总枝状毛霉对去氢表雄酮的生物转化研究

从土样中筛选到1株能转化甾体的菌株,经形态观察,鉴定为总枝状毛霉(Mucor racemosus)。利用该菌株对去氢表雄酮进行生物转化研究,转化产物分离后,通过红外、质谱和二维核磁波谱分析,确定了化学结构。研究结果表明转化产物是7α-羟基去氢表雄酮和7β-羟基去氢表雄酮。     

FcγR基因多态性与牙周炎易感性的Meta分析

目的 探讨FcγRⅡa、FcγⅢa和FcγRⅢb的基因多态性与牙周炎发病风险性的相关性。 方法 通过检索PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网和万方等中英文数据库,纳入2019年10月前所有符合纳入标准的有关FcγRⅡa、FcγⅢa和FcγRⅢb的基因多态性与牙周炎发病风险性的研究,共27项病例对照研究,其中包含2 105个病例和1 115个对照,采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析,利用优势比(OR)及95%置信区间(CI)评价效应强度。 结果 Meta分析结果合并显示FcγRⅡa和FcγRⅢb的基因多态性与牙周炎的发病风险无显著相关性,但FcγⅢa的基因多态性可能增加慢性牙周炎发病风险(V vs. F,OR=1.93,95% CI 1.01~3.69)。根据种群进行亚组分析,FcγRⅡa H131R位点的突变型可能会增加亚洲人群慢性或侵袭性牙周炎的发病风险[慢性牙周炎:R vs. H,OR=1.22,95% CI 1.04~1.42,(HR+RR)vs. HH,OR=1.28,95% CI 1.03~1.59;侵袭性牙周炎:R vs. H,OR=1.60,95% CI 1.01~2.54],但可能会降低高加索人群慢性牙周炎的发病风险[(HR+RR)vs. HH,OR=0.66,95% CI 0.48~0.90]。FcγⅢa F158V位点的突变型可能增加高加索人群慢性牙周炎的发病风险[V vs. F,OR=1.73,95% CI 1.06~2.85,(VV+FV)vs. FF,OR=2.26,95% CI 1.06~4.82]。FcγRⅢb NA1/NA2位点的NA2等位基因可能会降低包含50%高加索人群的混合人群侵袭性牙周炎的发病风险[(NA1NA2+NA2NA2)vs. NA1NA1,OR=0.57,95% CI 0.34~0.94)]。 结论 FcγRⅡa、FcγⅢa和FcγRⅢb的基因多态性与牙周炎发病风险性之间的联系可能存在着种族差异,需要更大样本、更高质量的研究来进一步证实。     

小麦光温敏雄性不育相关基因的DDRT－PCR分析及功能预测

 以小麦光温敏雄性不育系BS210为试材,分别在北京顺义（可育环境）和安徽阜阳（不育环境）两种诱导育性表现的生态环境下种植,并于雌雄蕊分化期、药隔形成期、花粉母细胞形成期、四分体期和单核期5个时期提取小穗组织的RNA,利用DDRT-PCR方法分离不育系在光、温因子诱导下的差异表达mRNA,并通过反向Northern 进行验证.对获得的20条差异表达的EST进行了测序和BLAST分析,得到了4个候选基因的片段,对其进行5′Race 扩增、序列分析及功能预测.结果表明：它们分别与水稻的DNA修复重组蛋白基因rad50、小麦穗部表达的LRR重复序列型类受体激酶基因、玉米叶片坏死斑点L1s1基因的序列相似性分别为89%、89%和88%,另外还筛选到1个未知功能的新基因片段,它和rad50分别在可育和不育环境下表达的mRNA具有相同的5′端编码区,但3′端非编码区     

甘蔗蓟马在不同甘蔗品种上空间分布型及理论抽样数

为了解甘蔗蓟马在不同甘蔗品种上的种群空间分布型,获得准确的田间调查资料,提高甘蔗蓟马预测及防治效果,2015年7月在云南省农业科学院甘蔗研究所第一科研试验基地,通过调查10个甘蔗品种上甘蔗蓟马成虫和若虫数量,利用5种聚集度指标、Iwao回归分析法和Taylor幂法则测定了甘蔗蓟马的种群空间格局。结果表明,甘蔗蓟马成虫和若虫在不同甘蔗品种上均以个体群形式存在,个体间相互吸引;其空间分布型均为聚集分布,聚集强度随种群密度的升高而增加,聚集是由于自身的生物学习性和环境因素共同作用引起的。利用Iwao回归分析法中的α、β参数计算出在允许误差范围内的理论抽样数。因此,甘蔗蓟马在不同甘蔗品种上均呈聚集分布,调查时应根据当地栽培品种平均虫口密度选择适宜的抽样数量。     

