通过调节细胞周期促进细胞增殖,通过调节雷帕霉素靶蛋白（mechanistic target of rapamycin, mTOR）通路促进细胞自噬,并通过多种不同的分子信号通路抑制细胞运动能力.根据乙酰化底物的不同,Naa10p还在细胞凋亡的调控中起双重作用. Naa10p参与的生物学过程还涉及血管生成和神经发育等. Naa10p在多种癌症组织中呈过表达,但其预后意义随肿瘤不同而有较大差别.对Naa10p的生理生化研究必将使我们对细胞的生理病理学过程及其机制的了解更加深入全面.本文将从蛋白质结构、机制功能及临床意义等不同角度系统地阐述NAA10的研究现状与进展.     

SDF-1α inhibits hypoxia and serum deprivation-induced apoptosis in mesenchymal stem cells through PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 signaling pathways

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been demonstrated to be a promising cell sources for cardiac regeneration. Poor survival rate of transplanted BMSCs in infarcted myocardium attenuated its clinical application. It’s reported that stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) could protect progenitor cells including endothelial progenitor cells and embryonic stem cells from apoptosis. But little is known whether SDF-1α protein has the same protective effects on BMSCs under conditions of hypoxia and serum deprivation (hypoxia/SD). In present study, we verified that SDF-1α (0.50–2.0 μg/ml) inhibited hypoxia/SD induced apoptosis of BMSCs through mitochondrial pathway. After administration of SDF-1α, the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and cytochrome c released from mitochondria to cytosol were significantly inhibited, and caspase 3 activity also declined. Furthermore, the effect of SDF-1α on mitochondrial pathway was neutralized by using PI3K inhibitor (Wortmannin) and ERK1/2 inhibitor (U0126). Our observations suggested that SDF-1α inhibits hypoxia/SD induced BMSCs apoptosis through PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. These data also imply that the anti-apoptotic effect mediated by SDF-1α may enhance cell survival after cell transplantation.