中国南海部分深海沉积物真菌多样性及其抗菌活性

【目的】从南海4个站位的深海沉积物中分离真菌,揭示其多样性并测定抗菌活性。【方法】使用4种培养方法和8种培养基,从12个深海沉积物样本中分离培养真菌,通过菌落形态观察和ITS序列系统发育分析进行鉴定。采用滤纸片扩散法和生长速率法分别测试真菌小量发酵液粗浸膏的抗细菌和抗真菌活性。【结果】共分离到125株纯培养真菌,基于形态和ITS序列分析,排重后得到18个种类型,这些真菌可以划分到12个属,大多数属于子囊菌门(Ascomycota),只有2株属于担子菌门(Basidiomycota)。4个站位可培养真菌多样性具有差异性。抑菌活性筛选显示,大多数真菌具有较好的抑菌活性;链格孢属(Alternaria)、青霉属(Penicillium)、匐柄霉属(Stemphylium)这几个属的真菌表现出对多种指示细菌有抑制作用,尤其是Alternaria tenuissima DN09、Alternaria alternata DN14和Penicillium chrysogenum DN16对G~+和G~–细菌均表现出抑制作用。【结论】本研究揭示了南海深海沉积物可培养真菌多样性和抑菌活性,为进一步利用深海沉积物来源真菌奠定了基础。     

开放基础护理实验室加强护理专业技能培养的试验研究

目的:通过基础护理教研室开展实验室开放教学活动,促进了<基础护理学实验教学体制改革,满足学生有更多机会练习技能操作,提高专科护生对专业技能的正确认识,具备熟练的操作技能,从而提高学生的学习成绩.同时增强了学生学习的自信心和学习兴趣,从而达到开发学生创造思维和培养学生创新精神与实践能力、综合动手能力的目的,践行我校"(技能+特长)×态度"的人才培养目标.方法:通过对07级专科学生随机抽取样本100名,其中在参加开放实验室的学生中抽取50名为实验组,采用常规教学与实验室开放教学相结合的路线;在未参加者中随机抽取50名为对照组,采用传统方法常规教学.比较两组的基础护理学期末技能考试成绩,肯定开放实验室的效果.同时在实验室开放过程中,采取发放调查问卷、与学生交流及征求实验指导教师意见及建议,及时发现存在的问题,进行分析讨论并整改实验室开放方案,从而推动实验教学改革.结果:实验组学生期末考试成绩平均分明显高于对照组;67%同学认为开放基护实验室非常必要.结论:开放实验室教学既能充分调动学生自主学习的积极性,使学习成绩提高,又能提高学生的实践操作能力和综合素质,肯定了实验室的开放效果.说明开放实验室是创造性教学的场所,是实施素质教育的重要途径.     

Acute activation of acid ceramidase affects cytokine-induced cytotoxicity in rat islet β-cells

Ceramidase hydrolyzes ceramide and produces sphingosine as a substrate of sphingosine kinase (SPHK), which transforms sphingosine to sphingosine-1-phosphate. It has been reported that cytokines elicit SPHK activation in rat β-cells. As a sphingosine provider, ceramidase should also be activated. In our previous work, we showed that the increase in mRNA and protein levels in cytokine-treated INS-1 rat β-cells resulted in chronic activation of neutral ceramidase. Here we found that acid ceramidase (AC) is activated by cytokines at an early stage via tyrosine phosphorylation. In addition, basal AC activity was first detected in INS-1 cells and isolated rat islets, and cytokine-induced cell growth was significantly repressed when AC was pharmacologically inhibited.     

稳定表达禽β防御素6的DF-1细胞系的建立及其抑菌活性

[背景]禽β防御素6是禽体内分泌的一类抗菌肽,在抵抗病原入侵和免疫调节中发挥着重要作用,但其常规表达方式效率较低,难以在产业化生产中加以应用.[目的]建立稳定表达AvBD6的细胞系,并检测其表达产物对耐药大肠杆菌的抗菌活性,为其他防御素表达提供参考.[方法]利用显微镜观察构建真核重组表达载体pLOV-eGFP-AvBD...     