某部入伍新兵心理卫生服务状况及需求调查

目的：调查入伍新兵心理卫生服务状况及对心理卫生服务的需求。方法：采用质性研究和量性研究相结合的方法,对42名入伍新兵作半结构性访谈,编制《部队心理卫生服务状况和需求》调查表,采用调查表对1609名新兵进行调查。结果：9．4％的新兵心理健康知识比较了解;接近半数新兵（43．5％）对心理健康知识很感兴趣;新兵获取心理知识的途径依次为网络、心理知识讲座、报刊杂志、广播电视、面对面咨询;新兵最期望获得的心理知识依次为如何调节自己的情绪、如何建立良好的人际关系、如何塑造自己的个性和常见的心理障碍表现;新兵认为最有帮助的心理服务形式依次为一对一心理咨询、心理知识讲座、心理测验和团体心理活动;只有7．7％的新兵接受过心理卫生服务。结论：新兵对心理健康知识感兴趣,但认知度和利用度均较低,应通过网络、心理知识讲座等方式普及新兵需要的心理健康知识。     

Evolutionary divergence of the APETALA1 and CAULIFLOWER proteins

Abstract APETALA1 (AP1) and CAULIFLOWER (CAL) are a pair of paralogous genes that were generated through the pre‐Brassicaceae whole‐genome duplication event. AP1 and CAL have both partially redundant and unique functions. Previous studies have shown that the K and C regions of their proteins are essential for the functional divergence. However, which differences in these regions are the major contributors and how the differences were accumulated remain unknown. In the present study, we compared the sequences of the two proteins and identified five gaps and 55 amino acid replacements between them. Investigation of genomic sequences further indicated that the differences in the proteins were caused by non‐synonymous substitutions and changes in exon–intron structures. Reconstruction of three‐dimensional structures revealed that the sequence divergence of AP1 and CAL has resulted in differences between the two in terms of the number, length, position and orientation of α‐helices, especially in the K and C regions. Comparisons of sequences and three‐dimensional structures of ancestral proteins with AP1 and CAL suggest that the ancestral AP1 protein experienced fewer changes, whereas the ancestral CAL protein accumulated more changes shortly after gene duplication, relative to their common ancestor. Thereafter, AP1‐like proteins experienced few mutations, whereas CAL‐like proteins were not conserved until the diversification of the Brassicaceae lineage I. This indicates that AP1‐ and CAL‐like proteins evolved asymmetrically after gene duplication. These findings provide new insights into the functional divergence of AP1 and CAL genes.     

大豆异黄酮基于RhoA/ROCK2信号通路改善MCAO大鼠神经功能损伤

目的:探讨大豆异黄酮对脑缺血再灌注大鼠RhoA/ROCK2信号通路介导的氧化应激反应和神经元凋亡的影响。方法:60只SD大鼠随机分为3组,对照组、模型组、大豆异黄酮组。连续给药7天后,给药剂量200 mg/kg。应用中动脉栓塞再灌注模型致大鼠缺血损伤。24 h后评价大鼠神经功能,TTC染色检测脑梗死体积,试剂盒检测脑中氧化因子含量,免疫组化检测神经元损伤,Western Blotting检测RhoA/ROCK2相关蛋白含量。结果:与对照组比较,模型组大鼠神经功能评分降低(P0.05),脑梗死体积增加(P0.05),氧化因子含量增加(P0.05),神经元凋亡显著(P0.05),RhoA/ROCK2蛋白表达增加(P0.05)。与模型组相比,大豆异黄酮升高了大鼠神经功能评分(P0.05),减少的脑梗死体积(P0.05),降低脑中氧化因子含量(P0.05),抑制了神经元凋亡(P0.05),抑制了RhoA/ROCK2蛋白表达(P0.05)。结论:大豆异黄酮可以缓解脑缺血再灌注损伤介导的氧化应激及细胞凋亡,进而减轻神经功能障碍,其机制可能与抑制RhoA/ROCK2信号通路相关。     

