p21HBsAg/HBsAg转基因小鼠肝脏病理学研究

目的观察p21HBsAg/HBsAg转基因小鼠肝脏病理学改变.方法分别选取2、6、12、18、24月龄的SPF级p21HBsAg/HBsAg转基因小鼠和p21+/+野生型小鼠,剖检进行大体观察,取肝脏及肝脏肿瘤组织,进行组织学HE染色及电镜超微结构观察.结果 p21HBsAg/HBsAg转基因小鼠肝脏大体、光镜和电镜下均有明显病理改变.随着月龄的增加,肝脏色暗质硬,表面有结节和肿瘤形成;光镜下,肝细胞浊肿,炎症细胞浸润,脂肪变性,点状、灶状和碎屑状坏死,非典型增生,肝细胞癌.癌细胞分化良好,类似肝细胞,形成索状和腺泡状结构.癌细胞核深染,具核分裂像.电镜下,癌细胞核变形,核膜曲折凹陷,线粒体肿胀,数目增多,嵴减少.4例18月龄转基因小鼠发生肝细胞癌(4/10),6例24月龄的转基因小鼠发生肝细胞癌(6/10),其中2例发现远处转移.结论 p21HBsAg/HBsAg转基因小鼠肝脏出现明显病理损害,18月龄小鼠开始发展成高分化的肝细胞癌,高龄小鼠形成的肝细胞癌能够转移.     

SARS病毒基因组的多态性

对SARS病人粪便样本直接测序,得到SRAS—CoV BJ202全基因组序列（AY864806）。应用比较基因组研究方法对GenBank中公布的115株SARS—CoV基因组序列以及BJ202进行分析。以GZ02序列为参照,发现2个以上基因组中同时存在单核苷酸多态（SNP）位点共278个。多态位点在SARS—CoV基因组中呈偏态分布,大约一半突变位点（50．4％,140／278）发生在基因组3’末端1／3区域。编码Orf10-11、Orf3／4、E蛋白、M蛋白和S蛋白区域突变率较高。克隆并测序含有BJ202基因组12个多态位点的11个cDNA以及4个不含已知多态位点的cDNA片段（15个片段总长度为6．0kb）,结果显示：BJ202特有的3个多态位点（13804、1503l和20792）以及另外3个多态位点（26428、26477和27243）均检出两种不同核苷酸;位点18379虽在已公布的115株SARS—CoV基因组中未发现突变,实际上也是多态位点。14个克隆中有8个克隆该位点为A,6个克隆为G。全部116个SARS—CoV基因组中共有18种缺失类型和2种插入类型。大部分缺失发生在编码ORF9和ORF10-11区域（基因组序列27700—28000bp处）。以邻位连接法（Neighbor-Joining）构建了116株SARS—CoV系统发育树,BJ202与BJ01和LLJ-2004等SARS—CoV的亲缘关系较接近。     

柔红霉素产生菌SIPI-1482中dnmV基因功能的阻断及恢复

dnmV基因产物为柔红霉素生物合成途径中TDP-6-脱氧己糖C4酮基还原酶,破坏该基因能阻断柔红糖胺的合成,进而阻断柔红霉素的产生。从天蓝淡红链霉菌(S. coeruleorubidus)SIPI-1482基因组DNA中经PCR扩增出dnmV及其上游dnmU基因片段,并由此构建了用于阻断dnmV基因的同源重组质粒pYG817,转化SIPI-1482菌株后成功地破坏了dnmV基因,发酵结果显示阻断突变株不再代谢产生柔红霉素,为引入新的基因来改变代谢产物的糖基结构打下了基础。通过导入dnmV基因表达质粒可重建该突变株的生物合成途径,恢复产生柔红霉素,但产量比出发菌株要低。     

中华蜜蜂化学感受蛋白基因Acer-CSP1克隆与表达特征分析

化学感受蛋白(chemosensory proteins, CSPs)是昆虫化学感受系统中重要的组成部分之一。本研究克隆了中华蜜蜂Apis cerana cerana化学感受蛋白基因Acer-CSP1, 其核苷酸全长351 bp （GenBank登录号为FJ157352）, 编码116个氨基酸残基, 预测蛋白分子量为13.85 kD, 等电点为4.89, 且含有4个保守的半胱氨酸残基, 均符合昆虫CSPs的一般特征, 且与意蜂CSP1基因具有99.1%的相似性, 与其他昆虫也有45.3%~68.0%的相似性。利用2^-ΔΔCt法及绝对定量法的real-time PCR技术对Acer-CSP1在中蜂不同器官表达特征进行了研究, 得出的一致结论为Acer-CSP1显著水平地高丰度表达于中华蜜蜂触角, 其次大量表达于头部。由于触角为中华蜜蜂最主要的嗅觉器官, 而头部则具有发达的感觉神经系统和味觉系统, 这也提示Acer-CSP1极有可能参与中华蜜蜂的嗅觉以及其他化学感受功能。     

