亚东璃眼蜱的延迟交配对吸血时间和生殖力的影响

蜱类种群密度的制约因素包括生物的和非生物的两类,分析和认识这些规律,对蜱类的防治上有重要意义。 蜱类的生殖是维持种群密度的重要一环。后肛沟类硬蜱的雌虫当吸附在宿主体时,由于某些原因可发生延迟交配现象。蜱类延迟交配对生育力的影响,在这方面的研究较少。本文为亚东璃眼蜱Hyalomma asiaticum kozlovi Olenev的延迟交配对吸血时间、饱食后的体重以及产卵量等的试验研究结果。     

桃小食心虫生物学的研究——果实对幼虫蛀果、成活、生长发育及滞育的影响

桃小食心虫(Carposina niponensis Wals)是我国苹果、梨上的重要害虫,初孵幼虫在果面爬行片刻,即蛀入果内。幼虫能否入果,除受捕食性天敌和风雨等外界条件影响之外,与果实表皮组织有关系,蛀入果内幼虫的成活数量和生长情况亦受果肉组织及果实内含物的直接影响。因此,研究食料条件与桃小食心虫发生数量的关系,对提高该虫现有     

Commitment to the First Cortical Reorganization During Conjugation in Stylonychia mytilus: An Argument for Homology with Cortical Development During Binary Fission

The asexual nature of the first cortical reorganization of conjugation in Stylonychia was analyzed by comparing the effect of amputation performed at different stages of early conjugation to that performed on vegetative cells at different stages of the cell cycle. Amputation of vegetative cells delineated a point of commitment to binary fission at 0.51–0.57 of the cell cycle. Cells amputated before this point were induced to undergo the regenerative mode of asexual development, but those amputated after this point continued with binary fission. In parallel, during conjugation a similar commitment was made around the time of formation of tight mating-pairs: early conjugants amputated around this time might undergo regeneration, and those operated on after this stage continued with the first cortical reorganization as in typical conjugants. The two mates of a pair might differ in their response to amputation, suggesting that the timing of commitment to the first cortical reorganization is not related to the events of conjugation, but rather is individually determined in the vegetative cycle of the cells before they pair up in mating. These observations provide support for the notion that the first cortical reorganization of conjugants is homologous to the asexual mode of cortical development in dividers, according to the theory of developmental heterochrony in the sexual reproduction of hypotrichs. The timing of commitment to the first cortical reorganization was found to temporally correlate with the entrance of the micronuclei into meiosis. Since the first cortical reorganization can proceed without the micronucleus, this raises the possibility that initiation of micronuclear meiosis is closely coupled with, and may be determined by, the commitment to the first cortical reorganization.     

吉林省杨树蛀干害虫的三种姬小蜂天敌(膜翅目:小蜂总科, 姬小蜂科)

1986年,原吉林省林业生防中心站(现为吉林省林业科学研究所)同中国科学院动物研究所合作,对吉林省杨树蛀千害虫的寄生蜂资源进行了开发利用研究。本文是该项研究成果的第一篇报道,记述了三种姬小蜂天敌,包括寄生白杨透翅蛾的透翅蛾黑姬小蜂Elachertus nigritulus(Zett.)和寄生杨窄吉丁的一新种丽凹面姬小蜂 Eniedon epicharisHuang及一新记录种 Eniedon zanara Walker。其它研究成果将陆续报道。     

Ultrastructure of the micropyle and its relationship to pollen tube growth and synergid degeneration in sunflower

Summary Ultrastructural studies made on the micropyle of sunflower before and after pollination resulted in the following observations. (1) The micropyle is closed instead of a hole or canal. The inner epidermis of the integument on both sides of the micropyle is in close contact at the apex of the ovule. The boundary between the two sides consists of two layers of epidermal cuticle. (2) The micropyle contains a transmitting tissue. The micropyle is composed of an intercellular matrix produced by the epidermal cells of the integument. (3) The micropyle is asymmetrical, and is much wider on the side proximal to the funicle. On the funicle side the cells adjacent to the micropyle are similar to those of the transmitting tissue: they have large amounts of intercellular matrix and contain abundant dictyosomes, rough ER, and starch grains, and provide an appropriate environment for growth of the pollen tubes. The cells distal to the funicle are rich in rough ER and lipid bodies; they lack large intercellular spaces. (4) The micropyle is variable in the axial direction, i.e., it is much larger and more asymmetric at the level distal to the embryo sac than at a level close to the embryo sac. After pollination, one to four pollen tubes are seen in a micropyle. During their passage through the micropyle, most pollen tubes are restricted to the side proximal to the funicle. There is a greater tendency (81%) for the degenerate synergid to be located toward the funicle, i.e., at the same side as the pollen tube pathway. The data indicate a close relationship between micropyle organization, orientation of pollen tube growth, and synergid degeneration.     

