根际微生态调控白菜根肿病发生的机制研究进展

白菜根肿病是由芸薹根肿菌(Plasmodiophora brassicae Woron)引起的一种常见土传病害,主要危害白菜的根部。根际是土壤-植物-微生物相互作用最活跃的关键微域,根际微生态系统中的微生物失衡是导致土传病害的重要因素,深入探究根际微生态与土传病害互作机制,有利于从根际微生物、抑病物质和功能代谢等方面挖掘防控土传病害安全高效的方法。本文综述了根际微生态与白菜根肿病的发生机制关系,从该病害的危害、发生的根际微生态机制及生防菌防治研究等方面综合分析了根际微生物调控白菜根肿病发生的机制,以期为白菜根肿病防控、促进土壤健康和维持根际微生态系统稳定提供理论依据。     

秦岭地区林地与草地景观格局变化及其驱动因素

以1980—2015年土地利用数据集为数据源,利用GIS空间分析、景观格局指数和主成分分析法,研究了秦岭地区林地与草地景观格局时空变化特征,并探讨其演化的驱动因素。结果表明:(1)林地和草地是秦岭地区主要景观类型,约占研究区总面积的72%,其中有林地为优势景观类型,其次为高覆盖度草地和中覆盖度草地,其他林地和低覆盖度草地分布面积相对较少。(2)35年来,林地和草地总面积整体呈减少趋势,净减少了309.44km²,其中草地减少占主导地位;空间变化上,损失严重的区域主要分布于以西安市为中心的周边区域,主要向建设用地和耕地转移。(3)林地和草地景观破碎化程度逐渐增加,连通性降低,景观异质性增强且景观形状更为复杂,草地较林地变化明显;空间分布上,林地和草地景观格局指数空间分布特征明显,在地形因子作用下呈现一定的地形梯度性,尤其与海拔的相关性最好。(4)人为活动干扰是影响秦岭地区林地和草地景观格局变化的主要驱动因素,气候因素次之,同时国家宏观政策起着重要的导向作用。减缓人为活动对秦岭地区的过度影响,维护林地和草地的平衡性及完整性,是实现该区生态系统科学管理和资源的可持续利用...     

Mechanisms of chromatin-based epigenetic inheritance

Multi-cellular organisms such as humans contain hundreds of cell types that share the same genetic information(DNA sequences), and yet have different cellular traits and functions. While how genetic information is passed through generations has been extensively characterized, it remains largely obscure how epigenetic information encoded by chromatin regulates the passage of certain traits, gene expression states and cell identity during mitotic cell divisions, and even through meiosis. In this r...     

Ungulate bocaparvovirus 4 and rodent bocavirus are different genotypes of the same species of virus

Bocaviruses are associated with many human infectious diseases, such as respiratory tract infections, gastroenteritis, and hepatitis. Rats are known to be reservoirs of bocaviruses, including rodent bocavirus and rat bocavirus. Recently, ungulate bocaparvovirus 4, a known porcine bocavirus, has also been found in rats. Thus, investigating bocaviruses in rats is important for determining the origin of the viruses and preventing and controlling their transmission. To the best of our knowledge, no study to date has investigated bocaviruses in the livers of rats. In this report, a total of 624 rats were trapped in southern China between 2014 and 2017. Liver and serum samples from rats were tested for the prevalence of bocaviruses using PCR. Sequences related to ungulate bocaparvovirus 4 and rodent bocavirus were detected in both liver and serum samples. Interestingly, the prevalence of ungulate bocaparvovirus 4 (reference strain:KJ622366.1) was higher than that of rodent bocavirus (reference strain:KY927868.1) in both liver (2.24% and 0.64%, respectively) and serum samples (2.19% and 0.44%, respectively). The NS1 regions of ungulate bocaparvovirus 4 and rodent bocavirus related sequences displayed over 84% and 88% identity at the nucleic acid and amino acid levels, respectively. Furthermore, these sequences had similar genomic structure, genomic features, and codon usage bias, and shared a common ancestor. These viruses also displayed greater adaptability to rats than pigs. Our results suggested that ungulate bocaparvovirus 4 and rodent bocavirus may originate from rats and may be different genotypes of the same bocavirus species.     

