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71.
Calreticulin (CRT)-1 is a major Ca2+-buffering protein in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. Human and murine CRT-2 was isolated in 2002, but the subcellular
localization and function is still unclear. Here, we studied the intracellular localization and function of CRT-2 with hemagglutinin-tagged
(HA-) human CRT-2. Western blotting revealed HA-CRT-2 as a single band at 50 kDa. Using immunofluorescence microscopy of cultured
fibroblasts and epithelial cells transfected with HA-CRT-2 cDNA, labeling for HA-CRT-2 was seen as a reticular network with
a nuclear envelope pattern that colocalized with calnexin and protein disulfide isomerase. Immunoelectron microscopy confirmed
that HA-CRT-2 was localized in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. Stains-all staining, a method to detect Ca2+-binding proteins, could not stain the immunoprecipitate of HA-CRT-2, although HA-CRT-1 immunoprecipitate was stained blue.
These results indicate that the molecular weight of the non-tagged CRT-2 on SDS-PAGE is 49 kDa, and that CRT-2, as well as
CRT-1, is localized in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum, but that CRT-2 capacity for Ca2+-binding may be absent or much lower than that of CRT-1. 相似文献
72.
Miyanoiri Y Takeda M Jee J Ono AM Okuma K Terauchi T Kainosho M 《Journal of biomolecular NMR》2011,51(4):425-435
Tryptophan (Trp) residues are frequently found in the hydrophobic cores of proteins, and therefore, their side-chain conformations,
especially the precise locations of the bulky indole rings, are critical for determining structures by NMR. However, when
analyzing [U–13C,15N]-proteins, the observation and assignment of the ring signals are often hampered by excessive overlaps and tight spin couplings.
These difficulties have been greatly alleviated by using stereo-array isotope labeled (SAIL) proteins, which are composed
of isotope-labeled amino acids optimized for unambiguous side-chain NMR assignment, exclusively through the 13C–13C and 13C–1H spin coupling networks (Kainosho et al. in Nature 440:52–57, 2006). In this paper, we propose an alternative type of SAIL-Trp with the [ζ2,ζ3-2H2; δ1,ε3,η2-13C3; ε1-15N]-indole ring ([12Cγ, 12Cε2] SAIL-Trp), which provides a more robust way to correlate the 1Hβ, 1Hα, and 1HN to the 1Hδ1 and 1Hε3 through the intra-residue NOEs. The assignment of the 1Hδ1/13Cδ1 and 1Hε3/13Cε3 signals can thus be transferred to the 1Hε1/15Nε1 and 1Hη2/13Cη2 signals, as with the previous type of SAIL-Trp, which has an extra 13C at the Cγ of the ring. By taking advantage of the stereospecific deuteration of one of the prochiral β-methylene protons, which was
1Hβ2 in this experiment, one can determine the side-chain conformation of the Trp residue including the χ2 angle, which is especially important for Trp residues, as they can adopt three preferred conformations. We demonstrated the
usefulness of [12Cγ,12Cε2] SAIL-Trp for the 12 kDa DNA binding domain of mouse c-Myb protein (Myb-R2R3), which contains six Trp residues. 相似文献
73.
Ozaki S Ebisui E Hamada K Suzuki AZ Terauchi A Mikoshiba K 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2011,21(1):377-379
Potent transglutaminase inhibitors were obtained from disulfide compounds, cystamine, dimethyl cystine, and dimethyl homocystine. The disulfide bond and thiophene ring play an important role in inhibitory activity of synthesized aryl β-amino ketones. 相似文献
74.
Multiple translocation of the AVR-Pita effector gene among chromosomes of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae and related species 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Chuma I Isobe C Hotta Y Ibaragi K Futamata N Kusaba M Yoshida K Terauchi R Fujita Y Nakayashiki H Valent B Tosa Y 《PLoS pathogens》2011,7(7):e1002147
Magnaporthe oryzae is the causal agent of rice blast disease, a devastating problem worldwide. This fungus has caused breakdown of resistance conferred by newly developed commercial cultivars. To address how the rice blast fungus adapts itself to new resistance genes so quickly, we examined chromosomal locations of AVR-Pita, a subtelomeric gene family corresponding to the Pita resistance gene, in various isolates of M. oryzae (including wheat and millet pathogens) and its related species. We found that AVR-Pita (AVR-Pita1 and AVR-Pita2) is highly variable in its genome location, occurring in chromosomes 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and supernumerary chromosomes, particularly in rice-infecting isolates. When expressed in M. oryzae, most of the AVR-Pita homologs could elicit Pita-mediated resistance, even those from non-rice isolates. AVR-Pita was flanked by a retrotransposon, which presumably contributed to its multiple translocation across the genome. On the other hand, family member AVR-Pita3, which lacks avirulence activity, was stably located on chromosome 7 in a vast majority of isolates. These results suggest that the diversification in genome location of AVR-Pita in the rice isolates is a consequence of recognition by Pita in rice. We propose a model that the multiple translocation of AVR-Pita may be associated with its frequent loss and recovery mediated by its transfer among individuals in asexual populations. This model implies that the high mobility of AVR-Pita is a key mechanism accounting for the rapid adaptation toward Pita. Dynamic adaptation of some fungal plant pathogens may be achieved by deletion and recovery of avirulence genes using a population as a unit of adaptation. 相似文献
75.
