Disruptor of telomeric silencing 1-like (DOT1L) is involved in breast cancer metastasis via transcriptional regulation of MALAT1 and ZEB2

<正>Epigenetics refers to how chromatin-associated factors and reversible chromatin modifications maintain DNA-based programs by regulating the chromatin structure (Strahl and Allis,2000).In recent years,genome sequencing studies of cancer have shown that genes encoding epigenetic factors are commonly mutated in cancer(Garraway and Lander,2013).Dys regulated,or mutant,epigenetic factors influence tumorigenesis progression (Dawson and Kouzarides,     

SERCA regulates collective cell migration by maintaining cytoplasmic Ca~(2+) homeostasis

<正>Characterized by multicellular migratory behavior and cooperative ability,collective cell migration plays critical roles in developmental,physiological and pathological processes,such as organogenesis,wound healing and tumor metastasis (Friedl and Gilmour,2009).Molecular features of collective cell migration including collective polarization,coordinated cytoskeletal activity,and guidance signaling have been recently investigated in a variety of in vivo and in vitro model systems (Scarpa and Mayor,2016),but many other aspects of regulatory mechanisms remain unexplored.     

斜纹夜蛾3种SlitPBPs的组织表达模式分析

性信息素结合蛋白(pheromone binding proteins,PBPs)能够与性信息素分子结合,从而启动昆虫的寻偶及交配行为。本研究采用半定量RT-PCR技术分别对斜纹夜蛾3种性信息素结合蛋白SlitPBP1、SlitPBP2和SlitPBP3基因在雌、雄虫不同组织的基因表达模式进行了比较分析。组织表达模式结果表明,SlitPBP1基因只在雌、雄虫触角和雌虫前足中表达而在其他组织中无表达;SlitPBP2基因在雌虫的触角、喙、前足、中足、后足、翅膀和雄虫的触角、喙、前足、翅膀中均有表达,且在同一部位,SlitPBP2基因在雌虫的表达量均高于雄虫相应部位的表达量;除雌、雄虫的胸部外,SlitPBP3在雌、雄虫的触角、喙、前足、中足、后足、腹部和翅膀中均有较高水平的表达。可见,SlitPBP1、SlitPBP2和SlitPBP3基因在斜纹夜蛾不同组织的表达模式各不相同。本研究结果可为深入研究不同SlitPBPs蛋白在斜纹夜蛾生长发育过程中的不同生理功能提供科学参考。     

入侵害虫菊方翅网蝽在中国的潜在分布预测

菊方翅网蝽Corythucha marmorata(Uhler,1878)是我国新近发现的外来入侵害虫,研究明确菊方翅网蝽在我国的潜在分布范围对其监测预警及科学防控具有重要意义。本研究根据菊方翅网蝽的地理分布数据及相关环境变量,运用Maxent生态位模型与ArcGIS预测了菊方翅网蝽在中国的潜在地理分布范围。预测结果表明:菊方翅网蝽在我国的适生区主要分布于100°～125°E,20°～40°N的亚热带、暖温带区域,其中高适生区主要集中在长江中下游地区,包括浙江、江苏、湖南、上海大部分地区、安徽南部、湖北南部、江西西部及南部、贵州东部、福建东部、广西北部、山东中部、河南南部以及重庆、台湾局部;此外,极端气温、平均气温、最干月份降雨量对菊方翅网蝽的潜在分布影响较大。菊方翅网蝽已在我国成功入侵并迅速蔓延成灾,应在疫区边缘地带加强监测,并采取措施防止其进一步扩散。     

Chloroplast phylogenomic data support Eocene amphi‐Pacific early radiation for the Asian Palmate core Araliaceae

Traditional phylogenies based on analysis of multiple genes have failed to obtain a well‐resolved evolutionary history for the backbone of the Asian Palmate group of Araliaceae, the largest clade of the family. In this study, we applied the genome skimming approach of next‐generation sequencing to address whether the lack of resolution at the base of the Asian Palmate tree is due to molecular sampling error or the footprint of ancient radiation. Twenty‐nine complete plastid genomes of Araliaceae (17 newly sequenced) were analyzed (RAxML, Beast, Lagrange, and BioGeoBears) to provide the first phylogenomic reconstruction of the group (95% of genera included). As a result, the early divergences of the Asian Palmate group have been clarified but the backbone of its core is not totally resolved, with short internal branches pointing to an ancient radiation scenario. East Asia is inferred as the most likely ancestral area for the Asian Palmate group (from late Paleocene to Eocene) from which early colonization of the Neotropics is inferred during the Eocene. The radiation of the core Palmate group took place during the late Eocene, most likely in the context of the Boreotropical hypothesis. Recurrent episodes of southward migration (to the tropics) coupled with northern latitude local extinctions (promoting geographic isolation of lineages) followed by northward expansion (promoting contact of lineages that erased the trace of preceding geographic isolation) are hypothesized to have linked to the alternation of the cold and warm periods of the Eocene.     

