人脐血血浆外泌体提取方法的比较北大核心CSCD

为探寻高效且稳定的提取人脐血血浆外泌体的方法,利用超高速离心法、蔗糖垫密度梯度离心法、改良超速离心法和聚乙二醇(polyethylene glycol, PEG)沉淀法提取人脐血血浆外泌体,并比较4种方法的优劣。利用透射电镜、动态光散射技术观察外泌体的形态、结构及大小;聚氰基丙烯酸正丁酯(bicinchoninic acid, BCA)法测定外泌体蛋白总量;Western blotting检测外泌体表面标志蛋白CD63、HSP70以及外泌体阴性蛋白GM130 (高尔基标志蛋白)的表达。结果表明,与提取外泌体的“金标准”,即超高速离心法相比,蔗糖垫密度梯度离心法稳定性好,获取的外泌体粒径较均一,但操作较复杂,耗时长;改良超速离心法操作较简单,纯度较高;PEG沉淀法提取的外泌体蛋白量最高,操作时间最短,但杂质较多。结果表明,4种方法均能从人脐血血浆中获取外泌体,但在操作时间、纯度、提取量等方面存在一定差异。因此,应根据实验目的和具体要求选择合适的提取人脐血血浆外泌体的方法。     

CRISPR/Cas9系统介导的棉花GhNAC3基因编辑

为创制棉花耐旱种质资源,解决棉花耐旱资源贫乏以及提高水资源利用率,研究依据CRISPR/Cas9编辑原理,对课题组前期利用RT-PCR技术筛选耐旱相关基因GhNAC3(Gh＿D02G0790)的第一外显子区域设计2个20 bp的编辑靶点,并在陆地棉基因组数据库中比对分析靶点序列,排除非特异性编辑,将2个靶点核苷酸片段分别与gRNA-AtU6载体连接,通过2次PCR扩增,得到含特异性连接接头的AtU6-GhNAC3表达盒,再将表达盒连接到CRISPR/Cas9(pRGEB32-7)载体上,获得CRISPR-GhNAC3重组表达载体,利用农杆菌介导法转化陆地棉受体YZ-1,再生培养得到T₀代转基因幼苗,通过PCR检测Cas9蛋白基因获得阳性株系。对T₀代植株的靶点区域序列进行PCR扩增和测序分析,鉴定GhNAC3编辑类型。结果发现,CRISPR9-GhNAC3表达载体成功转化YZ-1,并获得40株转基因再生植株,经Cas9蛋白基因鉴定得到30株阳性株系,从阳性植株选择10株进行编辑类型测序分析,发现7株在靶点区域发生编辑,编辑类型主要为碱基片段缺...     

“山水林田湖草沙生命共同体”耦合框架、模型与展望

“山水林田湖草沙生命共同体”系统保护与修复是我国生态文明建设的重要内容。明确生命共同体的耦合机制,是科学地进行生态保护和修复工作的关键。针对当前生命共同体耦合机制不清、理论和方法不健全的问题,从耦合的视角出发,在小流域尺度上单一生态系统内部生态要素的耦合、流域尺度上不同生态系统之间的耦合、区域尺度上人与自然的耦合三个方面进行整合,在此基础上探讨了多尺度山水林田湖草沙耦合理论,提出了一般性的山水林田湖草沙耦合理论框架。梳理并比较了当前主要的生态系统模型、景观模型、统计学模型以及复合生态系统的多模型耦合方法,综合提出了一个适用于"山水林田湖草沙生命共同体"耦合研究方法。对进一步完善山水林田湖草沙一体化保护修复提出了建议,包括：一是构建多源信息数据库,推进定量化耦合机制研究;二是开展全生命周期监测与评估,探索适应性治理路径;三是强化多元主体参与,完善协同保护机制。     

Estimation of survival rate and oviposition interval of Anopheles balabacensis mosquitoes from mark-recapture experiments in Sabah, Malaysia

An exophilic population of the vector mosquito Anopheles balabacensis Baisas was investigated in two mark-recapture studies (16.ix-13.x.1986 and 6-26.i.1987) at an inland, foothill village in Sabah, Malaysia. Wild female mosquitoes were intercepted as they came to feed on man or buffalo, given a bloodmeal, marked with fluorescent dust and released. The recapture rate was about 12%. A new method of analysis is proposed which uses cross-correlation and a time series model. The estimated survival per oviposition cycle was 0.48-0.54 and the oviposition cycle interval 2-3 days.     

