商代前期中原地区多品种农作物种植制度的初探：以河南新郑望京楼遗址为例

农业经济的发展是华夏文明形成的最重要的前提条件之一,郑洛地区作为夏商王朝建都和统治的核心区域,其农业经济发展状况一直是学术界研究的重点问题。相关研究表明,多品种农作物种植制度在龙山时期中原地区的出现,在华夏文明的形成过程中可能起到了至关重要的作用。为了探索这一种植制度在商代前期中原地区的具体实践情况,本文选取河南新郑望京楼遗址夏商时期（二里头文化和二里岗文化时期）29例先民肢骨和23例先民肋骨进行C、N稳定同位素分析。结果表明,先民骨胶原的δ¹³C值变化范围为-18.1‰~7.0‰,平均值为-9.5‰±2.1‰（n=52）,δ¹⁵N值变化范围为7.3‰~10.5‰,平均值为8.9‰±0.7‰（n=52）,先民仍以C₄类食物（粟黍）为主,但是也包含少量C₃类（水稻、小麦或大豆）食物,证明中原地区自龙山时代出现的多品种农作物种植制度,在商代得以延续,但是粟作农业的主导地位,始终未发生明显变化,这可能与中原地区长期以来的旱作农业经济模式习惯有关。     

人血清脂蛋白(a)中纤维蛋白溶酶原位点测定

用单克隆抗载脂蛋白(a)抗体为包被抗体,酶标抗纤维蛋白溶酶原(Pg)抗体为检测抗体建立了人血清脂蛋白(a)［Lp(a)］中Pg位点的酶联免疫吸附试验法.方法特异,测定范围为28～880 mg/L,变异系数批内为4%～6%,批间为7%～9%.检测了正常人、冠心病(CHD)和肾衰血透患者(CRF)血清Lp(a)、Lp(a)中Pg位点和Pg/Lp(a)比值.结果示正常人血清Lp(a)水平分别同Pg、Pg/Lp(a)呈正、负相关.CHD和CRF患者Lp(a)、Pg位点和Pg/Lp(a)比值明显高于正常人,认为Lp(a)中Pg位点测定对于动脉粥样硬化的病理生理研究具有特殊的价值.     

微流控芯片对乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231的捕获及再培养研究

目的:利用实验室构建的微流控芯片对乳腺癌细胞(MDA-MB-231)进行捕获,提高捕获率并保证细胞活性,实现再培养。抗肿瘤药物阿霉素处理正常培养和再培养的细胞,分析细胞内的基因表达变化。方法:对微流控芯片进行基底修饰,利用MUC1抗原与抗体特异性结合捕获肿瘤细胞,优化捕获条件提高捕获率。对微流控芯片捕获的细胞进行分离、收集和再培养。用1μmol/L阿霉素对正常培养和再培养的细胞分别孵育24h,然后提取RNA并逆转录合成c DNA。选择乳腺癌细胞中高表达及与肿瘤转移相关的基因FN1、ITGA6和LAMB3设计引物,以c DNA为模板分别进行RT-PCR扩增,对琼脂糖凝胶电泳结果进行灰度分析。结果:经MUC1抗体修饰的微流控芯片能有效地捕获肿瘤细胞,捕获率达80%±3%,释放率约98%,细胞释放后存活率高实现再培养。阿霉素对正常培养和再培养的乳腺癌细胞中FN1、ITGA6和LAMB3的基因表达均有抑制作用。结论:MUC1抗体修饰的微流控芯片能有效捕获乳腺癌细胞并实现再培养,捕获前后细胞内基因表达无显著差异,均能产生药物敏感性。     

大额牛产犊行为观察

采用直接观察法对大额牛(Bos frontalis)的产前离群与产后带犊归群、分娩等产犊行为进行了观察。结果表明,(1)野外观察17头临产母牛中,76.47%(13头)的个体在产前(11.23±7.14)d离开社群独行觅食,寻找分娩场所;分娩地点多选择在靠近溪河、地势较高、食物丰富、光照好、地面相对平坦的草地、林边或林中。母牛野外产犊后带犊归群的时间为产后(5.57±2.64)d。(2)在设围栏的人工草地上放牧条件下对6头母牛分娩行为观察表明,产前24～12 h母牛的警觉巡视行为明显增多;产前12～5h表现为烦燥不安和频繁爬跨;产前3～1 h领地行为明显,对分娩地点4～6 m2内长势较高的牧草等进行清理,为新生犊牛行动清除障碍;分娩时间为6:00～18:00时,其中在6:00～7:00时分娩的占66.67%(4/6);母牛从卧地进入分娩至犊牛产出期间起卧(7.00±6.00)次,从卧地到犊牛完全产出需(25.00±5.00)min,胎衣排出的时间为产后(5.64±1.80)h;犊牛(n=6,♂1+♀5)初生体重为(16.46±2.56)kg,母牛无难产现象;母牛对犊牛能及时舔饰,定时授乳和用心守护。犊牛从产出至第一次站稳需(52.70±29.69)min,第一次站稳到吮吸初乳需(38.7±29.14)min,第一次吃初乳到向周边活动需(61.33±1.53)min。     

同种异体骨移植治疗大段骨缺损的研究进展

同种异体骨已成为临床上治疗创伤、感染、先天性骨病及肿瘤切除所致的大段骨缺损的重要材料.本文主要从同种异体骨愈合机制、制备保存、临床应用效果、排斥反应及预防方法四个方面就同种异体骨移植治疗大段骨缺损的研究进展作一综述,为临床骨缺损治疗提供理论支持.     

