棕色脂肪组织与心血管疾病的关系

棕色脂肪组织 (BAT)是由棕色脂肪细胞和血管基质成分 (SVF)组成,其中SVF中包括内皮细胞、淋巴细胞、成纤维细胞以及具有多种分化功能的干细胞,在调节心血管健康与疾病上扮演着重要角色,参与心血管疾病的发生与发展。一方面,BAT通过能量代谢以及自分泌或旁分泌方式分泌的细胞因子对机体产生重要影响。BAT可以作用于心血管系统,发挥抗炎、抗心室重构等作用,从而对心血管起到保护作用。另一方面,脂肪组织来源干细胞的发现与应用,也为心血管疾病的治疗提供了有效途径。本文回顾了BAT自发现以来在人体及动物模型上的相关研究进展,论述了其与心血管损伤的相关性。     

Central zone of myocardial infarction: a neglected target area for heart cell therapy

The purpose of this study was to investigate the fate of transplanted cells in the central zone of myocardial infarction (MI), and to clarify the relationship between the injection-site impact and the efficacy of cell therapy. MI was created by coronary ligation in female rats. Three weeks later, 3-million labelled male bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were directly injected into the border (BZC group) or central zone (CZC group) of MI area. As a control, culture medium was injected into the same sites. Cell survival was evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and apoptosis was assayed with TUNEL and caspase-3 staining. Four weeks after transplantation, heart function and cardiac morphometry were evaluated by echocardiography and Masson's Trichrome staining, respectively. Angiogenesis and myogenesis were detected by immunofluorescence staining. After cell transplantation into the border or central zone, there was no cell migration between the different zones of MI. BMSCs in the CZC group exhibited no difference in apoptotic percentage, in the long-term survival, when compared with those in the BZC group. However, they did effectively promote angiogenesis and cellular myogenic differentiation. Although cell delivery in the central zone of MI had no effect on the recovery of heart function compared with the BZC group, the retained BMSCs could still increase the scar thickness, and subsequently exhibit a trend in the reverse remodelling of ventricular dilation. Hence, we concluded that the central zone of MI should not be ignored during cell-based therapy. Multiple site injection (border+central zone) is strongly recommended during the procedure of cell transplantation.     

The Mitochondrial Phosphate Transporters Modulate Plant Responses to Salt Stress via Affecting ATP and Gibberellin Metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana

The mitochondrial phosphate transporter (MPT) plays crucial roles in ATP production in plant cells. Three MPT genes have been identified in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here we report that the mRNA accumulations of AtMPTs were up-regulated by high salinity stress in A. thaliana seedlings. And the transgenic lines overexpressing AtMPTs displayed increased sensitivity to salt stress compared with the wild-type plants during seed germination and seedling establishment stages. ATP content and energy charge was higher in overexpressing plants than those in wild-type A. thaliana under salt stress. Accordingly, the salt-sensitive phenotype of overexpressing plants was recovered after the exogenous application of atractyloside due to the change of ATP content. Interestingly, Genevestigator survey and qRT-PCR analysis indicated a large number of genes, including those related to gibberellin synthesis could be regulated by the energy availability change under stress conditions in A. thaliana. Moreover, the exogenous application of uniconazole to overexpressing lines showed that gibberellin homeostasis was disturbed in the overexpressors. Our studies reveal a possible link between the ATP content mediated by AtMPTs and gibberellin metabolism in responses to high salinity stress in A. thaliana.     

中国外来入侵植物的学名考证（2）

报道中国外来入侵植物的文献众多,然而不少物种的学名使用混乱。不同时期、不同地区的不同作者在报道同一物种时,使用不同的学名,或因中文名相近,将其他物种作为外来入侵植物报道,从而给入侵植物的研究造成混乱。依据最新植物志等权威资料,对国内文献报道的20种入侵植物的学名进行了考证,包括中名、异名,原产地及其在国内外的扩散情况以及必要的讨论等。     

不同麻醉方法对大鼠血气电解质及能量代谢的影响

目的探讨不同麻醉方法和不同麻醉药物对大鼠血气、电解质及能量代谢的影响。方法采用异氟烷、乙醚吸入麻醉,戊巴比妥钠、水合氯醛腹腔注射麻醉,经腹主静脉取血,经血气一电解质分析仪全自动分析测定,观察不同麻醉方法和麻醉药物对大鼠血气、电解质及能量代谢的影响。结果异氟烷吸人麻醉组Na’离子浓度略低于戊巴比妥钠腹腔注射组（P〈0．05）;戊巴比妥钠腹腔注射组Ca2离子浓度显著低于其他三组（P〈0．01）;吸入麻醉组的Mg2离子浓度显著高于药物腹腔注射麻醉组（P〈O．05,P〈0．01）;水合氯醛腹腔注射组Lac含量显著高于乙醚和戊巴比妥钠麻醉组（P〈0．01）;吸人类麻醉药能较好的维持较高的PO2、SO2、O2Ct和A（肺泡气中氧分压）,而BE-ECF、BE-B、PCO2、HC03-和TCO2降低,表明不同麻醉药均有不能程度的引起大鼠静脉血血气、电解质及能量代谢产物的改变。结论不同麻醉药物均有不同程度的引起大鼠静脉血血气、电解质及能量代谢产物的改变,异氟烷和乙醚对动物机体心血管、神经系统具有一定的保护作用,机体损害较少,而戊巴比妥钠腹腔注射对动物机体心血管、神经系统具有一定的抑制作用,机体损害较大。因此,在使用麻醉药时应合理选用和控制,避免由于麻醉引起实验误差。     