烯效唑对青钱柳试管苗生长及生理特性的影响

在含0.00(CK)、0.01、0.05、0.10和1.00 mg·L-1烯效唑的WPM培养基上继代培养120 d后,对青钱柳[Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.)Iljinskaja]试管苗的部分生长及生理指标的变化进行了比较研究.结果显示:不同质量浓度烯效唑对青钱柳试管苗的生长及生理指标有不同的影响效应.总体上,随培养基中烯效唑质量浓度的提高,青钱柳试管苗的苗高、叶片数和可溶性蛋白质含量逐渐降低,可溶性糖与可溶性蛋白质含量的比值、SOD和POD活性逐渐提高;在培养基中添加0.01、0.05和0.10 mg·L-1烯效唑对青钱柳试管苗的成活率无显著影响,却可使试管苗的单株鲜质量增加量、叶绿素含量和可溶性糖含量均高于对照;在培养基中添加1.00 mg·L-1烯效唑能显著或极显著降低试管苗的成活率、单株鲜质量增加量、分化芽数、苗高、叶片数以及叶绿素含量、可溶性糖含量和可溶性蛋白质含量,并使苗茎出现异常增粗和矮化.而在含0.10 mg·L-1烯效唑的培养基上,虽然试管苗的苗高、分化芽数和叶片数分别较对照降低了28.03%、9.70%和12.37%,但试管苗的单株鲜质量增加量、叶绿素含量、可溶性糖含量、可溶性糖与可溶性蛋白质含量的比值、 SOD和POD活性分别较对照提高了99.39%、 14.00%、 5.00%、115.43%、129.77%和33.79%.研究结果表明,在培养基中添加0.10 mg·L-1烯效唑可有效改善青钱柳试管苗的生长和生理特性,有效控制苗高和叶片数,促进苗茎的增粗,有助于增强试管苗的抗逆能力.     

巢湖西半湖富营养化时空变化趋势与成因分析

收集整理了巢湖西半湖6个国控监测点1983~2008年（26年）主要富营养化指标TP、TN、CODmn、Chla的监测数据,计算了6个监测点和西半湖总体26年的综合营养状态指数（∑TLI图示）时空变化情况。并用Spearm an秩相关系数分析检验了西半湖总体和6个监测点26年∑TLI年变化趋势。结果表明：按总平均∑TLI排列,6个监测点富营养化由重到轻依次为：南淝河入湖区（66.64）〉塘西（64.93）〉十五里河入湖区（63.35）〉派河入湖区（61.38）〉新河入湖区（59.51）〉西半湖湖心（59.18）;在显著水平0.05和0.01各点∑TLI均有上升趋势,其中十五里河入湖区（R=0.715）、新河入湖区（R=0.824）和西半湖湖心（R=0.811）以及西半湖总体（R=0.512）∑TLI有显著上升趋势,而南淝河入湖区（R=0.192）、塘西（R=0.045）和派河入湖区（R=0.325）上升趋势均不显著。最后在上述研究的基础上,对巢湖西半湖富营养化时空变化的成因进行了简要分析。     

2008年夏季青岛近海浒苔无机元素含量分析

2008年夏季对青岛近海栈桥、汇泉湾和五四广场三个海域的漂浮浒苔进行了样本采集,针对其12种无机元素进行了含量分析与比较,并与2007年夏季三个海域的浒苔的无机元素含量进行了比较。结果表明,2008年采自汇泉湾海域的漂浮浒苔的Ca,Cu,N,Na和P含量在三个海域中最高,而采自五四广场的漂浮浒苔的Fe,Mn,Pb和Zn含量最高,Cd,K和Mg的含量在三个海域的水平相差不大。与2007年相同海域比较,2008年的漂浮浒苔更富含Fe,K,Mg,Mn,Na和P。另外,与海带和紫菜比较,浒苔中的Fe,Mg和Na含量较高,而P和Zn含量较低,Ca和K含量,低于海带而高于紫菜中的含量;有害元素Cd和Pb含量远低于相应的藻类制品卫生标准（GB19643—2005）和无公害产品海藻（NY5056-005）中的限量要求。结果从无机元素角度为浒苔的综合利用提供数据支持。     

