全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1197篇 |
免费 | 130篇 |
国内免费 | 16篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 18篇 |
2019年 | 8篇 |
2017年 | 11篇 |
2016年 | 18篇 |
2015年 | 21篇 |
2014年 | 27篇 |
2013年 | 45篇 |
2012年 | 60篇 |
2011年 | 63篇 |
2010年 | 41篇 |
2009年 | 40篇 |
2008年 | 37篇 |
2007年 | 69篇 |
2006年 | 33篇 |
2005年 | 59篇 |
2004年 | 48篇 |
2003年 | 44篇 |
2002年 | 49篇 |
2001年 | 39篇 |
2000年 | 32篇 |
1999年 | 34篇 |
1998年 | 24篇 |
1997年 | 14篇 |
1996年 | 11篇 |
1995年 | 15篇 |
1994年 | 13篇 |
1993年 | 12篇 |
1992年 | 21篇 |
1991年 | 40篇 |
1990年 | 19篇 |
1989年 | 26篇 |
1988年 | 17篇 |
1987年 | 13篇 |
1986年 | 20篇 |
1985年 | 18篇 |
1984年 | 16篇 |
1983年 | 15篇 |
1982年 | 17篇 |
1980年 | 6篇 |
1979年 | 24篇 |
1978年 | 23篇 |
1977年 | 20篇 |
1976年 | 14篇 |
1975年 | 11篇 |
1974年 | 6篇 |
1973年 | 10篇 |
1972年 | 8篇 |
1971年 | 9篇 |
1970年 | 7篇 |
1966年 | 8篇 |
排序方式: 共有1343条查询结果,搜索用时 250 毫秒
31.
Jonathan E. Schwartz Philip Scuderi Cyndy Wiggins Alfred Rudolph Evan M. Hersh 《Biotherapy》1989,1(3):207-214
rTNF was administered to 28 patients with advanced metastatic cancers by continuous intra venous infusion for 5 consecutive days every 2 weeks. The dose levels were 30, 40, 70, 110, 180 and 290 µg/M2/day. Groups of 3 patients were started at each successive dose level and then on subsequent courses treated with the next dose level through 4 escalations as tolerated. Tumor types were: colon cancer 14; adenocarcinoma of unknown primary, 2; renal cancer, 2; leiomyosarcoma, 2; lung cancer, 1; prostate cancer, 1; thymona, 1; bladder cancer; 1; parotid, 1; Kaposi's sarcoma 2; ovarian 1. Toxicities included fever and chills (usually within the first 8 hours of infusion), fatigue, headache, decreased performance status, hypotension and CNS. All patients experienced leukopenia and thrombocytopenia within 24 hours or less after start of infusion with return of baseline by 72 hours after rTNF was stopped. The fall in these counts averaged 50% and was not dose related. No major changes in liver or renal function, coagulation or blood lipids were seen. Major dose limiting toxicities were fatigue, confusion, thrombocytopenia, seizures, hypotension and decreased performance status. NK cell activity measured against K562 target cells was augmented from about 30% target cell lysis to about 70% target cell lysis over the first 7 days of treatment. Two patients, both with metastatic colon cancer showed transient, objective tumor regression which did not qualify as a partial response. One patient with ovarian cancer had a stable partial response but progressed after 13 courses of treatment. Continuous infusion of TNF can be safely administered to patients with a maximum tolerated dose of only between 30 and 40 µg/M2/day. In addition, the MTD with continuous infusion seems to be highly variable and unpredictable from patient to patient. These data suggest that continuous infusion will not be an optimal way to administer TNF. 相似文献
32.
Depth of the facial nerve in face lift dissections 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
R Rudolph 《Plastic and reconstructive surgery》1990,85(4):537-544
Facial nerve depth was measured in 12 cadaver face halves after bilateral face lift dissections. The main nerve trunk emerged anterior to the midearlobe and was 20.1 +/- 3.1 mm deep. Nerve exit from the parotid edge also was deep, averaging 9.1 +/- 2.8 mm for temporal, 9.2 +/- 2.2 mm for zygomatic, 9.6 +/- 2.0 mm for buccal, and 10.6 +/- 2.7 mm for mandibular branches. Distal to the parotid gland, danger areas where nerve branches became superficial were distal temporal, lower buccal, and upper mandibular branches over the masseter muscle and marginal mandibular as it crossed the facial artery. Some protection in these danger areas was provided by fascia, especially superficial temporal and masseteric, while platysma provided some protection for the mandibular branch. Fascial and muscle protection was less in thin cadavers. Face lift dissection can be rapid in areas where facial nerve branches are deep or absent, such as postauricular, inferior to the zygomatic prominence, and near the earlobe. 相似文献
33.
