Zn诱导的菹草叶抗氧化酶活性的变化和超微结构损伤

本文以培养在不同浓度梯度Zn 溶液中的菹草为材料, 研究Zn 对植物的影响。培养第5天, 测定叶内抗氧化酶系统活性等指标的变化, 并用透射电镜观察对细胞超微结构的损伤。结果表明:低浓度(<20mg/L)在短期内(5d)未对菹草产生影响, 各生理指标呈上升趋势。当培养浓度为50mg/L 时SOD 和CAT 活性达到峰值, 而其他指标则下降:其中POD 活性和叶绿素含量高于对照, 而可溶性蛋白含量则比对照低。100mg/L 培养浓度各指标均明显降低。同时电镜观察发现过量Zn 损伤了细胞的超微结构。当培养浓度大于50mg/L 时, 叶绿体被膜断裂, 叶绿体解体。线粒体脊突膨大, 线粒体空泡化。细胞核核膜断裂, 核仁散开。这说明过量Zn 削弱了细胞抗氧化酶的活性, 同时对细胞超微结构产生致死性损伤, 从而导致细胞死亡。     

小麦耐盐种质的筛选鉴定和耐盐基因的标记

通过对 40 0份材料的芽期、苗期鉴定 ,筛选出 11份耐盐性较强的普通小麦 (TriticumaestivumL .)、小麦和黑麦 (SecalecerealeL .)、小麦和延安赖草 (Leymuschinensis (Trin .)Tzvel.)杂交后代材料 ,其中耐盐性突出的材料有 :普通小麦品种“红蚂蚱”、“科遗 2 6”、“希望”(Hope) ;小麦与黑麦杂交后代材料 98_46、98_113、98_131;小麦与延安赖草杂交后代材料 98_16 0、98_16 1、98_16 3。耐盐性表现最突出的材料是 98_113和 98_16 0。细胞学鉴定和原位杂交及醇溶蛋白酸性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳 (A_PAGE)分析和低分子量谷蛋白SDS_PAGE分析 ,证明 98_113是稳定的小麦 黑麦二体附加系 ,但具体附加的是黑麦的哪条染色体还不清楚 ;98_131是小麦 黑麦 1B/ 1R易位系。结合其他 1B/ 1R材料的耐盐表现 ,提出了黑麦 1R染色体短臂上存在耐盐基因的可能性。对 (98_16 0×BanacakaMska)F2 代分离群体苗期抗盐鉴定分析 ,表明在这一杂交组合中的耐盐性状可能由一个主效基因控制。应用SSR标记技术 ,筛选到了与 98_16 0耐盐性状连锁的SSR标记WMS6 7和WMS2 13,它们与耐盐基因的遗传距离分别为 13.9cM (centMorgan)和 31.0cM。结合小麦SSR图谱分析 ,将该主效抗性基因定位在 5BL上。     

浙江天童太白山不同群落植物构型比较

植物构型是植株构件在空间上的分配方式,反映了植物对环境的响应策略。通过对浙江天童太白山海拔差异很小的栲树(Castanopsis fargesii)、小叶青冈(Cyclobalanopsis gracilis)和云山青冈(Cyclobalanopsis sessilifolia)群落类型中所有植株的树高、树冠厚度、树冠面积、叶片聚集度、枝下高和距地45 cm基径等植物构型性状,以及树冠曝光指数、土壤含水率、空气温湿度、土壤p H值和风速6个环境因子的测定,分别分析乔灌木层植物构型性状及性状关系在3个群落间的变化规律。结果表明:(1)从栲树到小叶青冈至云山青冈群落,灌木层的树高、树冠厚度、枝下高和距地45 cm基径增加,叶片聚集度减小;乔木层的树高、树冠厚度、树冠面积、枝下高和距地45 cm基径均减小,叶片聚集度增大;(2)3个群落灌木层构型性状间显著相关(P0.001),而乔木层只在中低海拔群落存在相关性;(3)从栲树到小叶青冈至云山青冈群落,乔灌木层的冠层曝光指数显著增加(P0.05);(4)多元逐步回归表明,树冠曝光指数对灌木层构型性状变异的贡献最大,而风速、土壤含水率和p H值对乔木构型性状的变异起主导作用。综上得知,天童太白山乔灌木植物在不同群落间存在构型分异,植物对光资源的竞争是引起灌木构型在不同群落间变化的主要驱动因子,而对乔木植物,其构型变化更多受到风速和土壤含水量的影响。     

