Cytoplasm-localized SIRT1 enhances apoptosis

In general, SIRT1 is localized in nuclei. Here, we showed that endogenous and exogenous SIRT1 were both able to partially localize in cytoplasm in certain cell lines, and cytoplasm-localized SIRT1 was associated with apoptosis and led to increased sensitivity to apoptosis. Furthermore, we demonstrated that translocation of nucleus-localized SIRT1 from nuclei to cytoplasm was the main pathway leading to localization of SIRT1 in cytoplasm. In HeLa cells, wild type SIRT1 was completely localized in nuclei. By truncation of two predicted nuclear localization signals or fusion with an exogenous nuclear export signal, SIRT1 was partially localized in cytoplasm of HeLa cells and resulted in increased sensitivity to apoptosis. The apoptosis enhanced by cytoplasm-localized SIRT1 was independent of its deacetylase activity, but dependent on caspases. SIRT1 was distributed in cytoplasm at metaphase during mitosis, and overexpression of SIRT1 significantly augmented apoptosis for cells at metaphase. In summary, we found SIRT1 is able to localize in cytoplasm, and cytoplasm-localized SIRT1 enhances apoptosis.     

利用SPSS与AFLP方法对双丰甜菜品种（系）间亲缘关系与系谱分析比较

作物育种必须调查植物学性状和生物学特征指标数据,来建立种质资源库,利用SPSS多元分析方法克服了传统植物学性状和生物学特征指标难以综合评价的缺陷,探讨利用SPSS统计分析软件对双丰系列甜菜品种（系）间亲缘关系与系谱进行准确性分析,除双丰2号品种块根产量、产糖量和株高三个主成分具有极值影响外,结果基本与亲本分析一致,可以作为亲缘关系与系谱分析的一种辅助工具;通过AFLP获得不同基因型品种的特征带和特征缺失带,表明AFLP技术在甜菜品种鉴定上的应用潜力。但AFLP也具有缺点,主要是标记是共显性的,不能完全区分某一位点是杂合体和纯合体,因而不能更好地估算种群遗传的变异,对种群遗传结构的分析不能提供更多的统计信息,相信随着AFLP分子标记技术的不断完善与发展,将与SPSS统计分析软件一起越来越广泛地利用在种群遗传和系谱分析中。     

木槿三个种下类群叶片的比较解剖学研究

对紫花单瓣木槿、紫花重瓣木槿和牡丹木槿叶的解剖学性状进行了比较研究。结果表明:(1)三个种下类群的叶片均为典型双子叶植物背腹型叶,表皮细胞1层,角质膜不发达,上、下表皮均有相当数量的气孔,其中下表皮气孔密度更大;栅栏组织细胞长柱型,细胞层数1～2层,排列紧密,海绵组织细胞排列紧密,发达的叶脉具明显的机械组织。这些特点表明木槿三个种下类群对高湿高温生境具有较强的适应性;(2)三个种下类群在叶的解剖学性状上存在一定的差异,且牡丹木槿与其它两个种下类群之间的差异更为显著,表明具有独特的进化历程和对生境的生态适应策略。研究结果支持将牡丹木槿提升为亚种等级的建议。     

鲢快速逃逸游泳行为研究

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Hydration, structure, and molecular interactions in the headgroup region of dioleoylphosphatidylcholine bilayers: an electron spin resonance study

The relationship between bilayer hydration and the dynamic structure of headgroups and interbilayer water in multilamellar vesicles is investigated by electron spin resonance methods. Temperature variations of the order parameter of a headgroup spin label DPP-Tempo in DOPC in excess water and partially dehydrated (10 wt % water) show a cusp-like pattern around the main phase transition, Tc. This pattern is similar to those of temperature variations of the quadrupolar splitting of interbilayer D2O in PC and PE bilayers previously measured by 2H NMR, indicating that the ordering of the headgroup and the interbilayer water are correlated. The cusp-like pattern of these and other physical properties around Tc are suggestive of quasicritical fluctuations. Also, an increase (a decrease) in ordering of DPP-Tempo is correlated with water moving out of (into) interbilayer region into (from) the bulk water phase near the freezing point, Tf. Addition of cholesterol lowers Tf, which remains the point of increasing headgroup ordering. Using the small water-soluble spin probe 4-PT, it is shown that the ordering of interbilayer water increases with bilayer dehydration. It is suggested that increased ordering in the interbilayer region, implying a lowering of entropy, will itself lead to further dehydration of the interbilayer region until its lowered pressure resists further flow, i.e., an osmotic phenomenon.     