Germination and emergence of Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. under changing environmental conditions in China

Laboratory and greenhouse studies were conducted to determine the effects of key environmental factors on germination and seedling emergence of the invasive weed Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. (common ragweed) collected from Mudanjiang (temperate climate), Nanjing (temperate–subtropical) and Nanchang (subtropical) in China. Germination of seeds occurred at temperatures ranging from 5 to 40°C, under both a 12‐h photoperiod and continuous darkness. Germination success exceeded 48% in solutions with pH values between 4 and 12, with maximum rates occurring in distilled water at pH 5.57. Germination was greatly reduced in solutions with osmotic potentials below ?0.8 MPa. Accordingly, the final germination ratio exceeded 69% at <200 mmol/L NaCl, but only reached 8% at 400 mmol/L NaCl. Emergence was greater than 75% at burial seed depths of 1–4 cm; no seedlings emerged from a soil depth of 8 cm. Seeds collected from Mudanjiang, Nanjing and Nanchang had very similar germination traits, with the main differences occurring in relation to temperature. The great germination success of common ragweed over highly variable conditions throughout its Chinese distribution range explains its successful large‐scale invasion.     

microRNA在人类免疫缺陷病毒感染中的作用

microRNA(miRNA)对调控基因表达有着重要作用,病毒与宿主在miRNA水平存在着复杂的"对话"。研究显示,人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)可能编码病毒miRNA(vmiRNA),通过维持病毒潜伏、保护感染细胞免于凋亡或外力刺激下的细胞死亡等方式,在HIV病理过程中发挥重要作用。宿主miRNA则参与到了抗HIV的防御性机制中,但也面临HIV调控相应宿主miRNA、编码RNA沉默抑制物等多种阻力。深入研究HIV与宿主间miRNA水平上的动态相互作用,有助于进一步了解HIV的致病机理,开发新的治疗策略。     

正交试验优化ELISA检测中TMB/HRP显色体系的研究

目的:建立ELISA显色体系的优化方法,优化TMB/HPR显色系统的反应参数.方法:首先采用单因素试验,研究显色体系中的缓冲溶液pH、TMB浓度、H<,2>O<,2>浓度、反应时间和温度对显色的影响,在此基础上,再进行5因素4水平的正交试验.结果:TMB/HRP体系的最佳工作条件:缓冲液pH为5.0,TMB浓度为2.5mg/ml,H<,2>O<,2>浓度为O.03%(V/V),反应温度为30～50℃,反应时间为10min.结论:优化的TMB/HRP最佳反应条件,可以满足一般反应的要求,所建立的TMB/HRP体系的优化方法也适用于其它ELISA显色系统的优化.     

Supernatant of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells induces peripheral blood mononuclear cells possessing mesenchymal features

Increasing evidence shows that some cells from peripheral blood fibroblast-like mononuclear cells have the capacity to differentiate into mesenchymal lineages. However, the insufficiency of these cells in the circulation challenges the cell isolation and subsequently limits the clinical application of these cells. In the present study, the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbMNCs) were isolated from wound animals and treated with the supernatant of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (bmMSCs). Results showed these pbMNCs were fibroblast-like, had stromal morphology, were negative for CD34 and CD45, but positive for Vimentin and Collagen I, and had the multipotency to differentiate into adipocytes and osteoblasts. We named these induced peripheral blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ipbMSCs). Skin grafts in combination with ipbMSCs and collagen I were applied for wound healing, and results revealed ipbMSC exhibited similar potency and effectiveness in the promotion of wound healing to the bmMSCs. Hereafter, we speculate that the mixture of growth factors and chemokines secreted by bmMSCs may play an important roles in the induction of the proliferation and mesenchymal differentiation of mononuclear cells. Our results are clinically relevant because it provide a new method for the acquisition of MSCs which can be used as a candidate for the wound repair.     

阿司匹林对体外培养骨髓基质细胞成骨性分化的影响

目的:探讨阿司匹林对骨髓基质细胞成骨性分化的影响。方法:培养SD大鼠骨髓基质细胞(BMSCs),传代3次后进行成骨诱导分化,诱导培养基中加入不同浓度阿司匹林(0.5、1、2、5、10mmol/L),同时设立对照组。采用cck-8法分析细胞增殖情况。比较阿司匹林组与对照组在细胞碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性、骨钙素(OC)分泌量、钙结节染色等方面的成骨性差异。结果:阿司匹林无促进细胞增殖活性,而高浓度阿司匹林能够强烈抑制细胞增殖。0.5、1、2mmol/L浓度阿司匹林可促进BMSCs的成骨性分化,中低浓度组碱性磷酸酶含量、骨钙素分泌量在不同阶段显著高于对照组。14天茜素红染色可见中低浓度组钙结节数量高于对照组。结论:中低浓度阿司匹林作用于骨髓基质细胞可促进其成骨细胞特性表达,这表明阿司匹林有促进骨代谢合成的作用。