Terauchi A Kobayashi D Mashimo H 《American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology》2005,289(2):G291-G299
Nitric oxide (NO) relaxes the internal anal sphincter (IAS), but its enzymatic source(s) remains unknown; neuronal (nNOS) and endothelial (eNOS) NO synthase (NOS) isoforms could be involved. Also, interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) may be involved in IAS relaxation. We studied the relative roles of nNOS, eNOS, and c-Kit-expressing ICC for IAS relaxation using genetic murine models. The basal IAS tone and the rectoanal inhibitory reflex (RAIR) were assessed in vivo by a purpose-built solid-state manometric probe and by using wild-type, nNOS-deficient (nNOS-/-), eNOS-deficient (eNOS-/-), and W/W(v) mice (lacking certain c-Kit-expressing ICC) with or without L-arginine or N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) treatment. Moreover, the basal tone and response to electrical field stimulation (EFS) were studied in organ bath using wild-type and mutant IAS. In vivo, the basal tone of eNOS-/- was higher and W/W(v) was lower than wild-type and nNOS-/- mice. L-arginine administered rectally, but not intravenously, decreased the basal tone in wild-type, nNOS-/-, and W/W(v) mice. However, neither L-arginine nor L-NAME affected basal tone in eNOS-/- mice. In vitro, L-arginine decreased basal tone in wild-type and nNOS-/- IAS but not in eNOS-/- or wild-type IAS without mucosa. The in vivo RAIR was intact in wild-type, eNOS-/-, and W/W(v) mice but absent in all nNOS-/- mice. EFS-induced IAS relaxation was also reduced in nNOS-/- IAS. Thus the basal IAS tone is largely controlled by eNOS in the mucosa, whereas the RAIR is controlled by nNOS. c-Kit-expressing ICC may not be essential for the RAIR. 相似文献
76.
Yamamoto R Uenishi H Hatsuse H Sato E Awata T Yasue H Takagaki Y 《Immunogenetics》2005,57(3-4):219-225
Pig (Sus scrofa) TRA clones were isolated from cDNA libraries of total RNA from two different sources, the thymus of a 1-month-old LW strain pig and the peripheral blood lymphocytes of a 5-month-old Clawn strain pig. Among 103 complete TRA cDNA clones from both sources, 33 different TRAV genes were identified. By comparing their sequence identities against one another, these pig TRAV genes were grouped into 20 subgroups, including 13 subgroups, each containing only a single member. All of these pig subgroups gave corresponding human and mouse functional counterparts, suggesting their functional commonality. An exception was the Va01 gene segment, which lacked a functional human counterpart. The present report provides groundwork for studies on pig TRA expression.Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at .This report constitutes a part of the requirement for the doctorate thesis for R.Y. in Tohoku University. 相似文献
77.
Ueda S Terauchi H Suzuki K Yano A Matsumoto M Kubo T Minato H Arai Y Tsuji J Watanabe N 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2005,15(5):1361-1366
We have previously reported that (4R,5R)-5-ethyl-2-imino-4-methylthiazolidine (3) strongly inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). In a successive search for strong and selective iNOS inhibitors, we, herein, describe the synthesis of the selenium analogue of 3 (4: ES-2133) and its related optically active compounds and examine their in vitro and in vivo inhibitory activity against iNOS. In addition, an alternative synthetic method to the selected compound 4 and its pharmacokinetic profile is also reported. 相似文献
78.
Ochi T Sakamoto M Minamida A Suzuki K Ueda T Une T Toda H Matsumoto K Terauchi Y 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2005,15(4):1055-1059
Two major metabolites in humans of blonanserin, 2-(4-ethyl-1-piperazinyl)-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5,6,7,8,9,10-hexahydrocycloocta-[b]pyridine (code name AD-5423), were synthesized. The first, 7-hydroxylated AD-5423, was synthesized through a four-step process starting from 4-fluorobenzoylacetonitrile (1), and the second, 8-hydroxylated AD-5423, a nine-step process also from 1. The optical resolution, structures, and receptor binding properties of the metabolites were documented. 相似文献
79.
80.