绿粘帚霉菌株发酵液抗真菌活性及稳定性测定

采用杯碟法测定绿粘帚霉（RCEF4099）菌株的发酵液对8种植物病原真菌的抗菌活性。结果表明RCEF4099菌株发酵液对5种供试病原真菌的抑菌圈直径在18mm以上。对菌株发酵液的稳定性测定结果表明菌株转接6代之前,活性稳定,从第7代开始其活性缓慢降低,第10代的抑菌圈直径仅比出发菌株减少了1．7mm。RCEF4099菌株发酵液有较好的热稳定性,发酵液加热到60％仍有较高活性。该菌株的发酵液对酸的稳定性较好,抑菌活性最强的pH值为4。     

神经酰胺与细胞凋亡

在多细胞有机体中,凋亡对正常组织的发育和稳态是必需的。神经酰胺（ceramide,Cer）作为一种脂类分子,不仅是细胞膜的重要组成部分,而且是重要的凋亡参与者。在细胞膜上,它能够自发地聚集,形成招募死亡受体和配体的结构域从而促进信号的传导和放大;在细胞质中,它作为信号通路的中介者,通过许多不同的分子机制去调控机体的凋亡通路;在细胞核膜和核内,通过其代谢变化,决定细胞的增殖或凋亡;而且它的浓度和位置以及与其它分子的比例及其相互作用都会影响到细胞和组织的命运。综述了近来关于Cer及其代谢物的凋亡作用。     

部分桂花品种亲缘关系及特有标记的ISSR分析

利用ISSR分子标记,以柊树[Osmanthus heterophyllus (G.Don.) P.S.Green]和华东木犀(Osmanthus cooperi Hemsl.)为对照种,研究了桂花(Osmanthus fragrans Lour.)81个品种、1个野生种之间的亲缘关系.结果显示;(1)28个引物共获得280个位点,其中多态性位点263个,多态性比率达93.93%,在4个品种群中,银桂品种群的Shannon信息指数(0.370 7)和遗传多样性指数(0.241 7)最高.(2)遗传变异估算结果显示:桂花遗传分化系数为57.39 %,大部分变异存在于品种群之间.(3)聚类分析结果显示,以遗传相似系数0.71为截值,可将84份种质分成 4类,各品种群的品种往往先聚在一起.其中四季桂品种群与秋季开花的3个品种群遗传距离较远,色质较深的金桂品种往往与丹桂品种聚在一起.研究表明,基于ISSR分子标记的聚类结果与基于形态的传统分类学的结果基本相符;引物ISSR12和ISSR27结合可以将84份种质区别开来.     

太湖地区湿沉降中氮磷输入量 ——以常熟生态站为例

2003年6月—2004年5月,在中国科学院常熟生态站(31°32′45″ N ,120°41′57″ E)连续定位收集降雨,分析其中颗粒态和溶解态氮磷浓度,并对期间太湖地区氮磷湿沉降动态进行研究.结果表明：湿沉降氮输入量的季节变化显著,夏、春季高,秋、冬季低;湿沉降输入氮中88.2%为溶解氮（dissolved itrogen,DN）,11.8%为颗粒氮（particle nitrogen,PN）;湿沉降输入磷中溶解磷（dissolved phosphorus,DP）和颗粒磷（particle phosphorus,PP）比例分别为53.3%和46.7%;中、小雨携带的总氮（total nitrogen,TN）、总磷（total phosphorus,TP）污染物通量大于大、暴雨;太湖地区每年湿沉降输入TN、TP分别为30.2 kg·hm^-2和1.1 kg·hm^-2,且所有降雨中DN浓度均大于水体富营养化阈值,92.5%的降雨中DP大于水体富营养化阈值.     

Description of the Rare Marine Ciliate, Uronychia multicirrus Song, 1997 (Ciliophora; Euplotida) based on Morphology, Morphogenesis and SS rRNA Gene Sequence

ABSTRACT. A population of the marine euplotid ciliate, Uronychia multicirru s Song 1997 , found in the littoral zone of the Daya Bay, Guangdong, South China, was investigated using live observation and protargol impregnation method. This species is diagnosed by possessing a long row of ventral cirri, which has never been seen in all other known congeners. Divisional process, described based on protargol-impregnated specimens, is typical of the genus regarding its general pattern: (1) the oral primordia in both proter and opisthe develop de novo in two subcortical pouches, while the UM-anlage forms de novo (i.e. does not develop from the oral primordium); (2) five frontoventral-transverse (FVT)-cirral anlagen develop in a primary-mode on the cell surface, and almost all the cirri are derived from the FVT-anlagen, except the first frontal cirri, which are formed de novo in both dividers; (3) the species characteristic ventral row derives from the right-most FVT-anlage; (4) the parental structures do not take part in the construction of the marginal anlagen, and (5) the caudal cirri originate in the right-most two dorsal kineties in a multi-segmentation mode. The small subunit rRNA gene of U. multicirrus (GenBank accession number: EU267929) is 1,773 bp and differs by 0.9–1.41% from its closely related congeners.     

