上尿路腔内手术中降低肾盂压力机制与方法的研究进展

1983年,Wickham教授首先提出微创外科(minimally invasive surgery),此后,微创泌尿外科逐渐成外具有科学意义上的微创外科学的一个重要的分支学科。上尿路的腔内手术,包括PNL(Percutaneous nephrolithotomy)、URS(Ureteroscopic)、f-URS(Flexible ureteroscope)等。与传统手术相比,上尿路的腔内手术具有创伤小、时间短、恢复快、并发症少,并且可以直视下进行手术操作,临床应用较广泛。在腔内操作时,为保证术中手术视野的清晰度,手术多采用生理盐水(NS)进行灌注,进而导致肾盂压力升高,引起各项潜在的危害。因此如何在上尿路腔内手术中降低肾盂压力成为一个研究的热点。近些年,腔内器械的改进,包括镜体灌注通道入路与出路的分开设计、回流鞘的设计、压力泵的改进,在一定程度上降低了肾盂压力。灌注液体中加入相应浓度的药物,抑制上尿路平滑肌的蠕动与收缩,也在一定程度上降低了肾盂压力。本文介绍了上尿路腔内手术中肾盂压力的影响因素,回顾了肾盂压力升高后的危害,分析了肾盂压力升高机制,总结了肾盂压力降低的各种方案以及将来的应用前景。     

自然干燥紫萼藓总RNA提取方法

介绍一种适合富含酚类、萜类等次生物质的干燥紫萼藓的总RNA的提取方法—SDS/酸酚法。采用SDS做为去污剂,用水饱和酚、氯仿和异戊醇进行抽提以去除蛋白、酚类等次生物质,醋酸钾和无水乙醇去除多糖等物质,最后LiCl沉淀获得总RNA。该方法不但获得了完整性好和纯度高的RNA,而且操作简单,成本也较低,对其他富含酚类、萜类等次生物质的干燥植物组织的总RNA的提取具有借鉴意义。     

83 例肝包虫外囊完整剥除术的临床分析

目的:评价外囊完整剥除术治疗肝包虫病的临床疗效。方法:将226例接受手术治疗的肝脏囊性包虫病患者分为两组:143例行内囊摘除术,83例行外囊完整剥除术,比较两组临床疗效及预后。结果:全囊摘除组的术后住院时间、带管时间、术后并发症及复发率均明显少于内囊摘除组(P均<0.05)。结论:外囊完整剥除术是一种安全、方便、损伤小的根治性术式,有利于降低包虫复发和胆瘘等并发症,关键在选择适应征及正确认知和处理包虫外囊周围管道。     

沼渣对土壤酶活性的影响

通过在种植茄子0～100d内,不施有机肥（CK）与加入沼渣的对比试验中,研究土壤中有机质和土壤酶活性的变化情况。结果表明：施用沼渣的土壤总有机质呈上升趋势,比对照提高61.7%。不施有机肥的土壤（CK）活性有机质含量呈现下降趋势,当茄子生长到100d时,土壤活性有机质比初始降低了8.8%。施用沼渣的土壤中脲酶、转化酶和脱氢酶活性最高。相关性分析显示,脲酶、转化酶和脱氢酶活性与土壤有机质呈显著相关。用沼渣作有机肥能有效提高土壤有机质含量和土壤酶活性。     

北京油鸡ADSL基因的克隆、表达及其结构与功能分析

采用RT-PCR与RACE方法扩增出北京油鸡腺苷酸琥珀酸裂解酶(ADSL)基因全长cDNA序列,亚克隆和序列分析结果表明:该基因开放阅读框长为1455个碱基,编码485个氨基酸;5'端非转录调控区具有典型管家基因的特征,在临近起始密码子27号碱基发生C→T突变,该突变使得本来小是核呼吸因子2(NRF-2)结合位点的CTCC突变为NRF-2结合位点CTTC.将ADSL基因完整斤放阅读框重组至融合表达载体pGEX-4T-l中,构建成北京油鸡ADSL基因融合表达载体pOEX-ADSL,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),筛选阳性克隆,IPTG诱导表达.经SDS-PAGE电泳显示重组融合蛋白在约80.5kD处有特异蛋白条带出现,与预期分子量大小一致,等电点为6.79.该蛋白的表达最随诱导时间的延长而增加,5h达最高值,达到细胞总蛋白的26.9%,且主要以不可溶的包涵体形式存在,经优化表达条件,成功地获得了可溶性的融合蛋白,经Glutathione Sepharase 4B凝胶纯化后Western blotting检测表明其为北京油鸡ADSL蛋白,为其进一步的生物学功能及其应用研究鉴定基础.     