妊娠对于父源性皮肤移植存活时间的影响

母胎耐受机制的阐明,将为器官移植免疫耐受方案的研究提供重要启示.本研究旨在阐明妊娠状态对父系来源移植皮片的存活是否有保护作用.2月龄雌性C57BL/6小鼠和2～4月龄BALB/c雄性小鼠同笼受孕.采用流式细胞技术确定妊娠过程中调节性T细胞（Treg）比例的时间变化规律.以单向混合淋巴细胞反应（MLR）手段比较研究妊娠对于父系来源脾细胞刺激后产生的增殖反应的影响.通过同种异体小鼠全厚皮片移植模型,观察妊娠对于父系来源移植皮片的存活是否具有保护作用.并用分子生物学技术研究此种效能的可能机制.结果显示,C57BL/6小鼠妊娠过程中,Treg占CD4＋T细胞的比例从妊娠前的4.2%逐渐上升,受孕8天左右达到高峰值（6.8%）,此后开始下降并逐渐回复至基线水平.MLR结果表明,针对父系来源脾细胞的刺激,妊娠组较对照组呈现显著的低反应性,其平均刺激指数分别是7.8和13.6（P〈0.05）.定量PCR研究表明,血红素加氧酶-1和吲哚胺2,3双加氧酶mRNA在胎盘高表达,在脾脏低表达（P〈0.05）.父系来源的移植皮片的平均存活时间在妊娠组和非妊娠组分别是7.67和7.08天,无统计学差异（P〉0.05）.由此认为,在小鼠妊娠过程中,尽管出现了具有免疫抑制功能的Treg的比例增加,尽管有针对父系来源刺激细胞的较低的MLR反应性,但是单次妊娠对于父系来源的移植皮片的存活,在本研究条件下,未能显示具有统计学意义的保护作用.     

猫视皮层神经元对光栅反应最优方位在视网膜上分布特性的研究

用金属微电极记录了114个猫皮层17、18区细胞对不同方位光栅图象刺激的反应。细胞最优方位与其感受野中心在视网膜的位置间有系统性关系,即最优方位总是倾向于垂直于各感受野中心与视网膜中心区(area centralis)的连线。这一规律对在18区或17、18区全体记录到的细胞而言,有统计意义。 在17、18区内,仅对于感受野位于视网膜离心度(eccentricity)大于9°视角的细胞、具有较窄感受野(宽度小于2.5°)的细胞以及感受野处于视网膜垂直经线附近的细胞,上述规律才有统计意义,而对感受野离心度小于9°的细胞、感受野宽度大于2.5°的细胞以及感受野在倾斜经线附近的细胞,上述规律不明显。     

Isolation of 24 novel cDNA fragments from microdis—sected human chromosome band

INTRODUCTIONTheprocedure0fhu1nangenecl0ningandidentificationhasbeengreatlypro-pelledbytherapidprogress0fhumangen0memappingandsequencing[1].P0sitionalcloningisthemainstrategyusedinhumangenecl0ning,especiallyindiseaJse-relatedgenecloning.Is0latillggenesfr0l…     

Torsional Tribological Behavior and Torsional Friction Model of Polytetrafluoroethylene against 1045 Steel

In this work, the plane-on-plane torsional fretting tribological behavior of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) was studied. A model of a rigid, flat-ended punch acting on an elastic half-space was built according to the experimental conditions. The results indicate that the shape of T–θ curves was influenced by both the torsional angle and the normal load. The torsion friction torque and wear rate of PTFE exponentially decreased when the torsion angle rose. The torsional torque increased from 0.025 N·m under a normal load of 43 N to 0.082 N·m under a normal load of 123 N. With sequentially increasing normal load, the value of torque was maintained. With rising normal load, the wear mass loss of PTFE disks was increased and the wear rate was decreased. Good agreement was found with the calculated torque according to the model and the experimental torque except for that under a normal load of 163 N. The difference under a normal load of 163 N was caused by the coefficient of friction. Usually the coefficient of friction of a polymer decreases with increasing normal load, whereas a constant coefficient of friction was applied in the model.