内生真菌印度梨形孢诱导小麦抗根腐病作用研究

【目的】明确印度梨形孢(Piriformospora indica)诱导小麦对根腐病产生抗性的作用机制。【方法】用印度梨形孢悬液浸种,以无菌培养液为对照,用病原菌禾谷镰孢菌(Fusarium graminearum)侵染小麦,对其相关生理生化指标及转录组变化进行分析。【结果】禾谷镰孢菌能诱导小麦产生过氧化氢,降低细胞内水含量,破坏细胞膜的稳定性;根部定殖印度梨形孢的小麦细胞内抗氧化酶活性增强,活性氧自由基含量降低,胞内水含量提高,细胞膜稳定性增强;印度梨形孢定殖能改变由于病原菌引起的mRNA转录组变化,抗性相关基因的表达增强。综合表明印度梨形孢定殖能有效地提高小麦对禾谷镰孢菌的抗性。【结论】研究结果为深入理解植物与微生物互作、开发新型高效环保抗根腐病生物制剂提供理论和实验依据。     

GPD1L inhibits renal cell carcinoma progression by regulating PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy

Few approaches have been conducted in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) after nephrectomy, resulting in a high mortality rate in urological tumours. Mitophagy is a mechanism of mitochondrial quality control that enables selective degradation of damaged and unnecessary mitochondria. Previous studies have found that glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1-like (GPD1L) is associated with the progression of tumours such as lung cancer, colorectal cancer and oropharyngeal cancer, but the potential mechanism in RCC is still unclear. In this study, microarrays from tumour databases were analysed. The expression of GPD1L was confirmed by RT–qPCR and western blotting. The effect and mechanism of GPD1L were explored using cell counting kit 8, wound healing, invasion, flow cytometry and mitophagy-related experiments. The role of GPD1L was further confirmed in vivo. The results showed that GPD1L expression was downregulated and positively correlated with prognosis in RCC. Functional experiments revealed that GPD1L prevented proliferation, migration and invasion while promoting apoptosis and mitochondrial injury in vitro. The mechanistic results indicated that GPD1L interacted with PINK1, promoting PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy. However, inhibition of PINK1 reversed GPD1L-mediated mitochondrial injury and mitophagy. Moreover, GPD1L prevented tumour growth and promoted mitophagy by activating the PINK1/Parkin pathway in vivo. Our study shows that GPD1L has a positive correlation with the prognosis of RCC. The potential mechanism involves interacting with PINK1 and regulating the PINK1/Parkin pathway. In conclusion, these results reveal that GPD1L can act as a biomarker and target for RCC diagnosis and therapy.     

Evaluation of housekeeping genes as references for quantitative real-time PCR analysis of European eel,Anguilla anguilla

Eels are important aquaculture species for which an increasing number of reference genes are being identified and applied. In this study, five housekeeping genes [RPL7 (ribosomal protein L7), 18 S (18 S ribosomal RNA), EF1A (elongation factor 1α), ACTB (β-actin) and GAPDH (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase)] were chosen to evaluate their reliability as reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) for the study of Anguilla anguilla. The expression of the selected genes in different eel tissues was determined using qPCR at different growth stages or upon challenge by Anguillid herpesvirus (AngHV), and the expression levels of these genes were then compared and evaluated using the geNorm and NormFinder algorithms. Then, RefFinder was used to comprehensively rank the examined housekeeping genes. Interestingly, the expression of the evaluated housekeeping genes exhibited tissue-dependent and treatment-dependent variations. In different growth periods A. anguilla tissues, the most stable genes were the following: ACTB in mucus; 18 S in skin and kidney; RPL7 in muscle, gill, intestine and brain; EF1A in heart and liver; and GAPDH in spleen. In contrast, in AngHV-challenged A. anguilla tissues, the most stable genes were the following: 18 S in mucus; RPL7 in skin, gill, heart, spleen, kidney and intestine; EF1A in muscle and liver; and ACTB in brain. Further comparison analysis indicated that the expression of RPL7 and EF1A was stable in multiple A. anguilla tissues in different growth periods and in eels challenged by AngHV. Nonetheless, the expression level of GAPDH in eel tissues was lower, and it was unstable in several tissues. These results indicated that the selection of reference genes for qPCR analysis in A. anguilla should be made in accordance with experimental parameters, and both RPL7 and EF1A could be used as reference genes for qPCR study of A. anguilla at different growth stages or upon challenge by AngHV. The reference genes identified in this study could improve the accuracy of qPCR data and facilitate further studies aimed at understanding the biology of eels.     

