不同含湿率及加载条件对人皮质骨纳米压痕测试的影响

目的:探讨不同含湿率及加载条件对人皮质骨纳米压痕测试的影响。方法:采用美国Hysitron纳米压痕仪,设定不同加载模式(高峰载荷分别为300、400、500 nm;加载速度分别为6、8、10 nm/s)对不同含湿率(20‰、30‰、40‰、50‰、60‰)人皮质骨进行弹性模量及硬度测量。结果:在同一加载模式下,不同含湿率标本的测试值随着含湿率增高,弹性模量及硬度值均显著降低(P0.01);三种不同加载模式对含湿率为20‰标本测试值无明显变化;对含湿率60‰标本测试值有显著性影响(P0.02)。结论:纳米压痕仪测试骨微观力学特性时,测试值不仅受标本本身含湿率的影响,当测试条件改变,对湿润标本测试结果也完全不同。当使用纳米压痕技术时,通常采用脱水包埋处理的标本测试出的机械性能,对我们在微观层面认识人体骨在湿润的生理环境下的机械性能是不够全面的。     

中药外用治疗直肠癌术后放化疗后局部复发的探索

直肠癌术后、放化疗后局部复发患者主要采用放射治疗、化疗以及中医中药等多学科、多层次、多方位的综合治疗。患者大多经过多程治疗后复发,体质较差,甚至有明显的恶病质,对这类患者进行大剂量放、化疗或对产生耐药的患者再次进行放疗或者化疗,只能使虚弱的生命更加垂危,加速患者死亡,中医药治疗在此阶段优势凸显出来。中医药外用治疗以扶正祛邪为法则,攻补兼施,达到改善生活质量的作用,所以在直肠癌术后放化疗后局部复发的治疗方法中,中医药外用治疗值得进一步研究探索。     

氟西汀联合同步放化疗治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床观察

目的：观察氟西汀联合同步放化疗治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌（none small cells lung carcinoma,NSCLC）的临床疗效及其安全性。方法：选择2010年10月～2011年4月我院收治的III期不能手术的NSCLC患者47例,根据患者的入院顺序,随机分为两组,同步放化疗组（对照组）22例,接受三维适形或调强放疗：肿瘤处方剂量60~66Gy,常规分割：1．8～2．0Gy／次;放疗期间同步两周期“紫杉醇＋顺铂”方案化疗,放疗后再原方案巩固化疗2--3个周期;氟西汀联合治疗组（实验组）25例,从同步放化疗开始起同时服用氟西汀（20-40mg／day）,持续服药半年。随访至1年,观察和评价两组的疗效以及不良反应的发生情况。结果：对照组与实验组的客观有效率分别为77-3％（17／22）和80％（20／25）（P〉0．05）;1年生存率分别为68．2％（15／22）和80％（20／25）（P〉0．05）;1年局控率分别为45．5％（10／22）和76％（19／25）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。治疗后,实验组患者CD＋／CD8＋比率由1．34±0．23升至1．58±0．22（P〈0．05）,而汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）总分由13．4±4．8降至9．6±3（P〈0．05）;全组患者主要不良反应为骨髓抑制、消化道反应、放射性食管炎和放射性肺炎,来发生4级不良反应,两组3级不良反应发生率无明显差异（P〉0．05）。结论：对于不能手术的局部晚期NSCLC患者,在同步放化疗的基础上联合氟西汀治疗可以提高肿瘤的1年局控率,促进抗肿瘤免疫,并缓解患者的抑郁情绪,且不加重不良反应。     

Cloning, sequencing and function ofsanA, a gene involved in nikkomycin biosynthesis ofStreptomyces ansochromogenes

Several genetically stable mutants blocked in nikkomycin biosynthesis were obtained after the slightly germinated spores of Streptomyces ansochromogenes, a nikkomycin producer, were treated with ultra violet radiation. One of the mutants is the same in morpholotical differentiation as the wild type strain and is designated as NBB19. A DMA library was constructed using plasmid plJ702 as cloning vector, NBB19 as cloning recipient. A 6 kb DNA fragment which can genetically complement NBB19 was cloned when screening the library for antifungal activity. Sequence analysis showed that the 3 kb Bgl II-Sal I fragment contains one complete ORF (ORF1) and one partial ORF (ORF2). ORF1 is designated as sanA. sanA is 1 365 bp, encoding a protein consisting of 454 amino acid residues. Database searching indicated that sanA is homologous to the hypothetical methyltransferase in Pyrococcus horikoshli with 25% identities and 41% positives. Disruptant of sanA lost the ability to synthesize nikkomycin. It indicated that sa     

尼可霉素(Nikkomycins)多组分结构及其生物合成相关基因的研究进展

尼可霉素是一种新的抗真菌抗生素,在分离到的20多种活性单组分中,X、Z、I、J为主要生物活性组分。本文介绍了尼可霉素的结构,结构与活性的关系及其生物合成途径中有关基因的研究进展。     