A single nucleotide mutation in GID1c disrupts its interaction with DELLA1 and causes a GA‐insensitive dwarf phenotype in peach

Plant stature is one important factor that affects the productivity of peach orchards. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism(s) underlying the dwarf phenotype of peach tree. Here, we report a dwarfing mechanism in the peach cv. FenHuaShouXingTao (FHSXT). The dwarf phenotype of ‘FHSXT’ was caused by shorter cell length compared to the standard cv. QiuMiHong (QMH). ‘FHSXT’ contained higher endogenous GA levels than did ‘QMH’ and did not response to exogenous GA treatment (internode elongation). These results indicated that ‘FHSXT’ is a GA‐insensitive dwarf mutant. A dwarf phenotype‐related single nucleotide mutation in the gibberellic acid receptor GID1 was identified in ‘FHSXT’ (GID1c^S191F), which was also cosegregated with dwarf phenotype in 30 tested cultivars. GID1c^S191F was unable to interact with the growth‐repressor DELLA1 even in the presence of GA. ‘FHSXT’ accumulated a higher level of DELLA1, the degradation of which is normally induced by its interaction with GID1. The DELLA1 protein level was almost undetectable in ‘QMH’, but not reduced in ‘FHSXT’ after GA₃ treatment. Our results suggested that a nonsynonymous single nucleotide mutation in GID1c disrupts its interaction with DELLA1 resulting in a GA‐insensitive dwarf phenotype in peach.     

Development of Beet necrotic yellow vein virus‐based vectors for multiple‐gene expression and guide RNA delivery in plant genome editing

Many plant viruses with monopartite or bipartite genomes have been developed as efficient expression vectors of foreign recombinant proteins. Nonetheless, due to lack of multiple insertion sites in these plant viruses, it is still a big challenge to simultaneously express multiple foreign proteins in single cells. The genome of Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) offers an attractive system for expression of multiple foreign proteins owning to a multipartite genome composed of five positive‐stranded RNAs. Here, we have established a BNYVV full‐length infectious cDNA clone under the control of the Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. We further developed a set of BNYVV‐based vectors that permit efficient expression of four recombinant proteins, including some large proteins with lengths up to 880 amino acids in the model plant Nicotiana benthamiana and native host sugar beet plants. These vectors can be used to investigate the subcellular co‐localization of multiple proteins in leaf, root and stem tissues of systemically infected plants. Moreover, the BNYVV‐based vectors were used to deliver NbPDS guide RNAs for genome editing in transgenic plants expressing Cas9, which induced a photobleached phenotype in systemically infected leaves. Collectively, the BNYVV‐based vectors will facilitate genomic research and expression of multiple proteins, in sugar beet and related crop plants.     

A metabolome‐based core hybridisation strategy for the prediction of rice grain weight across environments

Marker‐based prediction holds great promise for improving current plant and animal breeding efficiencies. However, the predictabilities of complex traits are always severely affected by negative factors, including distant relatedness, environmental discrepancies, unknown population structures, and indeterminate numbers of predictive variables. In this study, we utilised two independent F₁ hybrid populations in the years 2012 and 2015 to predict rice thousand grain weight (TGW) using parental untargeted metabolite profiles with a partial least squares regression method. A stable predictive model for TGW was built based on hybrids from the population in 2012 (r = 0.75) but failed to properly predict TGW for hybrids from the population in 2015 (r = 0.27). After integrating hybrids from both populations into the training set, the TGW of hybrids could be predicted but was largely dependent on population structures. Then, core hybrids from each population were determined by principal component analysis and the TGW of hybrids in both environments were successfully predicted (r > 0.60). Moreover, adjusting the population structures and numbers of predictive analytes increased TGW predictability for hybrids in 2015 (r = 0.72). Our study demonstrates that the TGW of F₁ hybrids across environments can be accurately predicted based on parental untargeted metabolite profiles with a core hybridisation strategy in rice. Metabolic biomarkers identified from early developmental stage tissues, which are grown under experimental conditions, may represent a workable approach towards the robust prediction of major agronomic traits for climate‐adaptive varieties.