中国同脉缟蝇亚属种团划分及二新种记述(双翅目,缟蝇科)(英文)

记述了中国同脉缟蝇亚属20个种团,其中17个种团,即异突同脉缟蝇种团H.(H.)abnormis group,双带同脉缟蝇种团H.(H.)bistriata group,短突同脉缟蝇种团H.(H.)brevis group,台湾同脉缟蝇种团H.(H.)formosae group,河南同脉缟蝇种团H.(H.)henanensis group,叉突同脉缟蝇种团H.(H.)laticosta group,李氏同脉缟蝇种团H.(H.)lii group,背斑同脉缟蝇种团H.(H.)notostigma group,美额同脉缟蝇种团H.(H.)ornatifrons group,多斑同脉缟蝇种团H.(H.)picta group,五斑同脉缟蝇种团H.(H.)quiquenotat group,单突同脉缟蝇种团H.(H.)singularis group,纹额同脉缟蝇种团H.(H.)striatifrons group,斑腿同脉缟蝇种团H.(H.)substigmata group,西藏同脉缟蝇种团H.(H.)tibetensis group,三尖同脉缟蝇种团H.(H.)trispina group,爪突同脉缟蝇种团日.(H.)unguiculata group为首次提出,并描述了2新种,平截同脉缟蝇H.(H.)trunciformis sp.nov.和长膜同脉缟蝇H.(H.)longinotata sp.nov.,提供了该亚属分种团检索表.所有观察标本均保存于中国农业大学昆虫标本馆.     

杉木雌配子体与后胚发育过程中核酸、蛋白质和类脂的消长

在杉木胚胎分化期至成熟期,每个雌配子体总核酸和DNA,RNA含量在初期增加,后期则随着胚的分化发育逐渐下降,而蛋白质和类脂则一直上升。每胚总核酸、DNA,RNA则相应增加,而蛋白质、类脂的含量和干重亦逐渐增加。在胚分化早期RNA的迅速合成与细胞的分化及器官形成有关。但以胚干重为单位的DNA、RNA含量却随着胚的发育而有所减少;蛋白质含量先增加,至成熟后才下降。授粉前的胚珠,以及雌配子体、胚中都发现有凝集素存在。     

晋北典型针叶人工林叶功能性状特征及其与土壤因子的关系

为了解释植物叶片的资源分配特征及其与土壤因子间的适应策略,该研究以黄土高原东北缘山西省大同市新荣区油松、樟子松人工纯林及其柠条混交林为对象,采用样方法采集样木树冠中部生长良好的轮生枝中东西南北4个方向的枝条,并在每个枝条上选择里、中、外3处有代表性的当年生叶和多年生叶;采用 “S”形采样法在每个样方内选取9个取样点,用土钻采集各样点0～20 cm土壤样品;测定分析不同造林模式下油松、樟子松异龄叶功能性状特征、土壤理化性质以及二者的关系,为人工林培育及经营提供理论支撑。结果表明：(1)不同造林模式下油松及樟子松叶功能性状的差异集中在化学计量之间;随着叶龄增长,油松、樟子松均表现出干物质含量上升,氮磷含量下降的特征。(2)土壤全磷、全氮含量分别是油松当年及多年生叶的主要解释因子,土壤全磷与当年生叶碳氮比、有机碳、碳磷比均呈显著正相关关系,与全氮、叶面积及叶干物质含量呈显著负相关关系,土壤全氮与多年生叶全磷含量呈正相关关系,与叶有机碳、碳磷比、碳氮比则呈显著负相关关系。(3)樟子松当年生叶功能性状的关键土壤因子是土壤容重、全磷含量,其与叶碳氮磷的比值、干物质含量、碳含量呈正相关关系,而与氮磷含量呈负相关关系;多年生叶功能性状的关键土壤因子是土壤容重、含水量、pH,其与叶氮磷含量呈正相关关系,与碳含量、干物质含量、比叶面积等呈负相关关系。(4)油松及樟子松纯林的叶功能性状更易向关键土壤因子含量更高的方向偏移,说明与柠条混交可有效分异叶片生长对主要土壤因子的集中需求,但混交造林模式下林木长势有所衰弱;结合研究区资源匮乏现状,林木种植密度较大,竞争加剧了生存压力导致林木生长受限。     

ISB recommendation on definitions of joint coordinate systems of various joints for the reporting of human joint motion--Part II: shoulder, elbow, wrist and hand

In this communication, the Standardization and Terminology Committee (STC) of the International Society of Biomechanics proposes a definition of a joint coordinate system (JCS) for the shoulder, elbow, wrist, and hand. For each joint, a standard for the local axis system in each articulating segment or bone is generated. These axes then standardize the JCS. The STC is publishing these recommendations so as to encourage their use, to stimulate feedback and discussion, and to facilitate further revisions. Adopting these standards will lead to better communication among researchers and clinicians.     

人新基因hbrp的染色体定位及其对TPK活性的抑制作用（简报）

hbrp(Human BSP-Related Protein)是我们实验室最近在睾丸组织中克隆的一个人与BSP（bovine seminal plasma)蛋白相关的新基因。为了将有关该新基因信息与现有人类基因组转录图相整合,我们应用荧光原位杂交(fluorescent in situ hybridizationFISH)法进行了该基因的人染色体基因定位,结果成功地将hbrp基因定位在人19号染色体长臂1区3带上。hbrp基因是在对BSP蛋白功能的研究过程中发现并克隆的,其同源性分析发现,与其序列最相近