杨树人工林幼林阶段林下植被管理对土壤微生物生物量碳、氮酶活性的影响

为了探讨林下植物物种多样性对杨树（Populus spp.）人工幼林阶段土壤微生物区系的影响,在林下设计了林下植被物种数量递增的3种处理,即清除林下植被（无林下植物）、保留单一林下植物（一种林下植物）和保留物种多样的自然林下植被（多种林下植物）,于处理1年后采样分析土壤微生物生物量碳（MBC）和氮（MBN）含量、基于Biolog-ECO微平板的土壤微生物群落代谢特征以及与土壤碳、氮转化相关的胞外酶活性的差异,以期从土壤养分转化和供应的角度为科学管理人工林林下植被提供依据。结果表明,林下植被处理对8月份0-5 cm土层的土壤MBC、MBN含量以及酶活性有较大影响。与清除林下植被处理相比,保留单一林下植物处理8月份0-5 cm土层的土壤MBC、MBN含量以及β-葡萄糖苷酶、多酚氧化酶和芳基酰胺酶活性显著增加,增幅分别为27.91%、54.48%、14.74%、32.53%和6.20%,而保留物种丰富度高的自然林下植被处理林地土壤的上述指标进一步分别增加了4.88%、14.93%、9.22%、13.63%和12.86%。此外,林下植被处理还改变了土壤微生物群落代谢特征,8月份0-5 cm土层的土壤微生物Shannon指数随着林下植被物种数量的增加而显著增大。清除林下植被处理的土壤微生物主要利用的碳源包括部分糖类、氨基酸类和酯类,与清除林下植被处理相比,保留单一林下植物处理的土壤微生物提高了对上述几种碳源的利用能力,同时对糖类、氨基酸类、酯类和有机酸类碳源的利用种类范围明显扩大,而保留物种多样的自然林下植被的土壤微生物对31种碳源基本上可以全面有效利用。因此,保留林下植被,特别是提高林下植被的物种丰富度,有利于增加土壤微生物生物量,提高土壤微生物的代谢功能和分解活性,可以在一定程度上加快土壤的物质转化和养分循环功能。     

The Functional Motif of SARS-CoV S Protein Involved in the Interaction with ACE2

SARS-CoV is a newly discovery pathogen causing severe acute respiratory problems. It has been established that the S protein in this pathogen plays an important rule in the adsorption and penetration of SARS-CoV into the host cell by interaction with the ACE2 receptor. To determinant which functional motif of the S protein was involved in the interaction with ACE2, seven truncated S proteins deleted from the N or C terminal were obtained by an E.coli expression system and purified by column chroma-tography to homogeneity. Each truncated S protein was fixed on to the well of an ELISA plate and an interaction was initiated with the ACE2 protein. The adsorption were quantified by ELISA, and the results indicated that amino acids from 388 to 496 of the S protein was responsible for the interaction with the ACE2 receptor, and the interaction could be completely disrupted by an antibody specific to these amino acids. Deletions adjacent to this domain did not appear to have a significant impact on the interaction with ACE2, suggesting that the S protein of SARS-CoV could be developed as a vaccine to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV.     

卵壳的超微结构特征

本文运用扫描电镜研究了美洲鸵鸟,鹂鹋,非洲鸵鸟,普通家鸡,环颈雉,绿头鸭,王企鹅等七种现生鸟蛋壳和更新世安氏鸵鸟蛋壳以及六种白垩纪恐龙蛋壳（长形长形蛋Ｅｌｏｎｇａｔｏｏｌｉｔｈｕｓｅｌｏｎｇａｔｕｓ,安氏长形蛋Ｅｌｏｎｇａｔｏｏｌｉｔｈｕｓａｎｄｒｅｗｓｉ,瑶屯巨形蛋Ｍａｃｒｏｏｌｉｔｈｕｓｙａｏｔｕｎｅｎｓｉｓ粗皮巨形蛋Ｍａｃｒｏｏｌｉｔｈｕｓｒｕｇｕｓｔｕｓ,将军顶圆形蛋Ｓｐｈｅｒｏｏｌｉｔｈ     

西双版纳片断季节性雨林蚂蚁物种多样性研究

以西双版纳勐仑自然保护区为对照,采用陷井诱捕法和亲方调查法比较研究了３个不同面积、不同环境状况和片断季节性雨林蚂蚁的群落组成及物种多样性变化。结果表明：所获蚂蚁隶属４亚科２４属５０种,以城子龙山物种数量多。各样地优势种均不相同。４类样地间的共有物种较少,只有４种;相似性较低,相似性系 ０．１６２２～０．３５４８。聚类结果显示,植物园保护区与城子龙山最先聚为一类,然后与自然保护区聚为一类,最后才与曼     

综述——纳米材料与药物输递：基于聚合物的环境敏感型纳米抗肿瘤药物传输系统的研究

环境敏感型聚合物纳米抗肿瘤药物传递系统能够响应外界环境的微小刺激,引起自身结构的变化,释放出药物,在肿瘤治疗方面具长效低毒、可控及高载药量等优势,已被广泛应用于生物医学领域．本文介绍了聚合物环境响应型纳米药物传输系统的发展近况,并从pH 值敏感型、温度敏感型、氧化还原敏感型、酶敏感型以及其他敏感型给药系统角度,阐述了环境敏感型药物传输系统在抗肿瘤领域的研究现状及未来展望．     

