中国云南白族和新疆维族7个Y-STR基因座的遗传多态性

利用AB I3100遗传分析仪, 我们调查了7个Y-STR基因座构成的单体型在中国云南白族133例和新疆维族105例无关男性个体中的分布。7个Y-STR基因座包括DYS456、DYS464 a/b/c/d、DYS527 a/b、DYS531、DYS709、DYS448和DYS522。结果显示,云南白族和新疆维族2个民族男性群体中,分别观察到133、105种单体型, 均为仅观察到1次的单体型,单体型多样性(HD)均趋近于1, 比较这种单体型在两个群体中的分布差异,显示有统计学显著意义(秩和检验: P<0.001)。中国云南白族和新疆维族7个Y-STR基因座具有较高的多态性, 为法医学实践和群体遗传学的研究提供了有用的基础资料。     

Molecular AFLP-marking of genotypes of pepper (Capsicum annuum) cultivars

The results of AFLP study of 14 Capsicum annuum cultivars are presented. Notwithstanding the known low genomic variation of large-fruited sweet pepper, AFLP analysis proved to be suitable for detecting polymorphism and genotyping pepper cultivars. Nine primer pairs were selected to allow identification of the cultivars under study. Among-cultivar polymorphism detectable with these primers was estimated at 16.5%. A characteristic AFLP pattern was obtained for each cultivar. Several cultivar-specific fragments were revealed for seven cultivars. On the basis of the AFLP data, genetic distances between cultivars were computed and a tree was constructed by means of hierarchic cluster analysis (UPGMA) with the Jacquard coefficient. It was assumed that this information is useful in breeding programs involving the cultivars examined.     

Experience in the application of Java Technologies in telemedicine

Java language has been demonstrated to be an effective tool in supporting medical image viewing in Russia. This evaluation was completed by obtaining a maximum of 20 images, depending on the client's computer workstation from one patient using a commercially available computer tomography (CT) scanner. The images were compared against standard CT images that were viewed at the site of capture. There was no appreciable difference. The client side is a lightweight component that provides an intuitive interface for end users. Each image is loaded in its own thread and the user can begin work after the first image has been loaded. This feature is especially useful on slow connection speed, 9.6 Kbps for example. The server side, which is implemented by the Java Servlet Engine works more effective than common gateway interface (CGI) programs do. Advantages of the Java Technology place this program on the next level of application development. This paper presents a unique application of Java in telemedicine.     

Kohonen network study of the results of RAPD and ISSR analyses of genomic polymorphism in the genus Capsicum L

The results of studies based on multilocus molecular analyses, including random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR), and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analyses, are usually presented in the form of images (electrophoregrams, photographs, etc.). The interpretation of this information is complicated, labor-consuming, and subjective. Artificial neural networks (ANNs), which are ideal "image processors," may be useful when solving such tasks. The possibility of using ANNs for the treatment of the results of RAPD and ISSR analyses has been studied. The RAPD and ISSR spectra have been studied in fragments of DNA of plants from the genus Capsicum L. (peppers). The results of clustering the accessions studied by means of the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA), which is often used for phylogenetic constructions based on RAPD and ISSR data, serve as expert estimates. Fundamentally new methods of genetic polymorphism estimation using ANN technologies, namely, self-organizing feature maps (SOFMs) have been developed. The results show that the clusters obtained with the use of UPGMA and SOFM coincide by more than 90%; taking into account that ANNs can deal with high noise levels and incomplete or contradictory data, the approach proposed may prove to be efficient.     

Analysis of microsatellite loci of the chloroplast genome in the genus Capsicum (Pepper)

Six plastome microsatellites were examined in 43 accessions of the genus Capsicum. In total, 33 allelic variants were detected. A specific haplotype of chloroplast DNA was identified for each Capsicum species. Species-specific allelic variants were found for most wild Capsicum species. The highest intraspecific variation was observed for the C. baccatum plastome. Low cpDNA polymorphism was characteristic of C. annuum: the cpSSRs were either monomorphic or dimorphic. The vast majority of C. annuum accessions each had alleles of one type. Another allele type was rare and occurred only in wild accessions. The results testified again to genetic conservation of C. annuum and especially its cultivated forms. The phylogenetic relationships established for the Capsicum species on the basis of plastome analysis were similar to those inferred from the morphological traits, isozyme patterns, and molecular analysis of the nuclear genome.     

TGF-β_2在低氧条件下诱导骨髓基质干细胞向软骨细胞分化的研究

目的：探讨转化生长因子β2（TGF-β2）在低氧条件下诱导骨髓基质干细胞（BMSCs）向软骨细胞分化的作用。方法：无菌条件下分离Wistar大鼠股骨骨髓,采用全贴壁培养法纯化BMSCs。传6代后,将细胞随机分为3组,A组加入25 ng/mL TGF-β2在1%氧浓度条件下培养;B组加入25 ng/mL TGF-β2在21%氧浓度条件下培养;C组仅加入含10%胎牛血清的DMEM-α培养液在1%氧浓度条件下培养。3周后,通过甲苯胺蓝染色检测细胞糖胺多糖,聚合酶链反应检测Ⅱ型胶原和蛋白聚糖（Aggrecan）的表达水平。结果：骨髓细胞经换液后贴壁聚集生长,形态均一,连续传代后形态无明显改变。分组培养第1周,A、C组生长速度低于B组;第2周各组均出现不规则形态细胞,A、C组细胞形态小于B组;第3周各组均可见透明样基质,以A组最明显。3周后行甲苯胺蓝染色,A组细胞内外均可见丰富的蓝染颗粒,B、C组染色较A组略浅。A组Ⅱ型胶原的表达相对量（1.246±0.287）高于B组（0.973±0.365）、C组（0.802±0.196）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;B、C组比较无明显差异（P〉0.05）。A组Aggrecan的表达相对量（0.833±0.375）高于B组（0.724±0.173）、C组（0.602±0.091）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;B、C组比较无明显差异（P〉0.05）。结论：TGF-β2联合低氧环境可明显促进骨髓基质干细胞分化为软骨细胞。     

Molecular genetic diversity of the pea (Pisum sativum L.) from the Vavilov Research Institute collection detected by the AFLP analysis

In this work, a set of pea accessions obtained from the Vavilov Research Institute (VIR) collection comprising 83 P. sativum samples, including representatives of three subspecies, was studied using the AFLP method. Local cultivars for different uses with maximum ecological and geographical diversity (including those from the centers of origin of the species) were predominantly chosen for the study; a number of their morphological and biological characteristics were evaluated. We obtained 382 polymorphic AFLP fragments; each sample was characterized by a unique set of fragments. The genetic diversity of the studied material was evaluated, and a wide range of genetic differences in the investigated samples (0.07–0.27) was demonstrated. The affiliation of the samples to the certain subspecies was not confirmed by the obtained data; the ecogeographical differentiation of the samples was not reflected by the data. Factor analysis allowed us to identify the sample groups of European and Asian origin and the intermediate nature of most of the samples from the studied set of pea accessions.