鲢快速逃逸游泳行为研究

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Noninvasive Evaluation of Metabolic Tumor Volume in Lewis Lung Carcinoma Tumor-Bearing C57BL/6 Mice with Micro-PET and the Radiotracers 18F-Alfatide and 18F-FDG: A Comparative Analysis

Purpose

To explore the value of a new simple lyophilized kit for labeling PRGD₂ peptide (¹⁸F-ALF-NOTA-PRGD₂, denoted as ¹⁸F-alfatide) in the determination of metabolic tumor volume (MTV) with micro-PET in lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) tumor-bearing C57BL/6 mice verified by pathologic examination and compared with those using ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET.

Methods

All LLC tumor-bearing C57BL/6 mice underwent two attenuation-corrected whole-body micro-PET scans with the radiotracers ¹⁸F-alfatide and ¹⁸F-FDG within two days. ¹⁸F-alfatide metabolic tumor volume (V_RGD) and ¹⁸F-FDG metabolic tumor volume (V_FDG) were manually delineated slice by slice on PET images. Pathologic tumor volume (V_Path) was measured in vitro after the xenografts were removed.

Results

A total of 37 mice with NSCLC xenografts were enrolled and 33 of them underwent ¹⁸F-alfatide PET, and 35 of them underwent ¹⁸F-FDG PET and all underwent pathological examination. The mean ± standard deviation of V_Path, V_RGD, and V_FDG were 0.59±0.32 cm³ (range,0.13~1.64 cm³), 0.61±0.37 cm³ (range,0.15~1.86 cm³), and 1.24±0.53 cm³ (range,0.17~2.20 cm³), respectively. V_Path vs. V_RGD, V_Path vs. V_FDG, and V_RGD vs. V_FDG comparisons were t = -0.145, P = 0.885, t = -6.239, P<0.001, and t = -5.661, P<0.001, respectively. No significant difference was found between V_Path and V_RGD. V_FDG was much larger than V_RGD and V_Path. V_RGD seemed more approximate to the pathologic gross tumor volume. Furthermore, V_Path was more strongly correlated with V_RGD (R = 0.964,P<0.001) than with V_FDG (R = 0.584,P<0.001).

Conclusions

¹⁸F-alfatide PET provided a better estimation of gross tumor volume than ¹⁸F-FDG PET in LLC tumor-bearing C57BL/6 mice.     

泸型酒酒醅中梭菌群落的发酵演替规律和功能预测

【目的】研究泸型酒酒醅中梭菌(Clostridia)群落的演替规律,探讨梭菌群落在酒醅发酵过程中的潜在功能。【方法】利用实时荧光定量PCR技术结合高通量测序技术研究不同发酵时间泸型酒酒醅中梭菌丰度变化;通过梭菌16S r RNA基因序列高通量测序数据分析揭示梭菌群落演替规律,并运用LEf Se分析找出标志性OTU;通过PICRUSt分析对梭菌功能组成进行预测。【结果】泸型酒发酵过程酒醅中梭菌的生物量在发酵14 d上升至最高(3.46×10~7 copies/g),梭菌占总细菌的相对丰度在发酵20 d达到最高(6.67%);对梭菌群落结构的聚类分析结果表明,发酵7 d的酒醅梭菌群落结构显著区别于其他发酵时间,主要体现为存在17个标志性OTU,其中大部分分类学地位尚不明确;PICRUSt分析显示梭菌主要参与氨糖与核糖代谢、磷酸戊糖途径,其次是果糖和甘露糖代谢、TCA循环、糖酵解途径、丙酸及丁酸代谢。【结论】泸型酒酒醅中梭菌的生物量和占细菌的相对丰度在发酵开始后的2-3周内逐渐达到最高,而梭菌群落的结构则在发酵1周内便发生了显著改变,并在发酵2-3周内趋于稳定。在发酵2-3周时有较多与丙酸、丁酸等风味物质代谢相关的基因在酒醅梭菌中被预测到。     