34.
35.
36.
Emanuel D. Rudolph 《American journal of botany》1996,83(5):661-671
The establishment of teaching laboratories for botany in the United States was strongly influenced in the early part of the 19th century by the founding of a laboratory of natural history at the Rensselaer School by Amos Eaton who inspired numerous educators, particularly women. By midcentury and later, botany programs were established at land-grant colleges and the so-called “new Botany” movement spread from them. In the latter part of the century additional changes were brought about by the influence of German laboratory activity and botanists’ reactions to the introduction of the Huxley-Martin biology programs to America. During these times, Americans were improving their own manufactured microscopes, laboratory supplies, and equipment capabilities. By the beginning of the 20th century, laboratory teaching of botanical subjects was widely accepted as normal in universities and colleges, as well as in some high schools. 相似文献
37.
Anonymous nuclear DNA markers in the American oyster and their implications for the heterozygote deficiency phenomenon in marine bivalves 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
A puzzling population-genetic phenomenon widely reported in allozyme
surveys of marine bivalves is the occurrence of heterozygote deficits
relative to Hardy-Weinberg expectations. Possible explanations for this
pattern are categorized with respect to whether the effects should be
confined to protein-level assays or are genomically pervasive and expected
to be registered in both protein- and DNA-level assays. Anonymous nuclear
DNA markers from the American oyster were employed to reexamine the
phenomenon. In assays based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), two
DNA-level processes were encountered that can lead to artifactual genotypic
scorings: (a) differential amplification of alleles at a target locus and
(b) amplification from multiple paralogous loci. We describe symptoms of
these complications and prescribe methods that should generally help to
ameliorate them. When artifactual scorings at two anonymous DNA loci in the
American oyster were corrected, Hardy-Weinberg deviations registered in
preliminary population assays decreased to nonsignificant values.
Implications of these findings for the heterozygote-deficit phenomenon in
marine bivalves, and for the general development and use of PCR-based
assays, are discussed.
相似文献
38.
Low-sulphated oligosaccharides derived from heparan sulphate inhibit normal angiogenesis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hahnenberger Rudolph; Jakobson ke M.; Ansari Akbar; Wehler Thomas; Svahn Carl Magnus; Lindahl Ulf 《Glycobiology》1993,3(6):567-573
Heparin, with or without the addition of an adrenocorticosteroid,can inhibit normal angiogenesis in the chick embryo chorioallantoicmembrane. Low- or non-sulphated heparin fragments also haveanti-angiogenic effect. Attempts to define a saccharide structureresponsible for the anti-angiogenic effect implicated a -[GlcAß1,4-GlcNAc 相似文献
39.
40.
Evelina L Zdorovenko Evgeny Vinogradov Galina M Zdorovenko Buko Lindner Olga V Bystrova Alexander S Shashkov Klaus Rudolph Ulrich Z?hringer Yuriy A Knirel 《European journal of biochemistry》2004,271(23-24):4968-4977
The core structure of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) isolated from a rough strain of the phytopathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola, GSPB 711, was investigated by sugar and methylation analyses, Fourier transform ion-cyclotron resonance ESI MS, and one- and two-dimensional 1H-, 13C- and 31P-NMR spectroscopy. Strong alkaline deacylation of the LPS resulted in two core-lipid A backbone undecasaccharide pentakisphosphates in the ratio approximately 2.5 : 1, which corresponded to outer core glycoforms 1 and 2 terminated with either L-rhamnose or 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo), respectively. Mild acid degradation of the LPS gave the major glycoform 1 core octasaccharide and a minor truncated glycoform 2 core heptasaccharide, which resulted from the cleavage of the terminal Kdo residues. The inner core of P. syringae is distinguished by a high degree of phosphorylation of L-glycero-D-manno-heptose residues with phosphate, diphosphate and ethanolamine diphosphate groups. The glycoform 1 core is structurally similar but not identical to one of the core glycoforms of the human pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The outer core composition and structure may be useful as a chemotaxonomic marker for the P. syringae group of bacteria, whereas a more conserved inner core structure appears to be representative for the whole genus Pseudomonas. 相似文献