Measurement of free amino acid levels in ultrafiltrates of blood plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with automatic pre-column derivatization

Although there are many techniques available for the analysis of amino acids, deproteinization is still one of the major problems in the analysis of amino acids in physiological fluids. The method used to prepare the plasma and to remove the plasma protein has a marked effect on the final results. The most widely used method of deproteinization is precipitation with 5-sulphosalicylic acid followed by centrifugation to remove the precipitated protein. We have not had success in using this deproteinization agent for the analysis of plasma amino acids by a high-performance liquid chromatographic method with automatic pre-column o-phthaldialdehyde—3-mercaptopropionic acid and 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate derivatization because of the adverse effect of the sulphosalicyclic acid supernatant on the quantitation and separation. Ultrafiltration was used as an alternative method for the preparation of plasma samples in this experiment. The results were satisfactory for the analysis of plasma amino acids in 1500 samples during a period of four years. Some factors that might influence the results of the ultrafiltration were investigated.     

ALKBH5/MAP3K8 axis regulates PD-L1+ macrophage infiltration and promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression

Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common malignant tumors.M6A is a novel epigenetic modification that have been emerged as vital regulators for the progression of HCC. However, the regulatory role, clinical significance and the details of the modification, such as the impact on the local tumor environment, remain largely unclear. Our study showed that ALKBH5 was highly expressed in HCC and high ALKBH5 expression predicted a worse prognosis of HCC patients. Prediction of ALKBH5 function by tissue samples and single cell sequencing Gene Set Variation Analysis. Primary CD3 + T lymphocytes and bone marrow-derived macrophages were used to evaluate the effect of ALKBH5 on immune microenvironment. The results indicated that ALKBH5 promote HCC cell proliferation, metastasis and PD-L1+macrophage recruitment. Mechanistically the results showed that ALKBH5 regulates MAP3K8 expression in a m6A dependent manner which mediates the proliferation and metastasis of HCC cells. ALKBH5 also promotes the activation of JNK and ERK pathways through upregulating MAP3K8, thus regulating the expression of IL-8 and promoting macrophage recruitment. Taken together, these data show that ALKBH5 promotes HCC growth, metastasis and macrophage recruitment through ALKBH5/MAP3K8 axis and it may serve as a potential diagnostic marker and target for treatment of HCC patients.     

基于结构方程模型的森林生态系统空气负离子影响机制分析

空气负离子(Negative air ion, NAI)是衡量空气质量的重要指标之一,受到植被和环境的共同影响。然而,森林生态系统作为NAI产生的重要来源,森林中的植被和环境之间的相互作用以及对NAI的影响机制和贡献潜力仍难以捉摸。以暖温带森林生态系统中广泛分布的栓皮栎(Quercus variabilis BI.)为对象,基于自动观测设备长期定位观测获取了气象、土壤性质、空气洁净度以及植被光合等数据,利用皮尔逊相关系数分析和偏最小二乘结构方程模型分析了森林植被和环境要素对NAI的影响机制和贡献潜力。结果表明,环境要素和植被光合对NAI的贡献差异显著,植被光合对NAI的贡献潜力为62.65%,环境要素对NAI的贡献率为37.35%。环境要素中太阳辐射和饱和水汽压差的影响程度最大,分别为68.94%和16.55%。植被光合和PM_2.5主要通过直接效应影响NAI,而光合有效辐射、紫外辐射、土壤温湿度和饱和水汽压差主要通过间接效应影响NAI。因此,利用结构方程模型可以阐明植被光合与环境要素的变化对NAI的影响趋势,从而全面揭示了森林生态系统中植被产生NAI的作用机制以及...