微生物镉解毒机制及微生物-植物互作修复研究进展

镉(cadmium,Cd)是引起粮食减产的主要金属之一,具有高溶解性及高迁移性,易被植物吸收和积累。微生物长期在镉胁迫的条件下进化出一系列的镉解毒机制。微生物对镉的解毒包括抑制Cd(Ⅱ)的进入、促进Cd(Ⅱ)的外排,以及将进入胞内的Cd(Ⅱ)进行“扣押”。微生物的Cd(Ⅱ)钝化是通过细胞吸附和胞外沉淀将游离态的Cd(Ⅱ)进行钝化,这类微生物具有较强的土壤镉污染治理潜力。本文主要介绍微生物的镉解毒机制、微生物-微生物互作、微生物-植物互作机制及其在镉污染生物修复中应用的最新研究进展。     

湖南省发现云开脊蛇兼记棕脊蛇新地模标本

云开脊蛇(Achalinus yunkaiensis)之前仅在广东和广西有分布报道。本文基于形态比较及线粒体COI基因序列分子系统关系分析结果,确定采集于湖南省新宁县的1号雌性脊蛇标本(CIB 119041)为云开脊蛇,为湖南省新记录种。该标本鼻间鳞沟约等于前额鳞沟,上颔齿24枚;背鳞通身23行,腹鳞150枚,尾下鳞55枚;尾长与体长之比为0.203。至此共有4种脊蛇分布于湖南省。此外,本文还报道了棕脊蛇(A. rufescens)1号雄性地模标本(CIB 119042),该标本鼻间鳞沟长于前额鳞沟;背鳞通身23行,腹鳞153枚,尾下鳞62枚;尾长与体长之比0.201。分子系统发育结果显示,棕脊蛇种组各支系的系统地位还需进一步研究厘定。     

辽宁省爬行动物名录及地理区划更新

基于此前辽宁省爬行动物调查资料和分类学研究,结合近年来野外调查进展,对辽宁省爬行动物名录和区系进行修订,并报道辽宁省蛇类新记录二种——乌梢蛇（Ptyasdhumnades）和黑头剑蛇（Sibynophischinensis）。根据从辽宁省凌源市野外获得的影像资料进一步确认黑眉锦蛇（Elaphe taeniura）在辽宁省的分布。另依据采集自葫芦岛市的1号王锦蛇（E. carinata）标本对该种在辽宁省的分布予以补充描述。截至2023年5月,辽宁省记录爬行动物2目11科21属37种,其中,龟鳖目3科4属5种,有鳞目蜥蜴亚目3科5属10种,蛇亚目5科12属22种。爬行动物中,国家一级重点保护野生动物3种,国家二级重点保护野生动物6种。此外,有15个物种被《中国生物多样性红色名录脊椎动物第三卷爬行动物》评估为受威胁物种。根据辽宁省爬行动物最新分布信息,将辽宁省划分为6个动物地理省,分别为辽东山地丘陵省、辽东半岛山地丘陵省、辽河平原省、努鲁儿虎山北麓丘陵台地及西辽河沙地省、辽西山地丘陵省和冀辽山地省,其中,冀辽山地省为本研究中新增动物地理省。扩大原辽东半岛丘陵省涵盖范围,并将其名称修订为“辽...     

乙醛脱氢酶基因ALDH2对雄性小鼠生育能力的影响

本研究使用乙醛脱氢酶2(ALDH2)基因全敲除的雄性C57BL/6(B6)小鼠（Musmusculus domesticus）,通过分析不同周龄小鼠的睾丸脏器系数、睾丸组织细胞形态、精子运动参数、配种后母鼠产仔数及子代雄雌比等生育指标,探讨ALDH2基因敲除对雄性小鼠生育能力的影响。结果表明,与野生型（WT）小鼠相比,5、7、10周龄ALDH2基因敲除型（KO）雄性小鼠睾丸脏器系数显著降低（P <0.05）;睾丸组织细胞间质变大,精子活率显著降低（P <0.05）;产仔数和雄雌比显著降低（P <0.05）。本研究为揭示乙醛脱氢酶ALDH2基因在雄性小鼠生殖中的作用提供了一定的基础。     