东北地区部分大型藓类植物遗传多样性的RAPD研究

采用RAPD标记构建了东北地区20种大型藓类植物的系统关系。从200个随机引物中筛选出清晰且多态性高的7个引物,共产生了82条DNA片段,其中79条谱带具有遗传多态性,约占96.34%,平均每个引物扩增的DNA片段数为11.71条。采用NTSYS-pc数据分析软件,计算Nei氏相似性系数,建立了UPGMA聚类图。结果表明：以遗传相似性系数0.27为界限划分,可将20种苔藓植物分为二大类,即泥炭藓类和真藓类。以遗传相似性系数0.42为界限划分,可将20种苔藓植物划分为四大类群,即泥炭藓类、顶蒴单齿亚类、顶蒴双齿亚类和侧蒴双齿类。从整个聚类图可以看出,泥炭藓类是较原始的类群,而金发藓类是较进化的类群,这一结果和大多数苔藓植物经典分类系统相同。     

中国产异蒴藓属（Lyellia）植物形态解剖比较观察

利用扫描电镜法、徒手切片法对中国产的2种异蒴藓进行观察分析。分别观察了孢子大小、颜色、叶片和茎的长度和宽度等。结果表明异蒴藓属植物叶片的一些形态学和解剖学性状表现出了金发藓科植物所共有的特征,异蒴藓属在金发藓科中气孔较明显属于进化性状,而孢壁纹饰则属于原始性状。     

Secretory expression of E2 main antigen domain of CSFV C strain and the establishment of indirect ELISA assay

The sequence encoding an E2 main antigen glycoprotein of the C strain of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) was highly expressed in the host cell E. coli BL21-CodonPlus (DE3)-RIL using the pGEX-4T-1 expression vector and the soluble recombinant product was purified with Glutathione Sepharose TM<'4B> by centrifugation. The soluble recombinant protein showed good immune reactions and was confirmed by Western blot using anti-CSFV-specific antibodies. Then an indirect ELISA with the purified E2 protein as the coating antigen was established to detect antibody against CSFV. The result revealed that the optimal concentration of coated antigen was 0.6 μg/well and the optimal dilution of serum was 1:80. The positive cut-off value of this ELISA assay was OD<,tested serum>/OD<,negative serum>≥2.1- The E2-ELISA method was evaluated by comparison with the indirect hemagglutination test (IHAT). When a total of 100 field serum samples were tested the sensitivity and specificity were 90.3% and 94.7% respectively. Specificity analysis showed that there were no cross-reactions between BVD serum and the purified E2 protein in the E2-ELISA.     

EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON CERTAIN POPULATION PARAMETERS OF LIRIOMYZA SATIVAE BLAN-CHARD (DIPTERA: AGROMYZIDAE)

Abstract  Effects of temperature on population parameters and the intrinsic rate of natural increase of the leafminer, Liriomyza sativae Blanchard, were studied at constant temperatures, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 3593 80% RH and a photoperiod of 12 :12 (L:D) in the laboratory with Phaseolus vulgaris as the host plant. Developmental time of the immature stage decreased from 38 d at 15C to lld at 35⁹3 Regression equations relating temperature ( t ) to development rates ( y ) for egg, larval and pupal stages, were y = 1.7862t - 13.841, y = 1.162 t - 4.946 and y = 0.634 t - 5.146, respectively. Longevity of female adult decreased from 20 d at 15°C to 9 d with temperature up to 35C The most favorable temperature range for reproduction was 20°C - 30^oC in which the fecundity ranged from 158 to 282 eggs per female. The lowest total mortality was 9% at 25^oC and the highest was 49% at 35 93 High intrinsic rate of natural increase ( r_m ) was 0.27 and high net reproductive rate ( R₀ ) was 116.8 at temperature range between 25 t and 30 t indicating that this range was optimal for population growth and that population density might increase 117 times per generation under this temperature condition. Mean generation time (T) and time for population to double (t) decreased as temperature increased, showing a negative linear trend with temperature. The relationship between finite rate of increase (A) and temperature, however, was a positive linear regression.     

Establishment of Transfer Functions of the Pollen-Climatic Factors in Northern China and the Quantitative Climatic Reconstruction at DJ Core

The 2.4 meter-long core was extracted from the Diaojiao lake (41º18′N, 112º21′E) at the foot of the northern part of Daqingshan Mts. Pollen analysis from collections subsampled in the laboratory at 2 cm intervals, revealed plentiful pollen and spores from over 10 arboreal genera, including Pinus, Betula, Picea, Abies, Carpinus, Quercus, Ulmus and more than 20 non-arboreal genera, mainly of Artemisia, Labiatae, Nitraria, Polygonaceae, Ranunculus, Thalictrum, Umbel- liferae, Caryophyllaceae and Cyperaceae. Fern spores, aquatic pollen and algae were also observed in some parts of the core. The transfer functions were established by the stepwise regression analysis using the climatic factors and 13 pollen taxa. The different Fl and F2 value were used as the thresh- old value of F test (i. e. used for selecting and deleting factors). Each regressed equation was obtained from 70 times of calculations with a step-wise increase of 0.1 for Fl and F2 and those having the smallest regression deviation and the largest multiple correlation coefficient were the final four transfer functions. Substituting the pre-factor obtained from the stratigraphic sampled into the regression equations, the estimates of temperature and precipitation in January and in July, and annual mean temperature values could be calculated. Some climatic stages were inferred from total pollen influx and pollen percentage from the core using a transfer function: humid-cool (from 10 000 to 7 800 a BP), arid-cold (9 200 to 7 900 a BP), arid-warm (7 900 to 7 100 a BP), humid-warm (7 100 to 4 400 a BP), arid-warm (4 400 to 3 000 a BP), arid-cold (3 000 to 2 100 a BP). The highest annual mean temperature during Holocene was ca. 4 ℃ higher and the lowest was ca. 2 ℃ lower than the present temperature. Annual precipitation was 250 mm higher and 300 mm lower than the present.