Biogeographic diversification in Nolana （Solanaceae）, a ubiquitous member of the Atacama and Peruvian Deserts along the western coast of South America

The present paper reconstructs the biogeographic diversification for Nolana L.f. （Solanaceae）, a genus of 89 endemic species largely restricted to fog-dependent desert lomas formations of coastal Peru and Chile. Previous efforts have reconstructed a phylogenetic estimate for Nolana using a combination of molecular markers. Herein, we expand on those results to examine hypotheses of biogeographic origins and diversification patterns. Nolana occupies habitats within a continuous coastal desert and forms a terrestrial archipelago of discrete ＂islands＂ unique in size, topography, and species composition. Each locality contains at least one Nolana species and many contain multiple species in sympatry. The genus has a Chilean origin, with the basal clades confined to Chile with wide geographic and ecological distributions. Peru contains two strongly supported clades, suggesting two introductions with subsequent radiation. A Chilean clade of shrubby, small-flowered species appears to have had its origins from the same ancestors of the second line that radiated in Peru and northern Chile. Nolana galapagensis is endemic to the Islas Galapagos, with origins traced to Peruvian taxa with a divergence time of 0.35 mya. Rates of diversification over the past 4.02 mya in Nolana, in one of the driest habitats on Earth, suggest rapid adaptive radiation in several clades. Success in Nolana may be attributed to characters that confer a competitive advantage in unpredictable and water-dependent environments, such as succulent leaf anatomy and ecophysiology, and the reproductive mericarp unique to Nolana. The processes affecting or shaping the biota of western South America are discussed.     

平衡施肥及雨强对紫色土养分流失的影响

利用人工降雨装置模拟3种不同强度的降雨,采用模拟径流小区,研究了四川紫色丘陵区玉米净作条件下雨强及平衡施肥对土壤养分损失量及载体的影响.结果表明:雨强是影响地表径流量、径流总量及土壤侵蚀量的最主要因素.在小雨强条件下,无地表径流及土壤侵蚀发生;随着雨强的增大,地表径流量、径流总量及土壤侵蚀量都急剧增加.磷素和钾素流失总量也随雨强的增加而增加,而雨强对氮素流失的影响不大.在3种雨强条件下,3种施肥处理的氮素流失总量表现为:高氮施肥>农户习惯施肥>平衡施肥,平衡施肥能减少氮素流失,而高氮施肥增加氮素的流失.农户习惯施肥处理的磷流失总量和钾流失总量均高于平衡施肥和高氮施肥两种施钾处理,在紫色土坡耕地增施钾肥能减少磷、钾养分的流失.     

冠脉内注射替罗非班不同给药方式对急性心肌梗死介入治疗术中血流异常的影响

目的：比较急性心肌梗死介入治疗中冠脉内常规给予以及必要时给予血小板膜糖蛋白（GP）Ⅱb／Ⅲa受体拮抗剂替罗非班两种给药方式对冠脉血流异常的影响,寻找较好的替罗非班用药方式。方法：入选九四医院2005年1月至2008年10月急性心肌梗死直接PCI患者58例,随机分成常规给药组（血管开通前所有患者冠状动脉内均注射替罗非班,n=30）与必要时给药组（血管开通后即时造影显示TIMI血流≤2级者冠脉内注射替罗非班,TIMI血流3级者不给药,n=28）,观察支架植入后30分钟TIMI血流、30天内主要不良心血管事件（MACE）、出血以及血小板减少情况。结果：必要给药组冠脉内给药可显著改善冠脉血流（TIMI3级给药前46．4％,给药后75％,P〈0．05）,常规给药组支架植入后30分钟TIMI3级获得率高于必要给药组（96．7％比75％,P〈0．05）,MACE、出血和血小板减少事件两组之间差异无统计学意义。结论：冠脉内给予替罗非班可有效降低急性心肌梗死PCI术中血流异常情况,血管开通前冠脉内常规给药方式优于必要时给药方式。     

抗菌肽Bactenecin7重组质粒构建及其在乳酸菌的分泌表达和活性鉴定

构建抗菌肽Bactenecin7分泌表达载体,鉴定表达产物及检测其生物活性。采用重叠延伸PCR方法拼接合成Bactenecin7基因及其相关调控元件,将目的基因克隆到穿梭载体 pMG36e中,经鉴定后电击转化乳酸菌。通过RT PCR,Western blot检测目的基因表达情况,采用琼脂扩散法对表达产物的生物活性进行初步检测。结果显示成功构建了携Bactenecin7基因的重组质粒,将重组质粒转化至乳酸菌后,该乳酸菌能有效分泌表达Bactenecin7,经体外抑菌实验证实表达产物Bactenecin7具有抑菌活性。实验表明携Bactenecin7基因的乳酸菌能有效分泌表达具有生物活性的抗菌肽Bactenecin7,为进一步研究口服重组乳酸菌进行肠道细菌感染的治疗奠定了基础。     

武陵蚁微蛛雌性新记述及其与久摩蚁微蛛的比较(蜘蛛目,皿蛛科)

首次报道了采自中国湖南省张家界自然保护区的皿蛛科蚁微蛛属武陵蚁微蛛Solenysa wulingensis的雌性个体.文中详细描述了该种雌性个体的形态特征,并附有特征图.此外,对采自韩国的久摩蚁微蛛Solenysa geumoensis进行了重新描述,对2个姐妹种间的形态学差异进行了详细比较.     