幼虫密度对桑螟生长发育和繁殖的影响

【目的】本研究旨在了解桑螟Diaphania pyloalis幼虫不同饲养密度对其生长发育和繁殖的影响。【方法】本研究测定了室内同一条件下5个幼虫密度(130, 650, 1 300, 1 950和2 600头/m²)下桑螟生长发育和繁殖指标,包括发育历期、幼虫存活率、化蛹率、成虫羽化率、蛹重、产卵期、单雌产卵量等。【结果】幼虫密度对桑螟的生长发育和繁殖均产生不同程度影响,幼虫密度偏低或偏高都不利于桑螟生长发育和繁殖。其中以1 300和1 950头/m² 2种幼虫密度下的桑螟幼虫生长发育和成虫繁殖状态均最佳且两密度下各项指标无明显差异,1 300头/m²密度下,桑螟的幼虫历期、蛹历期和成虫历期分别为11.32, 6.33和5.31 d; 1 950头/m²密度下,桑螟的幼虫历期、蛹历期和成虫历期分别为11.50, 6.00和5.47 d。1 300头/m²幼虫密度下,桑螟化蛹率、成虫羽化率和幼虫存活率分别为86.67%, 100%和86.67%, 1 950头/m^2<...     

光枝勾儿茶内生真菌多样性及抑菌活性研究

为探索贵州苗药光枝勾儿茶内生真菌类群特征、分布部位及其抑菌活性,该研究采用传统方法对贵州省贵阳市和黔西市光枝勾儿茶内生真菌进行分离,并基于分子生物学及统计学对其分类地位进行鉴定及多样性评价,最后通过微量肉汤倍比稀释法筛选具有抑菌活性的菌株。结果表明:(1)从光枝勾儿茶中分离到191 株内生真菌,隶属于3 个门5 个纲10 个目15 个科19 个属,优势属为叶点霉属(Phyllosticta)、间座壳属(Diaporthe)、葡萄座腔菌属(Botryosphaeria)和刺盘孢属(Colletotrichum)。(2)黔西光枝勾儿茶内生真菌香农-维纳多样性指数(H''_Q=2.112)较贵阳(H''_G=1.801)高,索伦森相似性指数Cs_G-Q为0.923,不同组织香农-维纳多样性指数为茎(H''_S=2.004)>根(H''_R=1.764)>叶(H''_L=1.654)>果实(H''_F=1.473),茎和叶内生真菌的索伦森相似性最高(Cs_S-L=0.667)。(3)筛选出的21株内生真菌对供试菌大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)和沙门氏菌(Salmonella enterica)具有抑菌效果,其中Diaporthe sp. QX4G6对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门氏菌的最小抑菌浓度分别为12.5、6.25、12.5 mg·mL^-1,最小杀菌浓度分别为12.5、6.25、12.5 mg·mL^-1。以上研究结果揭示了光枝勾儿茶蕴藏丰富的内生真菌资源,不同地区及组织内生真菌类群组成有差异,多个分离菌株具有抗菌活性,为光枝勾儿茶内生真菌天然抗菌药物或药源研发奠定了基础。     

基于N蛋白单克隆抗体的小反刍兽疫病毒抗体检测胶体金试纸条的研制

本研究旨在建立一种简便、快捷、可直观检测小反刍兽疫病毒(peste des petits ruminants virus,PPRV)抗体的检测方法。将pET-32a-N重组质粒转化至大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli) Rosetta(DE3)感受态细胞中进行诱导表达,以纯化的PPRVN蛋白免疫8周龄BALB/c小鼠,取其脾细胞与SP2/0骨髓瘤细胞进行融合,间接酶联免疫吸附试验(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, ELISA)筛选及亚克隆,获得了抗PPRV N蛋白的单克隆抗体。将PPRV N蛋白分别作为金标抗原及检测线(T线)包被抗原、单克隆抗体作为质控线(C线)包被抗体,组装成检测PPRVN蛋白抗体的胶体金免疫层析试纸条。结果显示：成功获得1株能稳定分泌抗N蛋白抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,命名为1F1;间接ELISA检测1F1腹水效价为1:128000;亚类鉴定结果为IgG1,轻链为kappa链。Westernblotting结果显示,1F1能与PPRV N蛋白特异性结合;间接免疫荧光(indirect immunofluorescent ass...