Polymorphism of SARS-CoV Genomes

In this work, severe acute respiratory syndrome associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) genome BJ202 (AY864806) was completely sequenced. The genome was directly accessed from the stool sample of a patient in Beijing. Comparative genomics methods were used to analyze the sequence variations of 116 SARS-CoV genomes (including BJ202) available in the NCBI Gen-Bank. With the genome sequence of GZ02 as the reference, there were 41 polymorphic sites identified in BJ202 and a total of 278 polymorphic sites present in at least two of the 116 genomes. The distribution of the polymorphic sites was biased over the whole genome. Nearly half of the variations (50.4%, 140/278) clustered in the one third of the whole genome at the 3′ end (19.0 kb-29.7 kb). Regions encoding Orf10-11, Orf3/4, E, M and S protein had the highest mutation rates. A total of 15 PCR products (about 6.0 kb of the genome) including 11 fragments containing 12 known polymorphic sites and 4 fragments without identified polymorphic sites were cloned and sequenced. Results showed that 3 unique polymorphic sites of BJ202 (positions 13 804, 15 031 and 20 792) along with 3 other polymorphic sites (26 428, 26 477 and 27 243) all contained 2 kinds of nucleotides. It is interesting to find that position 18379 which has not been identified to be polymorphic in any of the other 115 published SARS-CoV genomes is actually a polymorphic site. The nucleotide composition of this site is A (8) to G (6). Among 116 SARS-CoV genomes, 18 types of deletions and 2 insertions were identified. Most of them were related to a 300 bp region (27 700-28 000) which encodes parts of the putative ORF9 and ORF10-11. A phylogenetic tree illustrating the divergence of whole BJ202 genome from 115 other completely sequenced SARS-CoVs was also constructed. BJ202 was phylogeneticly closer to BJ01 and LLJ-2004.     

Neuromedin B and its receptor influence the activity of myometrial primary cells in vitro through regulation of Il6 expression via the Rela/p65 pathway in mice

The neuromedin B receptor (Nmbr) is an important physiological regulator of spontaneous activities and stress responses through different cascades as well as its autocrine and paracrine effects. Previous studies have revealed that neuromedin B (Nmb) and its receptor signal via the Rela (also known as p65)/Il6 pathway in a mouse model of pregnancy. This study investigated the mechanism of Nmbr signaling via the Rela/p65-Il6 pathway and regulation of the concentration of intracellular free calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) during the onset of labor in primary mouse myometrial cell cultures isolated from mice in term labor. Data demonstrated Nmbr agonist-mediated upregulation of the DNA binding activity of Rela/p65, Il6 expression, and [Ca(2+)](i) in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, a significant correlation was observed between DNA binding activity of Rela/p65 and Il6 expression. Moreover, this up-regulation was blocked by Nmbr and Rela/p65 knockdown, achieved by RNA interference (RNAi) technology. No significant differences were identified in the inhibition of Il6 expression as a result of Nmbr or Rela/p65 knockdown. However, significant differences were observed between the [Ca(2+)](i) in Rela/p65-specific group and that in the Nmbr-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA)-treated groups. These data demonstrated that the Nmb/Nmbr interaction in pregnant myometrial primary cells in vitro predominantly influenced uterine activity through regulation of Il6 expression via the Rela/p65 pathway, although the effects of Nmbr on [Ca(2+)](i) involved several pathways that remain to be elucidated.     

Lysosomal membrane permeabilization is involved in curcumin-induced apoptosis of A549 lung carcinoma cells

We previously reported that curcumin inhibited lung cancer A549 cells growth and promoted cell apoptosis in vitro. In this study, we further examined the apoptosis-related parameters, including lysosomal damage and cathepsin activation, in A549 cells exposed to curcumin. We found that curcumin caused lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) and cytosolic relocation of cathepsin B (cath B) and cathepsin D (cath D). However, only Z-FA-fmk (a cath B inhibitor) but not pepstatin A (a cath D inhibitor) inhibited curcumin-induced cell apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential loss, and cytochrome c release. The antioxidant N-acetylcysteine and glutathione attenuated LMP, suggesting that lysosomal destabilization was dependent on the elevation of reactive oxygen species and which precedes mitochondrial dysfunction. These findings indicated a novel pathway for curcumin regulation of ROS-lysosomal-mitochondrial pathway and provided the key mechanism of regulation of LMP in cell apoptosis, which may be exploited for cancer treatment.