重金属抗性菌HQ-1生物吸附镉与银的比较研究

从北京市远郊东三岔地区一处废弃的铅锌尾矿中筛选到一株对铅、锌、铜、钴、银、镉等重金属均有很好抗性的蜡状芽胞杆菌Bacillus cereus HQ-1。特别是对镉的抗性高达1200mg/L,具有很高的应用价值。比较研究了HQ-1菌株吸附重金属银和镉的情况与机理,发现该菌株对两种重金属离子都有较强的吸附能力。对镉的吸附行为符合Langmuir模型,对银的吸附行为符合Freundlich模型。通过红外光谱和X射线能谱对其吸附机理做了初步推断。并通过质粒消除试验证明该菌株的重金属抗性与抗性质粒存在有关。     

Effects of endogenous beta-amyloid overproduction on tau phosphorylation in cell culture

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by beta-amyloid (Abeta) overproduction and tau hyperphosphorylation. Recent studies have shown that synthetic Abeta promotes tau phosphorylation in vitro. However, whether endogenously overproduced Abeta promotes tau phosphorylation and the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we used mouse neuroblastoma N2a stably expressing wild-type amyloid precursor protein (APPwt) or the Swedish mutant APP (APPswe) to determine the alterations of phosphorylated tau and the related protein kinases. We found that phosphorylation of tau at paired helical filament (PHF)-1, pSer396 and pThr231 epitopes was significantly increased in cells transfected with APPwt and APPswe, which produced higher levels of Abeta than cells transfected with vector or amyloid precursor-like protein 1. The activity of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) was up-regulated with a concomitant reduction in the inhibitory phosphorylation of GSK-3 at its N-terminal Ser9 residue. In contrast, the activity of cyclin-dependent kinase-5 (CDK-5) and protein kinase C (PKC) was down-regulated. Inhibition of GSK-3 by LiCl, but not inhibition of CDK-5 by roscovitine, arrested Abeta secretion and tau phosphorylation. Inhibition of PKC by GF-109203X activated GSK-3, whereas activation of PKC by phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate inhibited GSK-3. These results suggest that endogenously overproduced Abeta induces increased tau phosphorylation through activation of GSK-3, and that inactivation of PKC is at least one of the mechanisms involved in GSK-3 activation.     

TLR4全长及其截断体重组腺病毒的制备和功能鉴定

制备脂多糖 (LPS)Toll样受体 4 (TLR4 )全长及其胞内段缺失的TLR4截断体 (ΔTLR4 )的绿色荧光蛋白重组腺病毒并鉴定其功能 .用PCR方法扩增TLR4及ΔTLR4基因片段 ,酶切后亚克隆至腺病毒穿梭质粒中 ,形成带有目的基因的穿梭载体pAdTrack TLR4和pAdTrack ΔTLR4 .用BJ5 1 83细菌同源重组法将目的基因重组于腺病毒骨架载体中 ;将重组腺病毒质粒用PacⅠ酶切线性化后 ,用脂质体法转染HEK 2 93细胞进行腺病毒的包装扩增 .将重组腺病毒感染CHO K1细胞 ,采用荧光毒酶报告基因方法检测其对LPS诱导NF κB激活的影响 .酶切及测序表明 ,TLR4全长及其截断体ΔTLR4的重组腺病毒载体构建正确 .荧光素酶报告基因检测结果表明 ,TLR4全长及其截断体的重组腺病毒感染细胞对LPS诱导的反应具有不同的影响 ,Ad ΔTLR4明显抑制了LPS引起的NF κB激活 (P <0 0 5 ) ,Ad TLR4则使LPS引起的NF κB活性增强 (P <0 0 5 ) .LPS对细胞的激活作用依赖于TLR4的结构完整性     

一株生物表面活性剂产生菌的分离及其特性研究

模炼油厂污泥中分离得到1株生物表面活性剂产生菌C-3, 根据其生理生化特性和16S rDNA序列相似性分析, 将其鉴定为铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)。初步研究了其产生物表面活性剂的最适条件, 在以植物油为碳源、30°C、初始pH 8、Ca2+浓度20 mg/L、250 mL三角瓶中装75 mL发酵液的条件下, 最利于菌株的生长和生物表面活性剂产生。它的成分为糖脂类物质, 临界胶束浓度(CMC)为50 mg/L, 具有很好的增溶效果。     

对TMV不同抗性番茄品种的叶绿体DNA限制性内切酶酶谱分析

选用对TMV有抗性和敏感的番茄品种、制备其ct-DNA, 用限制性内切酶BumHI、EcoRI和PstI完全酶解, 三种酶切图谱与前人报道一致, 由酶切片段计算番茄ct-DNA。分子量约为156.9kb。比较抗性和敏感品种的ct-DNA图谱, 发现三种酶切图谱均存在差异, 但由差异片段计算分子量之和又很除近。我们推测这是由于检基顺序变异或小段DNA顺序插入或缺失所造成, 由此证明, 叶绿体基因组与核中的TMV抗性基因, 共同决定着植物体对TMV的抗性。