阴道分离因肯毛孢子菌的分子鉴定和种内分型

分别采用rRNA基因内转录间隔区(ITS)和基因间隔区(IGS1)测序,ITS和IGS1区PCR限制性片段长度多态性分析(PCR-RFLP)和基因组DNA的随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)等方法,对三株因肯毛孢子菌Trichosporon inkin进行分子特征及种内分型研究。结果显示,不同菌株的rRNA基因ITS区和IGS1区的序列相似性均高达100%,RFLP酶切图谱具有较理想的种内一致性,而不同菌株的RAPD图谱不尽相同。研究表明:rRNA基因IGS1区测序及RFLP酶切可考虑用于因肯毛孢子菌的菌种分子鉴定,而基因组DNA的RAPD则较适合于菌种的种内分型。     

中国淡水根管虫(多毛纲、龙介虫科)一新纪录及其组织结构的观察

首次报道了中国淡水固着滤食的多毛类动物根管虫(Ficopomatus cf.rnocrodon).标本采自深圳市郊人工淡水河底的石块上(113°46′07.52″ E;22°43′41.91″N),石块用自来水浸泡后带有盐味.虫管顶部中线有一纵脊,环纹不明显.虫体长6.4～8.0mm.鳃冠具16根鳃丝.壳盖呈橄榄形.虫体具7个胸刚节,第一刚节具9～11根领刚毛,呈毛状.胸区齿片腹刚毛具单排9个齿,长47～52μm.腹区背齿片刚毛具11～13齿,齿片宽50～55μm.膝状腹刚毛长506～525μm.组织学观察显示,鳃丝、壳盖和领部表面均由单层柱状上皮细胞构成.鳃丝表面有一层胶质层.壳盖顶部布满微型沙粒.胸区表层有大量钙质分泌细胞.雌雄异体,无真正的生殖腺,成熟个体的腹区每个体节充满成熟的精子或卵子.消化道由口、食道、肠和肛门构成.胸区的背纵肌束发达.刚毛上附有刚毛肌,背血管位于食道背部,两侧膨大,上下较窄.排泄系统呈2个U形肾管,仅分布于前胸区,排泄孔位于鳃丝丛中央.脑位于食道的背上方,横切面呈蝶形,2背角和2腹角具密集胶质细胞,内部为胶原纤维,内有零星的细胞.最后,比较和讨论了中国标本与根管虫属现有物种的形态差异.     

三孢布拉霉生产番茄红素研究进展

番茄红素是一种能够预防某些癌症,心血管疾病等慢性病的重要类胡萝卜素。三孢布拉霉是产生番茄红素的主要微生物之一。对番茄红素的理化性质,三孢布拉霉的生物学特性,高产菌株的选育,培养基及工艺的优化,番茄红素的提取,市场状况及开发前景等进行了综述。     

Pretreatment with intrathecal amitriptyline potentiates anti-hyperalgesic effects of post-injury intra-peritoneal amitriptyline following spinal nerve ligation

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Amitriptyline, a tricyclic antidepressant and potent use-dependent blocker of sodium channels, has been shown to attenuate acute and chronic pain in several preclinical modes. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether intrathecal pretreatment with amitriptyline combined with post-injury intra-peritoneal amitriptyline is more effective than post-injury treatment alone on L5 spinal nerve ligation (SNL)-induced neuropathic pain. Methods: 96 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated into 4 groups: group S, Sham; group L, L5 spinal nerve Ligation with vehicle treatment; group A, SNL and post-injury intra-peritoneal (Abdominal) amitriptyline twice daily x 3 days; group P, intrathecal Pretreatment with amitriptyline, SNL and intra-peritoneal amitriptyline twice daily x 3 days. Responses to thermal and mechanical stimuli, as well as sodium channel expression in injured dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and activated glial cells in spinal dorsal horn (SDH) were measured pre-operatively and on post-operative day (POD) 4, 7, 14, 21 and 28. Results: SNL-evoked hyper-sensitivities responses to thermal and mechanical stimuli, up-regulated Nav1.3 and down-regulated Nav1.8 expression in DRG, and activated microglia and astrocytes in SDH. In group A, intra-peritoneal amitriptyline alone alleviated thermal hypersensitivity on POD7, reversed Nav1.8 and reduced activated microglia on POD14. In group P, intrathecal pretreatment with amitriptyline not only potentiated the effect of intra-peritoneal amitriptyline on thermal hypersensitivity and Nav1.8, but attenuated mechanical hypersensitivity on POD7 and reduced up-regulated Nav1.3 on POD14. Furthermore, this treatment regimen reduced astrocyte activation on POD14. Conclusions: Concomitant intrathecal pretreatment and post-injury intra-peritoneal amitriptyline was more effective than post-injury treatment alone on attenuation of behavioral hypersensitivity, decrease of activated microglia and astrocytes and dysregulated Nav1.3 and 1.8.     

高温油藏生物膜内硫酸盐还原菌的腐蚀机理及防治策略

硫酸盐还原菌(sulfate-reducing bacteria,SRB)广泛分布于高温、高压及高盐的石油油藏中,在油藏硫循环中起主导作用。SRB能在油藏生物膜内生长,有微量低分子有机酸时利用硫酸盐为电子受体并将其还原成硫化氢。硫化氢会腐蚀管道,导致原油泄露等其他安全问题,每年造成的经济损失超过7 000亿元。本文首先总结了油藏生物膜内微生物菌群多样性,分析了生物膜内SRB及其相关菌群的协同腐蚀机理;然后讨论了高温油藏SRB介导的硫氮氢生物地球化学循环过程、胞外电子传递机制及其腐蚀作用,并通过几个高温油藏SRB生物膜内腐蚀的现场案例进一步阐明了SRB的腐蚀机制。在此基础上,提出了应对高温油藏生物膜内SRB腐蚀的生物纳米防治策略,这为高温油藏管道防腐提供了新思路。