泰山保护地生态资产价值评估

为进一步加强自然保护地生态资源的保护,促进区域更好地发挥其生态系统服务功能,进行生态资产价值衡量具有重要意义。实现对保护地生态资产及价值的评估,明确自然保护地的生态保护价值,可以为保护地生态功能定位以及生态环境的建设和保护提供重要的科学依据。泰山因其独特的地理位置和生态条件,有着丰富的自然生物资源,构成了独特的自然生态系统,具有重要的生态学研究价值。研究选取泰山保护地内的生态资产为研究对象,基于文献调研、观测与统计资料等相关数据,从物质量与价值量的角度进行模型运算,得到2017年泰山保护地生态资产价值为133908万元。研究结果表明泰山生态资产价值对维持当地可持续发展具有举足轻重的作用。本文构建的评估体系为我国生态资产价值的评估提供了一个相对全面的综合评估方案,为我国生态资产评估提供更为全面的科学依据与决策支持,也为环境产权、生态补偿等政策制定提供定量分析基础。     

Effect of sex and bright coloration on survival and predator‐induced wing damage in an aposematic lantern fly with startle display

1. Aposematic coloration in prey promotes its survival by conspicuously advertising unpalatability to predators. Although classical examples of aposematic signals involve constant presentation of a signal at a distance, some animals suddenly display warning colours only when they are attacked. 2. Characteristics of body parts suddenly displayed, such as conspicuous coloration or eyespot pattern, may increase the survival of the prey by startling the predator, and/or by signalling unpalatability to the predators at the moment of attack. 3. The adaptive value of such colour patterns suddenly displayed by unpalatable prey has not been studied. We experimentally blackened the red patch in the conspicuous red–white–black hindwing pattern displayed by an unpalatable insect Lycorma delicatula White (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) in response to predator's attack. 4. There was no evidence that the presence of the red patch increased prey survival over several weeks. We hypothesise that predators generalised from the red–white–black patches on the hindwings of unpalatable L. delicatula to any similar wing display as a signal of unpalatability. Because a higher proportion of males than females stay put at their resting sites, displaying their wings in response to repeated attacks by predators, wing damage was more frequent in males than in females. 5. To our knowledge, this is the first experimental test of an adaptive role of aposematic signals presented by unpalatable prey during sudden displays triggered by direct predatory attack.     

阿里食虱跳小蜂生物学特性及其应用研究进展

柑橘木虱Diaphorina citri Kuwayama是传播柑橘黄龙病病菌的重要媒介昆虫,对我国柑橘产业的健康发展造成了严重的威胁.阿里食虱跳小蜂Diaphorencyrtus aligarhensis(Shaffe,Alam and Agarwal)是柑橘木虱的一种优良内寄生蜂,在我国乃至世界多个国家均有分布,发挥着重要的生防作用.本文综述了阿里食虱跳小蜂分类地位、形态特征、地理分布、生长发育、生殖能力、寿命、寄生行为等生物学特性,以及人工繁育技术的研究与应用的最新研究进展,同时分析了目前其应用方面存在的问题,旨在为我国今后利用阿里食虱跳小蜂科学、高效和可持续防控柑橘木虱提供参考,不断推动我国柑橘产业健康、稳定和可持续发展.     

Non‐specific phospholipase C5 and diacylglycerol promote lateral root development under mild salt stress in Arabidopsis

Developing a robust root system is crucial to plant survival and competition for soil resources. Here we report that the non‐specific phospholipase C5 (NPC5) and its derived lipid mediator diacylglycerol (DAG) mediate lateral root (LR) development during salt stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. T‐DNA knockout mutant npc5‐1 produced few to no LR under mild NaCl stress, whereas overexpression of NPC5 increased LR number. Roots of npc5‐1 contained a lower level of DAG than wild type, whereas NPC5 overexpressor exhibited an increase in DAG level. Application of DAG, but not phosphatidic acid, fully restored LR growth of npc5‐1 to that of wild type under NaCl stress. NPC5 expression was significantly induced in Arabidopsis seedlings treated with NaCl. Npc5‐1 was less responsive to auxin‐mediated root growth than the wild type. These results indicate that NPC5 mediates LR development in response to salt stress and suggest that DAG functions as a lipid mediator in the stress signalling.