纯种犬在15个STR基因座上的遗传多态性

目的:指导纯种犬的繁育及建立一套简便的犬个体识别和亲权鉴定方法。方法:通过设计引物进行PCR扩增及PAGE检测的方法,分析了88头纯种犬在15个STR基因座上的遗传学多态性。结果:15个STR基因座的累积非父排除率(CPE)和累积个体识别率(TDP)分别为0.999678和0.999999999997,而平均杂合度和平均多态信息含量分别为0.607和0.640。12个STR基因座(PEZ1、PEZ2、PEZ3、PEZ5、PEZ6、PEZ8、PEZ12、FHC2010、FHC2054、FHC2087UbF、HC2132、FHC2611)的多态信息含量(PIC)和杂合度(H)大于0.5,它们的TDP和CPE值分别为0.999999999963和0.999334,能有效用于犬的个体识别和亲权鉴定。结论:这15个STR基因座可以用于指导犬的繁育,其中12个STR基因座能有效用于犬的个体识别和亲权鉴定。     

人工接种发酵茯砖茶降脂减肥作用研究

比较自然发酵与人工接种发酵茯砖茶对营养性肥胖大鼠的降脂减肥作用。结果表明与肥胖模型组比较,喂饲两类茯砖茶的大鼠体重、脂肪湿重、脂肪系数、甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）等指标均低于肥胖模型组,而高密度脂蛋白（HDL-C）则有明显提高。人工接种发酵茯砖茶与自然发酵茯砖茶均对营养性肥胖大鼠有降脂减肥作用,能显著改善大鼠的各项肥胖指标,人工接种发酵的茯砖茶在相关指标上均接近甚至优于自然发酵的茯砖茶。     

淡水排放对杭州湾湿地浮游动物群落分布的影响

于2010年4月至2011年1月对杭州湾南岸滩涂湿地5个断面(S1-S3为排水区, S4-S5为非排水区)的高潮位和中潮位分别进行浮游动物群落结构的周年调查, 共发现浮游动物38种(轮虫15种, 枝角类4种, 桡足类19种)。排水区浮游动物年平均密度88.89 ind./L, 生物量0.41 mg/L, 非排水区平均密度仅4.21 ind./L, 生物量0.10 mg/L。排水区轮虫和桡足类的第一优势种分别为萼花臂尾轮虫(Brachionus calyciflorus)和汤匙华哲水蚤(Sinocalanus dorrii), 而非排水区第一优势种为中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)。S2-S3断面中潮位的水体营养盐浓度、浮游动物密度和生物量均明显大于高潮位。淡水排放、潮沟径流和潮汐决定了滩涂湿地群落的时空格局, 后两者还解释了排水区中、高潮位间群落结构组成的差异。       

三角褐指藻和小角毛藻对UV-B辐射增强的生理生化响应

通过实验生态学和生物化学的方法,研究了UV-B辐射对三角褐指藻和小角毛藻的生长、叶绿素a、类胡萝卜素、丙二醛、可溶性蛋白含量和抗氧化物酶活性的影响。结果表明:(1) UV-B辐射增强抑制了2种微藻的生长,低剂量(0.75J/m²)UV-B辐射对三角褐指藻的生长具有一定刺激作用。(2) 三角褐指藻的叶绿素a含量随辐射剂量的增加先上升后下降,小角毛藻chl-a含量缓慢下降。2种微藻MDA含量随UV-B辐射剂量的增加而升高。(3) 随着辐射剂量的增加,三角褐指藻可溶性蛋白含量先稍有升高后较快下降。小角毛藻可溶性蛋白含量始终呈下降趋势。(4) UV-B辐射增强使2种微藻的SOD 、POD和CAT活性先升高后下降,小角毛藻的酶活性变化相对稳定。     

Genetic and Mapping Analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana Male Sterile Mutant filament no elongation

To identify new genes important for anther development, we screened for male sterile mutants among a population of Arabidopsis ecotype Columbia (Col) mutagenized by T DNA insertion (provided by ARBC). A male sterile mutant line with normal vegetative and flora development but no seed yield was isolated from Salk_118481 line. T DNA insertion site identification showed that there were no T DNA sequences in the genome of the mutants. Genetic analysis indicated that the mutant was controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene named filament no elongation because the filament of the mutant remains very short at the 13-14 stage of anther development. The fne gene was mapped to a region of 97kb between the molecular makers MBD2 and MMG4 on chromosome 5 using map based cloning technique. No genes involved filament elongation were reported in this region, so we believe that FNE gene could be a new gene controlling filament elongation in Arabidopsis.