白刺属植物的分类学及系统学研究

在回顾白刺属(NitrariaL)研究历史的基础上,对全球所产白刺属的12种植物作了详细的考证和系统整理。根据果皮结构及演化趋势,花粉形态及分布区等方面的研究资料,探讨了属内种间的系统发育,提出了属下的分类系统,在此系统下编制出分组及分种检索表。根据其地理分布,绘制了白刺属植物的中国及世界分布图。     

人类指掌皮肤嵴纹与智力发育的相关性研究

本工作对120例遗传型智残者和60例非遗传型智残者的指、掌皮肤嵴纹数进行分析,并分别与相同例数的对照组同类资料进行比较,找出与智力发育相关的指端、指间区、指基部皮纹参数,据此将遗传型智残组按智商值的不同分为6个组,将不同智商组对应的各区嵴纹数进行分析处理。结果表明,指端皮肤嵴纹数与智商呈正相关,相关系数r＝0.8319,各指间区和指基部嵴纹数与智商值呈负相关,相关系数r＝-0.7392。 Abstract　Digital and palmar of 120 cases of hereditary mental deficiency and 60 cases of non-hereditary mental deficiency were analysed, and compared with the control group using the same cases and identical data, and then skin vein parameter interrelated with intelligence development for digital end, interdigital area, digital root were found. In the light of this we divided the hereditary mental deficiency group into 6 accorcding to IQ value, and analysed statistically every area ridge count corresponding to different IQ group. The result showed that ridge count of digital end was positively correlated with IQ value correlative coefficientr=0.8319; Whereas ridge count of interdigital area and digital root were negatively correlated with IQ value correlative cofficientr=0.7392.     

人类线粒体转移方法初报

将人肝脏匀浆、差速离心、等密度梯度离心纯化得到线粒体,通过显微注射法将其转移到小鼠的受精卵细胞质内,有61 % 的卵注射后存活,而存活的卵中53 % 能顺利完成第一次卵裂。提示将人类线粒体向实验动物小鼠转移具有可行性     

用改良的MTT法测定rhG-CSF活性

ＭＴＴ测定法是根据线粒体脱氢酶催化ＭＴＴ形成蓝色甲■的多少来检测活细胞数和功能状态的,但原始方法中存在着一些问题,如敏感性偏低、有机溶剂产生蛋白质沉淀以及产物的溶解度偏低等。为了摸索测定 ｒｈＧ－ＣＳＦ活性的最适条件,我们以 ＮＦＳ－６０细胞为对象,比较了多种溶解缓冲液,并且对细胞数、ＭＴＴ浓度及保留时间、溶解液用量等条件进行了选择。结果表明,ＤＭＦ－２０％ＳＤＳ和 ２０％ＳＤＳ的效果最好,测定时细胞数为每孔 １０００个细胞,所加 ＭＴＴ浓度为 １ｍｇ／ｍｌ,保留时间为 ４ ｈ,溶解液的用量为每孔 １００μｌ。     

小麦珠心细胞衰退过程酸性磷酸酶的超微细胞化学定位(英文)

采用磷酸铅盐沉淀技术对小麦（ Ｔｒｉｔｉｃｕｍ ａｅｓｔｉｖｕｍ Ｌ．） 珠心细胞衰退过程进行了酸性磷酸酶的超微细胞化学定位研究。结果显示,在未有明显衰退迹象的一些珠心细胞中,酸性磷酸酶只出现在细胞核轻微凝聚的染色质上。随珠心细胞衰退程度的逐渐增大,其衰退特征越来越明显,酸性磷酸酶依次在细胞质中较小液泡、细胞壁、线粒体、质体以及内质网等结构上出现活性反应。紧连胚囊的珠心细胞衰退程度最大,细胞严重变形,酸性磷酸酶定位于细胞绝大部分结构中,但此时变形的细胞核则无酸性磷酸酶活性反应。研究结果表明,小麦珠心细胞的衰退过程中,酸性磷酸酶存在一个有规律的变化,支持珠心细胞的衰退是属于细胞程序性死亡类型的观点     

建设21世纪知识生态，促进人类持续繁荣

当人类即将告别充满科学发现和技术发明活力的２０世纪,跨入崭新的２１世纪的时候,根据电子技术和信息技术的日益发展,联合国研究机构在１９９０年提出了“知识经济”的新概念,１９９６年明确定义了“以知识为基础的经济（Ｋｎｏｗｌｅｄｇｅｂａｓｅｄｅｃｏｎｏｍｙ...     