Ecological Reconstruction of the Loess Plateau and Research of Soil Erosion and Dryland Agriculture

Ecological Reconstruction of the Loess Plateau and Research of Soil Erosion and Dryland Agriculture     

CXCL12-CXCR4生物学轴与干细胞

干细胞的生长、诱导、分化、迁移、归巢等过程中常伴随着趋化因子CXCL12及其受体CXCR4的变化,因而推测CXCL12-CXCR4生物学轴和干细胞之间存在着某种联系.干细胞是否分泌趋化因子？CXCL12-CXCR4生物学轴在干细胞生长、迁移、分化等过程中究竟有何影响？这些日益引起人们极大的兴趣.阐明CXCL12-CXCR4生物学轴和干细胞之间的关系,可能有助于寻找干细胞移植、组织重建和肿瘤治疗的新途径.     

Estimates and Predictions of Coal Workers’ Pneumoconiosis Cases among Redeployed Coal Workers of the Fuxin Mining Industry Group in China: A Historical Cohort Study

This research was aimed at estimating possible Coal workers’ pneumoconiosis (CWP) cases as of 2012, and predicting future CWP cases among redeployed coal workers from the Fuxin Mining Industry Group. This study provided the scientific basis for regulations on CWP screening and diagnosis and labor insurance policies for redeployed coal workers of resource-exhausted mines. The study cohort included 19,116 coal workers. The cumulative incidence of CWP was calculated by the life-table method. Possible CWP cases by occupational category were estimated through the average annual incidence rate of CWP and males’ life expectancy. It was estimated that 141 redeployed coal workers might have suffered from CWP as of 2012, and 221 redeployed coal workers could suffer from CWP in the future. It is crucial to establish a set of feasible and affordable regulations on CWP screening and diagnosis as well as labor insurance policies for redeployed coal workers of resource-exhausted coal mines in China.     

澜沧江流域暴雨干旱灾害与海温异常波动规律的相关性

基于中国气象局国家气象信息中心提供的澜沧江区域1961—2011年50年气象资料,采用EMD(Empirical Mode Decomposition)分解、均生函数逐步回归模型、相关分析等方法,探讨了澜沧江流域极端天气灾害的变化特征,及其区域极端灾害变化和全球海温异常ENSO(El Nio/La Nia-Southern Oscillation)之间的联系。结果表明:(1)该区域降水和暴雨频次存在多尺度特征,降水量存在2a、7a、15a的变化周期,且主周期为准2 a。(2)降水量和暴雨频度序列的IMF1和IMF2周期在2—7 a之间,与ENSO在年际变化上的信号相吻合,NINO(El Nio)指数无论春夏秋冬或年际都与暴雨和干旱灾害频次呈现负相关,而SOI(Southern Oscillation Index)指数则呈现正相关,其中,NINO指数与干旱相关性指数在秋冬和年际接近-0.3。(3)澜沧江流域暴雨和干旱灾害与ENSO有重要联系,且随着气温升高干旱灾害频次明显增加。研究结果显示区域极端气温灾害的变化与全球气候变暖有某种关联,是全球气候变化的区域响应表现形式之一。     

云南省外来有害生物入侵现状及口岸疫情截获分析

【目的】云南是外来入侵生物的重灾区,了解外来有害生物入侵现状、加强防控尤为紧迫。【方法】从入侵云南外来有害生物类别、入侵途径、造成的损失等方面对云南省外来有害生物的入侵现状进行了阐述,对云南口岸疫情进行统计分析。【结果】按进境检疫物上截获有害生物批次及疫情货物批次统计的国家主要为缅甸、老挝、泰国、越南、荷兰5个国家;按检疫方式分类统计,货检截获批次最多,旅检次之,二者之和占总截获批次的99%;按有害生物类别分类统计,昆虫截获最多,占总截获批次的70.0%至73.9%,杂草、真菌居次,细菌、线虫、病毒、螨类、其他又次之;按货物类别统计,截获有害生物批次最多为粮豆类,占总截获批次的46%。【结论】提出了相应的检疫监管对策与建议,以期为口岸检疫提供参考,降低外来有害生物的入侵风险。