Karyotypes in Leucadendron (Proteaceae): evidence of the primitiveness of the genus

Karyotypes of 27 species in Leucadendron are analysed for the first time. New chromosome counts are reported for 15 species, with 2 n  = 26 occurring in all of them. Karyotype analysis indicated that chromosomes of Leucadendron taxa are small in size and have predominantly median to submedian centromeres. The mean sizes of somatic metaphase chromosomes ranged from 1.05 to 2.65 µm. Based on Stebbins' karyotype classification, 1A type was found in L. galpinii , L. muirii , L. orientale , L. platyspermum , L. rubrum , and L. salignum ; 2A type in L. conicum , L. flexuosum , L. laureolum , L. meridianum , L. salicifolium , L. stelligerum , and L. teretifolium ; and 2B type in L. argenteum , L. chamelaea , L. discolor , L. elimense , L. eucalyptifolium , L. floridum , L. gandogeri , L. linifolium , L. loeriense , L. macowanii , L. procerum , L. spissifolium , L. strobilinum , and L. tinctum . These types are the three most symmetrical karyotypes and are considered to be primitive.  © 2006 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2006, 151 , 387–394.     

动物病毒诱导的细胞凋亡及其生理意义

细胞凋亡是指细胞受到内外信号刺激时发生的一种由细胞内部基因控制的主动性死亡行为,是细胞内在的机制,也是决定生物个体发育和组织平衡的一个重要机制,对于抵御外界各种因素干扰起着非常关键的作用。它呈现一系列典型的生化和形态学特征,如染色质凝集、趋边化以及凋亡小体(ap     

河西走廊中部两种荒漠植物根系构型特征

在河西走廊中部,采用挖掘法挖取红砂和白刺根系,应用拓扑学与分形理论分析了根系构型的特征.结果表明: 2种荒漠植物根系的拓扑指数均较小,根系分支模式均近似为叉状分支结构.红砂和白刺根系具有较好的分形特征,其分形维数分别为(1.18±0.04)和(1.36±0.06);分形维数、分形丰度与根系平均连接长度均呈显著正相关.2种荒漠植物根系的平均连接长度均较大,以扩大植物的有效营养空间,从而适应干旱贫瘠的土壤环境.2种荒漠植物根系分支前的横截面积等于根系分支后的横截面积之和,验证了Leonardo da Vinci法则.对17个根系构型参数进行主成分分析,根系拓扑指数、根系连接数量、逐步分支率和根系直径4个根系构型参数能很好地表示2种荒漠植物根系构型特征.     

Evolutionary divergence of the APETALA1 and CAULIFLOWER proteins

Abstract APETALA1 (AP1) and CAULIFLOWER (CAL) are a pair of paralogous genes that were generated through the pre‐Brassicaceae whole‐genome duplication event. AP1 and CAL have both partially redundant and unique functions. Previous studies have shown that the K and C regions of their proteins are essential for the functional divergence. However, which differences in these regions are the major contributors and how the differences were accumulated remain unknown. In the present study, we compared the sequences of the two proteins and identified five gaps and 55 amino acid replacements between them. Investigation of genomic sequences further indicated that the differences in the proteins were caused by non‐synonymous substitutions and changes in exon–intron structures. Reconstruction of three‐dimensional structures revealed that the sequence divergence of AP1 and CAL has resulted in differences between the two in terms of the number, length, position and orientation of α‐helices, especially in the K and C regions. Comparisons of sequences and three‐dimensional structures of ancestral proteins with AP1 and CAL suggest that the ancestral AP1 protein experienced fewer changes, whereas the ancestral CAL protein accumulated more changes shortly after gene duplication, relative to their common ancestor. Thereafter, AP1‐like proteins experienced few mutations, whereas CAL‐like proteins were not conserved until the diversification of the Brassicaceae lineage I. This indicates that AP1‐ and CAL‐like proteins evolved asymmetrically after gene duplication. These findings provide new insights into the functional divergence of AP1 and CAL genes.     

靶向抑制铜伴侣蛋白CCS逆转卵巢癌C13*细胞的顺铂耐药性

顺铂（cisplatin）,即二胺二氯铂/diaminedichloroplatinum（DDP）,是治疗卵巢癌最有效的化疗药物;然而,耐药性是限制顺铂临床治疗效果的最重要因素。目前,卵巢癌对顺铂的耐药机制仍不十分清楚。超氧化物歧化酶1铜伴侣蛋白（copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase 1, CCS）介导Cu2+特异性传递给超氧化物歧化酶1（superoxide dismutase1, SOD1）,为维持细胞增殖和生存所必需;相反,抑制CCS可减缓肿瘤细胞增殖。本研究旨在证明,AMPK依赖的CCS表达与卵巢癌的顺铂耐药有关。实时定量PCR及免疫印迹结果显示,与顺铂敏感细胞株OV2008比较,顺铂耐药细胞株C13*中的CCS mRNA和蛋白质表达水平明显上调。shRNA靶向沉默CCS或采用抑制剂DC_AC50抑制CCS后,可明显增强顺铂对C13*细胞增殖的抑制作用,提示CCS高表达与顺铂耐药相关,而抑制CCS可逆转顺铂的耐药性。同样,免疫印迹结果证明,CCS在A549、H1944等6种不同肺癌细胞中的表达水平高低与顺铂敏感性密切相关。采用siRNA干扰CCS在A549细胞中的高表达,或在CCS低表达的H1944细胞中过表达CCS,可明显增加A549或减弱H1944细胞对顺铂的敏感性,进一步证明CCS表达与顺铂耐药性相关。此外,采用AMPK抑制剂化合物C阻断AMPKα Thr172磷酸化（激活）,即抑制AMPK信号通路,可明显抑制CCS在C13*细胞中的表达,提高其对顺铂的敏感性。以上研究结果提示,AMPK信号通路依赖的CCS表达参与肿瘤的顺铂耐药机制,而抑制CCS逆转顺铂耐药。本文的结果还提示,CCS有望成为克服顺铂耐药的潜在靶点。