The diet of coastal breeding hooded crows corvus corone comix

Three methods of analysis were used to determine the diet of territorial hooded crows at Lough Hyne Marine Reserve, Co Cork, Ireland The regular collection of prey Items from these sites at Lough Hyne was integrated with pellet and stomach analysis to determine diet Intertidal organisms occurred in over 80% of pellets and 43% of stomachs and occupied over 77% of the total wet weight of foods identified in pellets All prey items recovered from drop sites originated from the intertidal habitat, involved either large-sized species or larger individuals of smaller-sized species, and were only dropped during October to February Twenty-five intertidal species were identified but only a few of these species contributed to the bulk of the diet Hooded crows were shown to consume a wide range of intertidal species throughout the year, though the species composition in the diet was seasonally influenced Depletion and weight loss of intertidal molluscs through the winter was shown to have a minimal effect on selection suggesting that prey switching was driven by the birds nutritional requirements     

Leucostasis, an underestimated cause of death in leukaemia

Massive sludging of leukaemic cells in blood vessels is a frequent and often lethal complication of leukaemia. In a retrospective clinicopathological study on the causes of death in 52 patients with acute myeloid leukaemia and myeloproliferative disease, pulmonary leucostasis was found in 40% of the patients. In many of these patients the vessels of the heart, brain and testes were also involved. In search for signs and symptoms specific for leucostasis, the clinical records of the 21 patients with leucostasis (the study group) were compared to those of 20 patients without leucostasis (the control group). Dysfunction of the organs most affected by leucostasis, namely lungs, heart and brain, was found more often in the study group than in the controls, but the combination of unexplained fever with cardiopulmonary and/or central nervous system failure occurred almost exclusively and in half of the patients with leucostasis. Leucostasis occurs predominantly, but not exclusively, in patients with high leucocyte counts, and especially, but again not exclusively, when the leucocyte counts rise sharply.     

The heparin binding domain of S-protein/vitronectin binds to complement components C7, C8, and C9 and perforin from cytolytic T-cells and inhibits their lytic activities

S-Protein/vitronectin is a serum glycoprotein that inhibits the lytic activity of the membrane attack complex of complement, i.e., of the complex including the proteins C5b, C6, C7, C8, and C9n. We show that intact S-protein/vitronectin or its cyanogen bromide generated fragments also inhibit the hemolysis mediated by perforin from cytotoxic T-cells at 45 and 11 microM, respectively. The glycosaminoglycan binding site of S-protein/vitronectin is responsible for the inhibition, since a synthetic peptide corresponding to a part of this highly basic domain (amino acid residues 348-360) inhibits complement- as well as perforin-mediated cytolysis. In the case of C9, the synthetic peptide binds to the acidic residues occurring in its N-terminal cysteine-rich domain (residues 101-111). Antibodies raised against this particular segment react 25-fold better with the polymerized form of C9 as compared with its monomeric form, indicating that this site becomes exposed only upon the hydrophilic-amphiphilic transition of C9. Since the cysteine-rich domain of C9 has been shown to be highly conserved in C6, C7, and C8 as well as in perforin, the inhibition of the lytic activities of these molecules by S-protein/vitronectin or by peptides corresponding to its heparin binding site may be explained by a similar mechanism.     

Primary structures of the mRNAs encoding the rat precursors for bradykinin and T-kinin. Structural relationship of kininogens with major acute phase protein and alpha 1-cysteine proteinase inhibitor

Three types of cloned cDNA sequences for rat low molecular weight prekininogens were isolated and determined by molecular cloning and sequence analysis. The deduced amino acid sequences indicated that one, termed K-prekininogen, represents the counterpart of the known low molecular weight prekininogen present in other mammals, while the other two, called T-prekininogens, contain a novel T-kinin sequence which was recently identified from rat plasma. Although T- and K-prekininogens are highly homologous with each other, both of the T-prekininogens contain methionine, instead of arginine or lysine, as an amino acid preceding T-kinin and exhibit two consecutive amino acid deletions in the preceding region of T-kinin as compared with K-prekininogen. The former finding accounts for the previous observation of strong resistance of T-kininogens to cleavage with trypsin or kallikreins, while the latter finding has been explained by the structural analysis of genomic clones in which T-kinin-coding exon is contracted at its intron junction. A partial nucleotide sequence reported recently for the rat major acute phase protein (alpha 1-MAP) mRNA was found to be extremely related to the corresponding portion of the rat T-prekininogen mRNA. Furthermore, consistent with the previous report of the structural identity of major acute phase protein and alpha 1-cysteine proteinase inhibitor, kininogen closely resembles not only the former but also the latter in the amino acid compositions. The interrelationship among the triad of these proteins has been discussed.     

A Yersinia pseudotuberculosis protein which cross-reacts with HLA-B27

The most-debated question in the investigation of the spondyloarthropathies has been whether there is molecular mimicry between host HLA-B27 antigens and the arthritis-causing pathogens. We have generated a monoclonal anti-HLA-B27 antibody in our laboratory and have used a radioimmunoassay to screen a panel of bacterial species. Two strains of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis were found to be highly reactive. The cross-reactive Yersinia component was identified by Western blot to be a 19,000 component. A preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis chromatography apparatus was constructed to isolate milligram quantities of this component. To verify that the component carried the HLA-B27-specific epitope, rabbits were hyperimmunized with the purified materials. Affinity-purified antibodies from one of the immunized rabbits indeed carried anti-HLA-B27 activity. Last, antibodies generated against synthetic peptides derived from the HLA-B27.1 amino acid sequence were tested against the Yersinia component. Positive reactivity was found with antibodies generated against a peptide spanning residues 69-83 of the HLA-B27.1 protein. Since this resides in the segment responsible for the allotypic specificity of the antigen, these experiments establish the presence of molecular mimicry to a high degree of confidence.