Genome-wide association study dissects the genetic control of plant height and branch number in response to low-phosphorus stress in Brassica napus

Background and AimsOilseed rape (Brassica napus) is one of the most important oil crops worldwide. Phosphorus (P) deficiency severely decreases the plant height and branch number of B. napus. However, the genetic bases controlling plant height and branch number in B. napus under P deficiency remain largely unknown. This study aims to mine candidate genes for plant height and branch number by genome-wide association study (GWAS) and determine low-P-tolerance haplotypes.MethodsAn association panel of B. napus was grown in the field with a low P supply (P, 0 kg ha⁻¹) and a sufficient P supply (P, 40 kg ha⁻¹) across 2 years and plant height and branch number were investigated. More than five million single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used to conduct GWAS of plant height and branch number at two contrasting P supplies.Key ResultsA total of 2127 SNPs were strongly associated (P < 6·25 × 10⁻⁰⁷) with plant height and branch number at two P supplies. There was significant correlation between phenotypic variation and the number of favourable alleles of associated loci on chromosomes A10 (chrA10_821671) and C08 (chrC08_27999846), which will contribute to breeding improvement by aggregating these SNPs. BnaA10g09290D and BnaC08g26640D were identified to be associated with chrA10_821671 and chrC08_27999846, respectively. Candidate gene association analysis and haplotype analysis showed that the inbred lines carrying ATT at BnaA10g09290Hap1 and AAT at BnaC08g26640Hap1 had greater plant height than lines carrying other haplotype alleles at low P supply.ConclusionOur results demonstrate the power of GWAS in identifying genes of interest in B. napus and provided insights into the genetic basis of plant height and branch number at low P supply in B. napus. Candidate genes and favourable haplotypes may facilitate marker-based breeding efforts aimed at improving P use efficiency in B. napus.     

江西上三叠统安源组叶肢介一新属*

香溪叶肢介亚科(Xiangxiellinae)以壳瓣胎壳较大、壳上具有一条或两条短脊为特征,包括两个属:原单脊叶肢介属(ProtomonocarinaTasch,1962)和香溪叶肢介属(XiangxiellaShen,1976)。该亚科化石广布于世界各地,最早出现于我国晚石炭世,三叠纪末消失。本文建立的新属叉脊叶肢介(Dicerestheriagen.nov.),以胎壳上具有两条呈“人”字形向前后分叉的、粗壮的短脊为特征,与香溪叶肢介的构造特征最为接近。推测新属壳瓣胎壳脊的形成与闭壳肌附着引起的壳瓣变异或与生态环境变化有关。化石产于江西抚州崇礼县礼陂煤矿,上三叠统安源组徐坊段。湘赣一带安源组为一套含煤地层,属于滨海、近海、沼泽沉积区,产半咸水类型的双壳类,时代认为卡尼及早诺利期。植物化石Ptiozamites–Anthrophyopsis组合是诺利期的代表,适宜于热带、亚热带气候,滨海环境生长的群落。因此推测新属是一个生活在炎热、潮湿的热带-亚热带气候近海沼泽环境的类型。     

微生物肥料新型功能作用机理与根际定殖增强策略

微生物肥料是支撑农业绿色发展的重要投入品,根际益生菌是微生物肥料菌种的主要来源。我国农业发展对促进作物根系发育、增强作物耐盐胁迫能力等新型功能的微生物肥料提出了需求,然而目前对根际益生菌促进作物根系发育和增强耐盐胁迫的分子机理研究仍然薄弱,成为制约优异菌种选育的瓶颈。另一方面,微生物肥料的根际定殖能力低也是导致其田间应用效果差的重要因素。本文综述了根际益生菌调控根系发育、增强植物耐盐的活性物质和作用机理,分析其根际定殖的过程和菌植互作机制,提出了增强根际定殖的策略,以期为微生物肥料研究提供参考。     

Efficacy and specificity of antisense laminin chain-specific expression vectors in blocking laminin induction by TGFβ1: Effect of laminin blockade on TGFβ1-mediated cellular responses

Transforming growth factorβ1 (TGFβ1) elicits a multitude of cellular responses from the epithelial-derived human colon cancer Moser cells. TGFβ1 induces the expression of laminin and fibronectin, and previous studies show that the induction of fibronectin is functionally associated with the regulation of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) expression by TGFβ1 (Huang and Chakrabarty, 1994, J Biol Chem 269:28764–28768). In this study we constructed antisense laminin chain-specific expression vectors and determined their efficacy in blocking the expression and the induction of the large multichain laminin molecule by TGFβ1. We also determined the functional role of laminin in several TGFβ1-mediated responses: growth inhibition, downmodulation of anchorage-independent growth, and cellular invasion. Expression of either antisense laminin chain A, B1, or B2 RNA resulted in a downmodulation of endogenous laminin mRNA expression and blocked the induction of laminin protein by TGFβ1 without affecting the induction of other adhesion molecules such as fibronectin or CEA. It is concluded that antisense RNA directed to only one of the laminin chains was sufficient to disrupt the induction of the complex laminin molecule in quite a specific manner. Expression of antisense laminin RNA downregulated cellular adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM) laminin and blocked the ability of TGFβ1 to upmodulate adhesion to ECM laminin. Expression of antisense laminin RNA, however, did not alter the downregulating effect of TGFβ1 on cellular proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, or cellular invasion, suggesting that the induction of laminin did not play a significant functional role in these TGFβ1-mediated cellular responses. It is likely that other adhesion pathways may be involved in mediating the action of TGFβ1 in this cell line. J. Cell. Physiol. 178:296–303, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.