鼎湖山季风常绿阔叶林小气候特征分析

阐述了鼎湖山季风常绿阔叶林小气候特征与空旷地的差异 ,并分析了这些差异产生的原因。结果表明 :季风常绿阔叶林冠层顶部的太阳总辐射量年平均为 3488.8MJ·m- 2 ,由辐射强度和辐射总量计算出的反射率分别为 1 0 .5%、1 1 .4% ,年平均气温为 1 9.9℃ ,此 3项都比空旷地低 ,而年平均相对湿度高于空旷地 ,其值为 87% ;季风常绿阔叶林年蒸散力为987.50 mm,湿润指数为 0 .96;季风常绿阔叶林土壤表层温度日变化不及空旷地显著 ;无论是季风常绿阔叶林 ,还是空旷地 ,土壤温度在春、夏季节自上而下逐步降低 ,在秋、冬季节自上而下逐步升高。     

东灵山地区脊椎动物对辽东栎坚果捕食的时空格局

在北京东灵山地区,选择３种不同森林类型,于辽东栎（Ｑｕｅｒｃｕｓ ｌｉａｏｔｕｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ Ｋｏｉｄｚ．）坚果下落高峰期和坚果自然下落后,对坚果逃逸脊椎动物捕食的存活时间进行调查。森林类型、坚果下落时期以及森林类型和坚果下落的交互作用对坚果的生存时间都有显著影响。在辽东栎坚果下落高峰期和坚果自然下落后,华北落叶松（Ｌａｒｉｘ ｐｒｉｎｃｉｐｉｓ－ｒｕｐｐｒｅｃｈｔｉｉ Ｍａｙｒ．）林和油松（Ｐｉ     

Intercellular protein-protein interactions at synapses

Chemical synapses are asymmetric intercellular junctions through which neurons send nerve impulses to communicate with other neurons or excitable cells. The appropriate formation of synapses, both spatially and temporally, is essential for brain function and depends on the intercellular protein-protein interactions of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) at synaptic clefts. The CAM proteins link pre- and post-synaptic sites, and play essential roles in promoting synapse formation and maturation, maintaining synapse number and type, accumulating neurotransmitter receptors and ion channels, controlling neuronal differentiation, and even regulating synaptic plasticity directly. Alteration of the interactions of CAMs leads to structural and functional impairments, which results in many neurological disorders, such as autism, Alzheimer’s disease and schizophrenia. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the functions of CAMs during development and in the mature neural system, as well as in the pathogenesis of some neurological disorders. Here, we review the function of the major classes of CAMs, and how dysfunction of CAMs relates to several neurological disorders.     

Enzymatic esterification between n-alcohol homologs and n-caprylic acid in non-aqueous medium under microwave irradiation

The enzymatic esterification between n-alcohol homologs and n-caprylic acid catalyzed by lipozyme RM IM (LRI) in microwave field was investigated. Some interesting findings were obtained. The optimum reaction temperature slightly shifted from that in enzymatic esterification by conventional heating. n-Alcohol homologs used in this experiment showed substrate specificity in terms of the odd and even carbon numbers. THF expressed abnormal solvent effect. Whereas in the contrastive enzymatic esterification by conventional heating, the above mentioned substrate specificity and solvent effect were not observed. All the above phenomena could be explained by both thermal and non-thermal effect of microwave on enzyme and substrates. Further investigation revealed that microwave irradiation reduced the apparent activation energy of the enzymatic reaction according to Arrhenius equation, which is considered as one of the causes increasing initial reaction rate.     

Photosynthetic efficiency and nitrogen distribution under different nitrogen management and relationship with physiological N-use efficiency in three rice genotypes

Nitrogen fertilization strategies were widely adopted to enhance grain production and improve nitrogen utilization in rice all over the world. For fertilization timing strategy, ear fertilization was usually employed in recent years. For fertilization amount strategy, nitrogen fertilization would continually increase to meet the demands of increasing people for food. However, under heavy ear fertilization as well as great nitrogen amount (NA), physiological N-use efficiency (PE, defined as grain production per unit nitrogen uptake by plants) decreased. Under three NA and two ratios of fertilization given during ear development period to total NA (ear fertilization distribution ratio, EFDR), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), Pn to nitrogen content per unit area (photosynthetic N-use efficiency, Pn/N), nitrogen accumulation in plant tissues and PE of three rice (Oryza sativaL.) genotypes, Jinyou 253, Liangyoupeijiu and Baguixiang were screened in the first and second seasons in 2002 so as to understand the fluctuation patterns of Pn/N and nitrogen distribution in leaf blades under great NA & EFDR and relationship with PE in rice. Results showed that under greater NA & EFDR, Pn in flag leaves at heading and plant nitrogen accumulation at maturity always increased and PE & Pn/N always decreased in spite of increased grain production. Rice distributed more nitrogen in leaf blade under greater NA and EFDR. PE indicated significantly (P<0.05) positive relationship with Pn/N and negative relationship with nitrogen distribution ratio in leaf blades at heading and maturity, and no association with Pn in two growing seasons. Results suggested that low PE in rice under great NA and heavy ear fertilization is associated to more nitrogen distribution in leaf blades and decreases in photosynthetic efficiency.