稻米蒸煮营养品质性状的遗传研究进展

稻米品质越来越成为我国稻米市场的决定因素.本文对包括稻米直链淀粉含量、糊化温度、胶稠度、蛋白质含量和氨基酸的遗传,以及对上述品质性状间及其与某些农艺性状间的相关性进行了综述.     

不同提取剂对粗细菌素提取效果的影响

摸索并建立了粗提细菌素的方法。从粗提细菌素的能力和活性保留两个方面,比较了酸沉淀法和硫酸铵沉淀法的优劣。结果发现,相对于硫酸铵沉淀法,酸沉淀法能够获得更多的粗细菌素,蛋白总量提高了28.7%。且酸沉淀法得到的粗细菌素的比活性比硫酸铵沉淀法提高了55.5%,单位效价是硫酸铵沉淀法的2倍。比较了不同有机溶剂抽提以上沉淀物,综合考虑细菌素得率及活性,发现三氯甲烷的抽提效果较好。     

Sirtuin 5 regulates the proliferation,invasion and migration of prostate cancer cells through acetyl‐CoA acetyltransferase 1

Sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) is a NAD⁺‐dependent class III protein deacetylase, and its role in prostate cancer has not yet been reported. Therefore, to explore the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer, we investigated the effect of SIRT5 on prostate cancer. Sirtuin 5 was assessed by immunohistochemistry in 57 normal and cancerous prostate tissues. We found that the tissue expression levels of SIRT5 in patients with Gleason scores ≥7 were significantly different from those in patients with Gleason scores <7 (P < .05, R > 0). Further, mass spectrometry and pathway screening experiments showed that SIRT5 regulated the activity of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, which in turn modulated the expression of MMP9 and cyclin D1. Being a substrate of SIRT5, acetyl‐CoA acetyltransferase 1 (ACAT1) was regulated by SIRT5. SIRT5 also regulated MAPK pathway activity through ACAT1. These results revealed that SIRT5 promoted the activity of the MAPK pathway through ACAT1, increasing the ability of prostate cancer cells to proliferate, migrate and invade. Overall, these results indicate that SIRT5 expression is closely associated with prostate cancer progression. Understanding the underlying mechanism may provide new targets and methods for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.     

中国同脉缟蝇亚属种团划分及二新种记述(双翅目,缟蝇科)(英文)

记述了中国同脉缟蝇亚属20个种团,其中17个种团,即异突同脉缟蝇种团H.(H.)abnormis group,双带同脉缟蝇种团H.(H.)bistriata group,短突同脉缟蝇种团H.(H.)brevis group,台湾同脉缟蝇种团H.(H.)formosae group,河南同脉缟蝇种团H.(H.)henanensis group,叉突同脉缟蝇种团H.(H.)laticosta group,李氏同脉缟蝇种团H.(H.)lii group,背斑同脉缟蝇种团H.(H.)notostigma group,美额同脉缟蝇种团H.(H.)ornatifrons group,多斑同脉缟蝇种团H.(H.)picta group,五斑同脉缟蝇种团H.(H.)quiquenotat group,单突同脉缟蝇种团H.(H.)singularis group,纹额同脉缟蝇种团H.(H.)striatifrons group,斑腿同脉缟蝇种团H.(H.)substigmata group,西藏同脉缟蝇种团H.(H.)tibetensis group,三尖同脉缟蝇种团H.(H.)trispina group,爪突同脉缟蝇种团日.(H.)unguiculata group为首次提出,并描述了2新种,平截同脉缟蝇H.(H.)trunciformis sp.nov.和长膜同脉缟蝇H.(H.)longinotata sp.nov.,提供了该亚属分种团检索表.所有观察标本均保存于中国农业大学昆虫标本馆.