浙江镜湖湿地3种菌根植物根部真菌群落多样性及对金属元素富集能力的研究

城市湿地（urban wetland）植物多样性水平高,并具有积极的净化和美化环境的作用。本研究以浙江绍兴镜湖城市湿地公园为研究样地,通过ICP-AES检测了人工园区和次生林土壤中几种金属元素（Al、Cr、Cu、K和Zn）的含量,比较不同类型的菌根植物——黑麦草（Lolium perenne L.）（AM）、六月霜（Monochasma sauatieri Franch）（AM）和乌饭树（Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb）（ERM）对金属元素的富集作用。通过高通量测序分析各宿主植物根部真菌群落的组成和结构,比较其对宿主植物金属富集能力的影响。结果表明：（1）人工园区土壤中5种金属元素的含量均显著高于次生林下的土壤;（2）乌饭树对Al的富集能力较强,黑麦草和六月霜富集Cr能力都较强;（3）3种植物根部真菌主要来自Ascomycota,而乌饭树根部Basidiomycota也是优势真菌,AM真菌在黑麦草和六月霜根部真菌群落结构中较少,而公认的ERM真菌Helotiales和Sebacinales在乌饭树根部真菌群落中的比例较高,且与所测金属元素无显著相关性。绍兴镜湖城市湿地公园次生林土壤环境保持良好。     

IBA浓度、扦插时间对江西杜鹃和百合花杜鹃扦插生根的影响

为探明有鳞大花亚组杜鹃扦插生根的最佳IBA浓度和扦插时间,该研究以江西杜鹃、百合花杜鹃为材料,分别采用腐叶土+河沙(1:1)、泥炭+珍珠岩+蛭石(3:1:1)基质,开展了4个IBA浓度和4个扦插时间的生根试验.结果表明:IBA浓度对除老叶留存数外的所有指标有显著影响,其中100 mg·L-1 IBA处理生根率、新梢长最大,腐烂率最低,其它指标也表现良好,为最佳生根浓度;50 mg·L-1 IBA处理根幅、新梢率最大,但不定根数最少,效果其次;200 mg·L-1 IBA处理促进根系生长,但生根率较低、特别是显著抑制新梢发育;对照处理生根效果最差.扦插时间对所有生根指标均有显著影响,早春(04-18)木质化硬枝扦插除老叶留存数较差外,其它指标均表现极佳,为最适扦插时间;秋季(10-19)半木质-木质化过渡枝扦插效果其次;夏季(06-21)嫩枝及(08-16)半木质化枝生根效果极差,不宜进行扦插育苗.物种、基质对生根指标也有显著影响,百合花杜鹃扦插生根能力强于江西杜鹃,泥炭+珍珠岩+蛭石(3:1:1)基质生根效果优于腐叶土+河沙(1:1).该研究结果首次发现早春新梢萌发前采用木质化硬枝扦插可以显著提高两种杜鹃的生根效果,为该亚组杜鹃的扦插育苗提供了科学依据.     

Comparative transcriptome analysis of developmental stages of the Limonium bicolor leaf generates insights into salt gland differentiation

With the expansion of saline land worldwide, it is essential to establish a model halophyte to study the salt‐tolerance mechanism. The salt glands in the epidermis of Limonium bicolor (a recretohalophyte) play a pivotal role in salt tolerance by secreting excess salts from tissues. Despite the importance of salt secretion, nothing is known about the molecular mechanisms of salt gland development. In this study, we applied RNA sequencing to profile early leaf development using five distinct developmental stages, which were quantified by successive collections of the first true leaves of L. bicolor with precise spatial and temporal resolution. Specific gene expression patterns were identified for each developmental stage. In particular, we found that genes controlling salt gland differentiation in L. bicolor may evolve in a trichome formation, which was also confirmed by mutants with increased salt gland densities. Genes involved in the special ultrastructure of salt glands were also elucidated. Twenty‐six genes were proposed to participate in salt gland differentiation. Our dataset sheds light on the molecular processes underpinning salt gland development and thus represents a first step towards the bioengineering of active salt‐secretion capacity in crops.