<i>Trichoderma</i> spp. fostering growth on <i>Capsicum chinense</i> Jacq. seedlings and antagonistic against <i>Meloidogyne incognita</i>

Fourteen native strains of Trichoderma spp. from wildand agricultural pathosystems in the state of Yucatan, Mexico, with growth-promoting ability of Capsicum chinense Jacq. seedlings were evaluated and antagonistic effect of their filtrate against second-stage juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne incognita. The strains Th05-02 and Th27-08 showed the best significant effects on plant hight variable increments 55.57 and 47.62%, theTh07-04 with 29.48% more root length, theTh02-01 and Th07-04 isolates increased from 48.71 to 84.61% in volume radical and 53.40% of total dry biomass. Statistical analysis (p≤0.001) of Th43 and Th43-13-14 filtrates caused 100% mortality at 24 and 48h. In the test of reversibility to 24 h after replacing the filtrates Th43-13, Th43-14, TH09-06 and TH20-07 by sterile distilled water, the J2 did not recover their viability, so they were considered as the best potential strains of Trichoderma spp. with antagonistic capacity in J2 of M.incognita.     

A systematic study of Phytalmia (Diptera, Tephritidae) with description of a new genus

The tribe Phytalmiini is defined to include the genera Phytalmia Gerstaecker, Diplochorda Osten Sacken (=Nesadrama Perkins syn.n.) and Sessilina gen.n. (type-species Dacus nigrilinea Walker), with Ortaloptera Edwards as an outlying member; a key is provided to these genera. The tribe is nearly restricted to the Papuan Subregion; the record of Nesadrama petiolata Hardy from the Philippine Islands is questioned, and this species is synonymized with Diplochorda myrmex Osten Sacken syn.n. Nesadrama longistigma Perkins is a synonym of D.turgida (Walker) syn.n. Keys are provided to the six species of Phytalmia: alcicornis (Saunders), antilocapra sp.n., biarmata Malloch, cervicornis Gerstaecker (=prisca Enderlein syn.n.), megalotis Gerstaecker (= wallacei Saunders syn.n.), mouldsi sp.n.; also the three species of Sessilina, horrida sp.n., literata sp.n., nigrilinea (Walker). The enlarged cheek-processes may be greatly reduced in P.biarmata and cervicornis. The morphology of the internal reproduction system of mouldsi females is described.     

The floral anatomy of Victoria Schomb. (Nymphaeaceae)*

The vasculature and development of the flower of Victoria Schomb. are described. The vasculature is basically similar to that found in other genera of the Nymphaeaceae sensu stricto (e.g. Nymphaea L. and Nuphar Sm.). The early development of the flower is similar to that of a hypogynous flower, but meristematic activity shifts from the apex to the periphery in the form of an intercalary ring meristem. The innermost appendicular organs, including the gynoecium, arise by differentiation of tissues formed by this intercalary ring meristem. Evidence is assembled from the mature vasculature and developmental studies: (a) to refute Troll's interpretation that receptacular strips of tissue occur between the carpels and that the outer ovary wall is totally receptacular; (b) to propose that the occurrence of epeltate carpels in Victoria, as correctly described by Troll, has been phylogenetically ‘read’ in the wrong direction; (c) to propose that the flower of Victoria has evolved by (1) the adnation and connation of the proximal portions of the appendicular organs which now envelop the syncarpous gynoecium and (2) the concomitant condensation from a primitive ranalian floral apex.